Efficacy of photodynamic therapy versus antibiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundTo determine whether treatment with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) yield better clinical periodontal outcomes than antibiotics (AB) as adjunct to SRP in periodontitis.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted in databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register databases) up to and including April 2017.ResultsFive randomized trials were included. All studies used the combined approach aPDT + SRP and AB + SRP in the test and control group respectively. The follow up period ranged from 12 to 48 weeks. All studies used diode lasers. The wavelengths, power density and duration of irradiation used were 670 nanometre, 75 milliwatts per square centimeters and 60 s respectively. None of the studies showed additional benefits of aPDT at follow up. Considering the effects of adjunctive aPDT as compared to AB, a high degree of heterogeneity for periodontal probing depth (PPD) (p < 0.0001, I² = 87.47%) was noticed among both the groups. Meta-analysis showed significant clinical attachment level (CAL) gain (WMD = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.95, p = 0.001), and not PPD reduction (WMD = 0.67, 95% CI = –0.36 to 1.71, p = 0.204) for aPDT as compared to AB at follow up.ConclusionIt remains debatable whether aPDT is more effective as compared to adjunctive AB in the treatment of periodontitis, given that the scientific evidence is weak. Precautions must be exercised when interpreting the results of this study due to the small sample size and high heterogeneity among studies.     

艾迪注射液联合FOLFOX4化疗方案治疗中晚期结直肠癌的系统评价

目的 系统评价艾迪注射液联合FOLFOX4化疗方案治疗中晚期结直肠癌疗效及安全性。方法 检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Medline、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）、万方数据知识服务平台（Wanfang Data）中艾迪注射液联合FOLFOX4化疗方案治疗中晚期结直肠癌的临床随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial，RCT），检索时限为建库起至2022年4月1日，采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入18项RCTs，包括1 515例患者，其中试验组775例、对照组740例。汇总全部研究的Meta分析显示，试验组客观缓解率（objective response rate，ORR）［RR=1.22，95% CI（1.11，1.34）］及疾病控制率（diseasecontrol rate，DCR）［RR=1.10，95% CI（1.05，1.16）］均优于对照组（P<0.05）；试验组可改善患者生活质量［RR=1.30，95% CI（1.18，1.44），P<0.01］，降低白细胞减少发生率［RR=0.53，95% CI（0.41，0.70），P<0.01］，降低血小板减少发生率［RR=0.53，95% CI（0.28，0.98），P<0.05］，降低恶心呕吐发生率［RR=0.57，95% CI（0.47，0.70），P<0.01］，降低腹泻发生率［RR=0.30，95% CI（0.14，0.65），P<0.05］。敏感性分析显示ORR及DCR研究结果稳健，证据可靠。结论 艾迪注射液联合FOLFOX4方案治疗中晚期结直肠癌较单纯化疗可明显提高疗效，改善患者生活质量，降低相关不良反应发生率，具有良好的疗效和安全性。但鉴于本研究局限性，尚需要高质量、大样本的临床RCT对研究结果进一步验证。     

FAS-670A/G多态性与宫颈癌易感性的Meta分析

目的探讨FAS-670A/G多态性与宫颈癌易感性之间的关系。方法全面检索相关文献,收集2012年1月前有关FAS-670A/G多态性与宫颈癌易感性的病例对照研究,使用Stata 10.0进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入病例对照研究10项,累计病例2174例,对照2514例。在显性模型、隐性模型、加性模型中,Meta分析的OR值及95%CI分别为1.08（0.83-1.41）、0.99（0.76-1.30）、1.03（0.91-1.17）,且按种族所进行的分层分析中各OR值均未达到显著性水平。结论 FAS-670A/G多态性与宫颈癌易感性之间无显著关联。     

Bilateral salpingectomy can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in the general population: A meta-analysis

BackgroundThe results of recent studies have suggested that high-grade serous ovarian cancer predominantly arises within the fallopian tubes. The reduction of ovarian cancer (OC) risk in women with a history of bilateral salpingectomy (BS) has been reported. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the impact of BS in preventing OC in the general population.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases and CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library for all English-language articles published up to January 2015, using the key words ‘ovarian cancer’ and ‘bilateral salpingectomy.’ Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by standard meta-analysis techniques.ResultsOf the 77 studies retrieved, three were included in this meta-analysis, including one cohort study and two population-based case-control studies with 3509 patients who underwent BS and 5,655,702 controls who did not undergo salpingectomy. Over the combined study period, 29 of the 3509 BS patients developed OC compared with 44,006 of the 5,655,702 without salpingectomy. The meta-analysis results based on the fixed effects model revealed a significant decrease in the risk of OC occurrence in the patients who underwent BS relative to the controls (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.35–0.75, I² = 0%). This pattern was also observed in subgroup analysis for the study type.ConclusionsOur results suggest that removal of the fallopian tubes is an effective measure to reduce OC risk in the general population. Therefore, prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy should be considered for women who require hysterectomy with benign indications or sterilisation procedures.     

Electrochemotherapy for the palliative management of cutaneous metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundElectrochemotherapy combines electroporation in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents and is used to treat tumours in many localisations, including cutaneous metastases. The symptoms associated with cutaneous malignant wounds can be distressing for patients and their management is a challenge in healthcare.AimThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy in the context of palliative care.DesignAll aspects of the systematic review were followed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.Data sourcesThe following databases were searched for English-language reviews; Medline, Embase, CINAHL, British Nursing Index and the Cochrane Library. The search was conducted between the publication of Standard Operating Procedures in 2006 and the third week of October 2017. Studies involving oral cancers and studies with fewer than 10 patients were excluded. The selected studies were assessed for risk of bias and sub-group data were synthesised in a random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsFrom 425 studies, 29 studies were included involving 1503 patients, the pooled results were 46.6% for complete response and 82.2% for objective response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours. The meta-analysis indicated that small tumours were over twice as likely (2.25) to have a complete response than large.ConclusionsElectrochemotherapy is an effective, repeatable and minimally invasive intervention within the palliative population that can reduce symptom burden. This review is an update of previous systematic reviews by Mali et al. [1,2] and highlights the need for tailored treatment depending on each individual case.     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术与开放术式的疗效比较Meta分析

目的利用Meta分析的方法,评价腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(LRP)与开放前列腺癌根治术(ORP)两种手术方式治疗局限性前列腺癌的疗效。方法选取发表于1990～2011年的文献,对比LRP与ORP两种术式治疗局限性前列腺癌的随机对照试验和临床对照试验,并应用Meta分析评价手术时间、术中出血量、输血情况、切缘阳性率、术后尿道狭窄发生率、术后控尿、术后勃起功能等相关指标。结果本篇Meta分析,共分析了14篇临床同期对照试验。共纳入了9006例患者,其中行LRP3261例患者,行ORP5745例患者。对于切缘阳性的发生率,腹腔镜与ORP之间无统计学差异(OR0.88,95%CI0.77～1.01,P=0.06);LRP手术时间长于开放手术(WMD60.25min,95%CI30.83～89.68min,P<0.0001),差异具有统计学意义。LRP术中出血量小于ORP(WMD-686.61ml,95%CI-1101.49～-271.72ml,P=0.001),差异具有统计学意义。LRP患者输血率低于ORP(OR0.17,95%CI0.10～0.29,P<0.0001),差异具有统计学意义。LRP术后尿道狭窄的发生率低于ORP(OR0.32,95%CI0.14～0.71,P=0.005),差异具有统计学意义。LRP的术后一年控尿率与ORP无统计学差异(OR1.29,95%CI0.88～1.89,P=0.20)。术中保留双侧性神经的患者的术后一年勃起功能,LRP优于ORP(OR2.23,95%CI1.48～3.36,P=0.0001)。结论对于局限性前列腺癌,腹腔镜与ORP的切缘阳性发生率和术后一年控尿功能相似。LRP的手术时间长于ORP,但术中出血量少于ORP,患者输血率小于ORP,且术后尿道狭窄发生率和术后一年阳痿发生率小于ORP。     

基于网状Meta分析的中药注射液治疗不稳定性心绞痛的有效性及安全性

目的 评价中药注射液（TCMI）辅助治疗不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）的临床疗效及安全性。方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI），维普数据库（VIP），万方数据库（Wanfang），中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM），PubMed，EMBASE，The Cochrane Library，Web of Science 8个数据库收集常规治疗联合TCMI（治疗组）对比单纯常规治疗（对照组）治疗UAP的临床随机对照研究（RCT），文献检索年限均为建库起至2021年3月31日，采用Stata 16.0软件进行网状Meta分析。结果 最终纳入39项RCT，3 407例患者。网状Meta分析结果显示，中药注射液对心绞痛改善总有效率排序为痰热清注射液+常规治疗>香丹注射液+常规治疗>刺五加注射液+常规治疗=生脉注射液+常规治疗>血塞通注射液+常规治疗>灯盏花素注射液+常规治疗>疏血通注射液+常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗>舒血宁注射液+常规治疗>丹参注射液+常规治疗>冠心宁注射液+常规治疗>灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>血栓通注射液+常规治疗>瓜蒌皮注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗；对心电图改善总有效率排序为疏血通注射液+常规治疗>香丹注射+常规治疗>痰热清注射液+常规治疗>刺五加注射液+常规治疗>血栓通注射液+常规治疗>灯盏花素注射液+常规治疗>血塞通注射+常规治疗>舒血宁注射液+常规治疗>冠心宁注射液+常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗>灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>瓜蒌皮注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗>生脉注射液+常规治疗；对不良反应发生率排序为灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>香丹注射液+常规治疗>丹参注射液+常规治疗>灯盏花素注射液+常规治疗>生脉注射液+常规治疗>舒血宁注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗>瓜蒌皮注射液+常规治疗>冠心宁注射液+常规治疗>疏血通注射+常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗>刺五加注射液+常规治疗，对减少纤维蛋白原（FIB）排序为灯盏花素注射液+常规治疗>疏血通注射液+常规治疗>血塞通注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗；对降低C反应蛋白（CRP）排序为丹参注射液+常规治疗>灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>血栓通注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗；对降低超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）排序为舒血宁注射液+常规治疗>苦碟子注射液+常规治疗>疏血通注射液+常规治疗>灯盏细辛注射液+常规治疗>瓜蒌皮注射液+常规治疗>痰热清注射液+常规治疗>血塞通注射液+常规治疗>常规治疗。亚组分析结果与整体Meta分析基本一致。结论 在常规治疗基础上联合中药注射液可改善心绞痛发作及心电图情况，同时对FIB，CRP，hs-CRP均有不同程度的改善。然而，由于不同中药注射液纳入研究的质量和数量存在差异，临床应用时应结合具体情况。     

出院计划对脑卒中患者及其照顾者干预效果的系统评价

目的系统评价出院计划对脑卒中患者及其照顾者的干预效果。方法计算机检索建库至2016年3月公开发表在Pub Med、MEDLINE(Ovid)、CINAHL、The Cochrane Library、CNKI、万方、CBM等数据库的文献,收集所有出院计划对比常规出院护理应用于脑卒中患者的随机对照试验及半随机对照试验。由2名研究者按照纳入和排除标准,独立进行数据提取和文献评价。采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入15篇文献,相较于常规出院护理,出院计划能缩短脑卒中患者的住院时长[MD=-4.79,95%(-6.95,-2.63),Z=4.35,P0.000 1],改善其出院3个月内的自理能力[MD=9.03,95%(1.73,16.33),Z=2.42,P=0.02]及提高护理满意度[OR=1.99,95%(1.20,3.30),Z=2.66,P=0.008],但照顾者负荷及护理满意度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论出院计划对脑卒中患者的实施效果优于常规出院护理,可减少患者住院时间,提高患者的自理能力及护理满意度,是一种可行的临床护理模式。