桂皮和茴香的诱变性研究

模拟一种习惯烹调方式，从桂皮、茴香中提取食用成份，分别对小鼠骨髓ＰＣＥ微核测试系统进行检测。结果表明用本方法提取的桂皮和茴香食用成份各剂量组的小鼠骨髓ＰＣＥ微核诱发率与阴性对照组的微核率（１．１‰）差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．５）。故认为按此习惯方式食用桂皮和茴香是安全的。     

铊的特殊毒性研究

研究表明,碳酸铊剂量在0.48mg/kg以上能诱发小鼠骨髓细胞做核数增加;浓度为0.047mg/ml时,诱发体外培养细胞形态转化;剂量为0.83～2.5mg/kg的小鼠致畸试验结果,见胚胎吸收率和胸骨及枕骨缺失(或骨化不全)的胎鼠数明显高于对照组,但未见内脏和外观畸形。     

Biological monitoring of hospital pharmacy personnel occupationally exposed to cytostatic drugs: urinary excretion and cytogenetics studies

For evaluation of the risk borne by hospital pharmacy personnel exposed to antineoplastic agents, the incorporation of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and platinum-containing drugs was quantified by the determination of urinary concentrations. In addition, the induction of micronuclei (MN) and sister-chromatid-exchange (SCE) rates in peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied for correlation with the urinary excretion of cytostatic drugs. Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide were determined in 24-h urine samples using gas chromatography with electron capture (detection limit 2.5 μg/l). Voltammetric analysis enabled the determination of platinum concentrations of 4 ng/l. Heparinized blood (20 ml) was drawn and lymphocytes were cultured for MN and SCE studies. In all, 13 hospital pharmacists and pharmacy technicians regularly involved in the preparation of cytostatic drugs participated in this investigation (7 persons represent a follow-up group). All subjects applied standard safety precautions, including the use of a vertical laminar air-flow hood, protective gowns, and latex gloves. On the day of urine sampling an average of 4,870 mg cyclophosphamide, 5,580 mg ifosfamide, and 504 mg platinum-containing drugs were handled. The excretion of 5 and 9 μg cyclophosphamide/1 urine was measured in two samples, respectively. An elevated level of urinary platinum was found in one pharmacist (22.3 ng/g creatinine) in comparison with a nonexposed control group. Mean frequencies of MN and SCE did not differ significantly between the drug exposed group and control group. The employees who had incorporated chemotherapeutic agents were part of the follow-up group and, thus, particularly cautious and sensitive to a possible hazard. The results emphasize the necessity of improving personal protection of hospital pharmacy personnel occupationally exposed to cytostatic drugs and support the importance of biological monitoring. In an ongoing project in our department the sources of contamination are being investigated parallel to biological monitoring so as to determine critical situations and improve personal protection. Received: 7 August 1996 / Accepted: 3 January 1997     

River water genotoxicity evaluation using micronucleus assay in fish erythrocytes

The quality of Caí river water (Rio Grande do Sul State) in an area under the influence of a petrochemical complex was studied using the micronucleus assay in erythrocytes from peripheral blood of the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas. This cytogenetic in vivo assay was performed to evaluate the effects of petrochemical effluents on the stream. Organisms were exposed to samples collected at four sites, during an 11-month period. Three different exposure periods were used (7, 14, and 21 days) to evaluate their influence in genotoxic detection. The 14-day exposure period was most effective in detecting genotoxicity in samples from this area. The presence of substances with clastogenic and/or aneugenic potential could be detected at the different sites analyzed. This in vivo assay allowed the detection of genotoxicity in the area studied, indicating the potential for environmental genotoxicity monitoring.     

木尘提取液诱发体外培养BALBA/c-3T3细胞微核和多核

为探讨木尘的诱变性,选择硬木和软木各一种,分别为榉木和桦木,制备成木尘水提取液和有机提取液,进行BALB/c-3T3细胞微核和多核诱导试验.结果显示榉木尘和桦木尘两种提取液均存在细胞毒性,并可引起BALB/c-3T3细胞微核和多核细胞率的明显升高,剂量反应关系成立.说明榉木尘和桦木尘两种提取液均具有诱变性.     

罗布麻叶中三十烷醇的药理研究

罗布麻(Apocynum uenctum L.)叶经植化分析,含有脂溶性成分三十烷醇(Triacon tanol,简称TC)。该成分为一种植物生长调节剂,微量即能促进植物生长。对动物的影响,尚未见报道。本文就TC对小鼠生长和免疫功能的影响,以及对细胞染色体的保护作用等作了初步研究。     

轮叶党参醇提水溶部分对丝裂霉素致免疫抑制的拮抗作用

目的研究轮叶党参醇提水溶部分对丝裂霉素所致淋巴细胞增殖抑制的拮抗作用。方法用大鼠外周血淋巴细胞培养,观察在相同的丝裂霉素浓度(40μg／L),不同的轮叶党参醇提水溶部分的浓度情况下的淋巴细胞的增殖情况。结果轮叶党参醇提水溶部分具有免疫增强作用,且呈剂量效应关系;并且在较低浓度时,轮叶党参醇提水溶部分就表现出较好的免疫增强的效果作用。结论轮叶党参醇提水溶部分具有免疫增强作用。     

微核实验评价碳化硅陶瓷的潜在致突变性

目的通过微核实验检测自制碳化硅陶瓷对小鼠的致突变性以评价其生物相容性。方法将小鼠分成高、中、低剂量组及阴、阳性对照组,并与纯钛作比较,每组10只,共80只,按1ml/20g体重口服同剂量的浸提液,生理盐水作为阴性对照,阳性诱变剂:注射用环磷酰胺(CP)(75mg/kg)作为阳性对照,24小时后处死小鼠,观察P/N值。结果各实验组的微核率与阴性对照比较,无显著差异,并与纯钛组相近。结论自制碳化硅对小鼠无致突变性。     

miR-146a和miR-196a2前体区遗传多态性与焦炉工人遗传损伤的关系

目的 探讨miR-146a和miR-196a2前体区遗传多态位点rs2910164 G＞C和rs11614913 T＞C与焦炉工遗传损伤的关联性.方法 于2010年9月至10月,选取湖北省武汉市某焦化厂工龄在1年以上,无肿瘤,无吸烟习惯的焦炉作业工人,共575名.收集一般人口学资料并采集外周静脉血和尿液;采用胞质分裂阻滞试验计算外周血淋巴细胞的微核率来评价染色体损伤的程度;采用TaqMan探针对miR-146a前体区rs2910164 G＞C和miR-196a2前体区rs11614913 T＞C多态位点进行分型分析;采用三明治ELISA测定血浆中苯并[a]芘二氢二醇环氧化物-白蛋白(BPDE-白蛋白)加合物的浓度;并进行数据分析,并计算频率比(FR)及其95％ CI值.结果 共纳入575名工人.与携带野生型rs2910164 GG基因型的工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核率(4.02±3.09)相比,携带rs2910164CC基因型工人的微核率(4.38±3.46)增加(FR=1.18,95％CI:1.04～1.34),且有明显的等位基因剂量-效应关系(P趋势=0.025).按研究对象不同特征分层后,发现男性(FR=1.11,95％ CI:1.02～ 1.20)、不饮酒(FR=1.07,95％ CI:1.00 ～1.14)、工龄＜20年(FR=1.12,95％CI:1.03 ～ 1.22)和低BPDE-白蛋白水平组(FR=1.11,95％CI:1.02～1.21)中,rs2910164C等位基因与微核率的增加具有等位基因剂量-效应关系(P趋势分别为0.011、0.044、0.006和0.020).此外,与携带rs11614913TT基因型的工人(3.90±3.32)相比,携带rs11614913 TC基因型工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核率增加(4.27±2.91)(FR=1.12,95％CI:1.02 ～ 1.23).以同时携带rs2910164 GG及rs11614913TT基因型的工人组作为对照,同时携带rs2910164CC与rs11614913 CC基因型个体的外周血淋巴细胞微核率(5.32±4.94)是对照组(3.75±3.01)的1.51(1.21 ～1.89)倍.结论 miR-146a前体区域rs2910164C等位基因及miR-196a2前体区域rs11614913 C等位基因与焦炉工遗传损伤水平增加有关.     

Buccal micronucleus cytome assay in primary school children: A descriptive analysis of the MAPEC_LIFE multicenter cohort study

Background

Recent data support the hypothesis that genetic damage occurring early in life during childhood can play an important role in the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, including cancer.