单味中药对黑素细胞黏附和迁移的影响

目的　探讨单味中药乙醇提取物对体外培养黑素细胞黏附、迁移的影响。方法　 14味中药分别用 70 %乙醇提取 ,正常人黑素细胞来自包皮环切术切取的包皮 ,用包被纤维连接蛋白的 48孔培养板检测黑素细胞黏附 ,用微孔膜研究黑素细胞迁移。结果　丹参、菟丝子和红花的乙醇提取物可促进黑素细胞黏附 ,刺蒺藜和黄芪可促进黑素细胞迁移 ,而补骨脂、女贞子和白芷可同时促进黑素细胞黏附和迁移。结论　丹参、菟丝子、红花、刺蒺藜、黄芪、补骨脂、女贞子和白芷可能通过增加黑素细胞黏附和 /或改变迁移途径对白癜风产生治疗作用     

个体化培养自体黑素细胞移植治疗白癜风

目的 探讨使用个体化培养基进行自体黑素细胞培养移植治疗白癜风的疗效。方法 负压吸疱获取患者正常表皮片,制成细胞悬液,在Hu16黑素细胞选择性培养基中培养。检测黑素细胞分裂时间（DOT）和黑素含量,根据DOT的大小、黑素含量和细胞形态,调整血清、细胞因子浓度及补充内皮素-1,进行个体化黑素细胞培养。经2 ~ 5次传代后收集黑素细胞,白斑区用超脉冲CO2激光磨削后进行黑素细胞移植,随访观察复色效果。结果 共治疗155例稳定期白癜风患者的204处皮损,进行1次移植119例,进行2 ~ 4次移植36例。应用个体化黑素细胞培养后细胞扩增可达50 ~ 80倍。84.80%的皮损复色面积超过50%,其中52.94%的皮损复色面积超过90%,且复色均匀,未见瘢痕及其他不良反应。性别、年龄、病程长短和皮损面积大小对疗效没有影响。节段型白癜风移植疗效好于寻常型白癜风,两组有效率分别为93.62%和82.16%,痊愈率分别为65.96%和49.04%。手臂和腿部的皮损（不包括肘部和膝盖）移植后痊愈率达73.08%,疗效好于躯干、面颈;肢端皮损疗效最差,痊愈率仅为25.93%。结论 个体化培养技术能提高白癜风患者黑素细胞的培养成功率与细胞扩增倍数。体外培养的自体黑素细胞移植治疗稳定期白癜风疗效肯定,用少量供皮区即可治疗大面积皮损,值得临床应用。     

The occurrence of cutaneous nerve endings and neuropeptides in vitiligo vulgaris: a case-control study

Pioneering studies both in humans and animals have demonstrated an association between the peripheral nervous system and epidermal melanocyte destruction. The presence of certain neuropeptides and neuronal structural markers in peripheral nerve fibres was investigated in involved and uninvolved vitiligo skin and compared with normal healthy skin. A group of 18 vitiligo vulgaris patients and matched healthy volunteers participated in the investigation. The indirect immunofluorescence technique was employed. There was a tendency for a reduction in the number and intensity of low affinity (p75) nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactive (NGFr-IR) basal keratinocytes in involved vitiliginous skin (P<0.06) compared with control skin, while the number of NGFr-IR nerve fibres was significantly increased (P<0.01). The number of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-IR nerve fibres in the epidermis and papillary dermis was dramatically increased in involved skin as compared with control skin (P<0.01) and with uninvolved skin (P<0.05). No clear difference could be found in the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-IR nerve fibres. A different structural appearance of the peripheral nervous system as well as a changed balance of neuropeptides in vitiliginous skin point to a critical role of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Work was supported by funds from the Medical Faculty of the Karolinska Institute     

FK506对培养的人黑素瘤细胞增殖及黑素合成的影响

目的探讨FK506对人黑素瘤细胞增殖及黑素合成的影响。方法体外人A375黑素瘤细胞培养,MTT法测定FK506对黑素瘤细胞增殖的影响,NaOH法测定FK506对黑素合成的影响。结果浓度为101~102nmol/L的FK506对黑素瘤细胞增殖无影响,103~104nmol/L的FK506对黑素瘤细胞增殖有抑制作用,但是101~104nmol/L的FK506对黑素瘤细胞的黑素合成均有促进作用,其中以101~103nmol/L的FK506对黑素合成的促进作用最为显著。结论FK506能够直接促进培养的黑素瘤细胞的黑素合成。     

Treatment of post-burn leucoderma with non-cultured melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation (MKTP)

Introduction

Deep burns often result in hypo-pigmentation, referred to as leucoderma which has a similar psychosocial impact on the patients as that of vitiligo. Several tissue grafting methods have been reported to treat post-burn leucoderma.

Methods

A simple method consisting of harvesting a donor skin sample, preparation of an epidermal cell suspension and the transplantation of the cell suspension on to a dermabraded recipient area, was performed in a clean procedure room. No special laboratory set-up was used for the cell separation procedure. Patients were treated with 18 sessions of excimer laser starting 1 month post-operatively, to hasten the repigmentation.

Observation

Of the 10 patients treated with MKTP, 3 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 7 patients showed repigmentation ranging from 90% to 100% with good color matching.

Conclusion

MKTP is an effective method to treat post-burn leucoderma. No special precautions are required to treat any anatomical site or uneven scarred surface.     

Determinants of melanocyte density in adult human skin

Abstract The distribution of melanocytes in human skin has been observed to vary within and among individuals, yet little is known of the factors that determine the density of these pigment cells. These factors were explored in a molecular epidemiological study conducted among a population-based sample of 97 male subjects aged over 50 years in Queensland, Australia. Information relating to environmental and phenotypic factors was collected through face-to-face interviews and physical examination of all participants. In addition, 2-mm biopsies of representative skin were taken from the dorsum of the hand and another anatomical site. Melanocytes were identified by cytoplasmic staining with the B8G3 (anti-TRP1) monoclonal antibody using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Melanocyte counts were performed blind by two observers. On crude analysis, melanocyte density decreased with advancing age (P = 0.0002), and increased with increasing number of naevi (P = 0.01). Other pigmentary characteristics (such as hair and eye colour and depth of tan) were not associated with epidermal melanocyte density. Melanocyte density varied significantly by anatomical site (P = 0.02), with highest densities observed on the back/shoulders (n = 50, 17.1 ± 8.8 cells/mm, mean ± SD) followed by the upper limbs (n = 11, 12.6 ± 8.8 cells/mm) and lower limbs (n = 14, 14.4 ± 5.9 cells/mm). Lowest melanocyte densities were recorded on the anterior trunk (n = 3, 3.2 ± 2.4 cells/mm). These findings confirm the results of earlier studies in which site-specific differences in melanocyte density have been found. We speculate that the unequal distribution of melanocytes may partially explain the site-specific incidence of melanoma, offering fresh perspectives on the aetiology of this cancer. Received: 21 January 1999 / Received after revision: 26 May 1999 / Accepted: 27 May 1999     

Ultrastructure of oesophageal melanocytosis

Summary Four examples of an endoscopically detected oesophageal melanotic lesion were examined by light microscopy, light microscope histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, and were compared with 13 control samples of normal oesophageal epithelium. By light microscopy, pigmented melanocytes lacking atypia and mitoses were observed amongst the keratinocytes in the basal layer of the oesophageal mucosa. Junctional activity was absent. The mechanism of pigmentation was studied and found to consist of: an increase in the number of melanocytes in the basal layer of the mucosa, an increase in the quantity of melanin in these melanocytes, transfer of melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes and to macrophages and fibroblasts in the tunica propria. Since all the lesions demonstrated increased numbers of both melanocytes and melanosomes, the term oesophagealmelanocytosis rather thanmelanosis is suggested, to emphasise the essential character of the lesion as a cellular proliferation. The value of sampling these pigmented lesions during endoscopy is emphasised as a means of obtaining well-preserved material for the evaluation of a lesion which some authorities have viewed as a possible precursor for oesophageal malignant melanoma.     

Wnt10b Promotes Differentiation of Mouse Hair Follicle Melanocytes

Previous research has revealed that Wnt10b activates canonical Wnt signaling, which is integral to melanocyte differentiation in hair follicles (HFs). However, the function of Wnt10b in HF melanocytes remains poorly understood. We determined using Dct-LacZ transgenic mice that Wnt10b is mainly expressed near and within melanocytes of the hair bulbs during the anagen stage of the hair cycle. We also found that Wnt10b promotes an increase in melanocyte maturation and pigmentation in the hair bulbs of the mouse HF. To further explore the potential functions of Wnt10b in mouse HF melanocytes, we infected iMC23 cells with Ad-Wnt10b to overexpress Wnt10b. We demonstrated that Wnt10b promotes the differentiation of melanocytes by activating canonical Wnt signaling in melanocytes.     

浮萍、紫丹参醇提取物对体外培养的黑素细胞生长的影响

目的研究浮萍、紫丹参乙醇提取物对体外培养的人黑素细胞生长的影响.方法通过测定黑素细胞酪氨酸酶活性、黑素含量及细胞增殖情况,了解药物浓度和黑素细胞生长的关系.结果浮萍、紫丹参醇提取物浓度在0～250μg/mL时对黑素细胞促生长作用明显,且呈剂量依赖关系.结论中药浮萍、紫丹参对体外黑素细胞促增殖作用显著.