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51.
Lourenço T. Higa Luiza Tsuneto João L. Garcia Ana L. Falavigna-Guilherme 《Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene》2010,104(6):400-405
We evaluated anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM-reactive pregnant women seen at a high-risk pregnancy outpatient clinic. From March 2005 to January 2008 in Paraná, Brazil, pregnant women seen by the Brazilian Public Health System, in any gestational period, who were anti-T. gondii IgM-positive, were followed. Clinical symptoms were noted, and tests performed including IgA, IgG avidity, ultrasonogram, and amniocentesis (PCR/inoculation in mice). Of 75 patients, 8 showed low, 3 intermediate and 31 high IgG avidity. Of those who underwent the avidity test, 31 (70.5%) were in the second trimester of pregnancy. Thirty-two (42.7%) pregnant women received specific treatment. Six received triple combination treatment; in three, tachyzoites were isolated, although only one was PCR-positive, showing changes in the cerebral sonogram, borderline IgA, and the Sabin tetrad. One fetus died, and one non-reactive IgM pregnant woman showed ocular recurrence. The municipality of residence, contact with cats during adulthood, and ingestion of unpasteurized milk were shown to be important risk factors. Congenital toxoplasmosis was observed in a pregnancy referred late for treatment. Follow-up of children born to mothers with diagnosed or suspected acute toxoplasmosis is crucial in the management of the changes that toxoplasmosis may cause. 相似文献
52.
目的 :通过探讨梗阻性黄疸临床指征 ,了解其病程中的高危因素。并及时降低并发症及死亡率 ,提高临床疗效。方法 :对我科 1993年— 2 0 0 0年收治的 2 92例梗阻性黄疸病人进行性分析 ,统计年龄、梗阻时间、性质、手术时间 ,入院 2 4小时内测尿素氮 (BUN)、白蛋白 (A)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白细胞 (WBC)、血红素 (HB)、腹水 ,分析其高危因素。结果 :年龄 >6 5岁并发症发生率为2 5 .2 0 % ,病死率 3.2 5 % ;梗阻时间超过 2 0天以上者 ,并发症 2 8.87% ,病死率 5 .15 % ;肝功能Child氏B级、C级者 ,并发症发生率为 2 9.2 0 % ,病死率为 5 .31% ,延期手术并发症发生率为 2 9.4 1% ,病死率为 4 .90 %。结论 :梗阻性黄疸病人年龄越大 ,梗阻时间越长 ,肝功能越差 ,不及时手术是各种并发症发生及病死率增高的高危因素 相似文献
53.
Longitudinal research studies focused on alcohol use initiation in adolescence were reviewed to determine which variables function as antecedent predictors or risk factors. Only studies that focused on time-1 abstainers were included. Classes of risk factors examined include sociodemographic, family, peer, personality, and behavioral variables. The most consistent antecedent risk factors for starting to drink in adolescence were parental and peer approval and models for drinking and drug use as well as adolescents’ own prior involvement in delinquent behavior. There was little evidence for gender differences in risk factors for alcohol use initiation. Secondary analyses of existing longitudinal data sets are encouraged to examine whether there are ethnic/racial differences in the risk factors for starting to drink and to establish those factors that serve a protective or buffering function, delaying onset of alcohol use in adolescence. 相似文献
54.
K. C. Lødrup Carlsen M. Løvik B. Granum P. Mowinckel K. H. Carlsen 《Pediatric allergy and immunology》2006,17(4):304-312
The endotoxin receptor soluble CD14 (sCD14) has been implicated in the 'hygiene hypothesis' suggesting reduced allergic sensitization with bacterial stimulation. However, the relationship between early life sCD14 and allergic diseases is conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether possible risk factors for allergic diseases were associated with sCD14 levels at 2 yr of age. In the nested case-control study of the birth cohort studies 'Environment and Childhood Asthma study in Oslo' 411 children selected with recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) (n=241) and no bronchial obstruction (n=170) by 2 yr were investigated with skin prick test and structured parental interview at age 2 yr. Exposure to tobacco smoke, pets and infections was recorded semi-annually by questionnaires (0-2 yr). The sCD14 was analysed from frozen, stored serum by ELISA technique. Regression analyses were performed in all subjects with complete data (n=406, 180 girls), and in girls and in boys separately. Mean sCD14 (ng/ml) was significantly higher among girls 2035 (1973-2096) vs. 1947 (1890-2004) (boys). The sCD14 was significantly reduced among girls exposed to antenatal maternal smoking and with parental asthma, after adjusting for age, parental rhino-conjunctivitis, pet keeping and childhood infections. Recurrent otitis media (OM) increased and common colds significantly decreased sCD14 levels in girls. Boys with atopic dermatitis and rBO had reduced sCD14. Pet exposure was not significantly associated with sCD14. We report novel gender-related effects of sCD14 in early life and suggest that gender, tobacco smoke exposure, age and middle ear disease in particular should be accounted for when assessing the role of sCD14 in childhood allergic diseases. 相似文献
55.
国人C型肝性脑病发病诱因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的了解国人C型肝性脑病发病诱因及相关因素。方法对国内已经发表的11个研究样本(患者总样本量1131例)进行综合分析。结果在9类纳入统计分析的诱因中:消化道出血占43.8%、各种感染占33.9%、电解质紊乱占29.1%、医源性因素占28.2%、饮食不节占14.2%、肾功能衰竭占13.0%,分居前6位,另外腹泻占2.4%,便秘占1.8%,原因未明/无占2.7%。其中医源性因素按照发生频率依次为:大量利尿和/或放腹水占14.5%、手术/创伤占6.0%,药物占4.5%,输血/输复合氨基酸占3.2%。结论警惕肝性脑病多种诱因的存在,尤其不能忽视医源性因素。按照发病概率积极寻找并消除诱因,对于改善顸后尤为重要。 相似文献
56.
57.
小学生个性影响因素研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
【目的】分析影响儿童个性的有关因素,为培养儿童的健全人格提供依据。【方法】对西安市所属的七个区各随机抽取一所学校,每所学校抽取四、五、六年级各两个班.采用龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)(儿童用)和自编的个人一般情况调查表,对2000名儿童进行调查。将调查所得数椐进行多元逐步回归分析。【结果】影响小学生个性精神性(Psy choticism,P)的因素有性别、是否班干部、父母关系;影响内外向(extrovision and intrnision,E)的因素有性别、父母关系、是否班干部、住所、母亲文化程度、所在学校;影响情绪稳定性(nearoticism,N)、掩饰性(lie,L)的均为性别、父母关系2个因素。【结论】儿童个性受家庭、学校环境等的多重影响。家长、教师应创造良好的家庭、社会环境,保持情绪乐观、稳定,避免对子女儿童的负面影响,以利于其个性向积极方向发展。 相似文献
58.
应用鸡卵清蛋白致敏和刺激小鼠复制过敏性气道炎症反应模型研究血小板激活因子选择性拮抗剂YM-264对抗原引起气道嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)浸润的影响。结果发现,正常小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中未见到EOS;致敏小鼠给予抗原多次反复吸入刺激后,BALF中EOS急剧增多。在YM-264治疗各组中,YM-264的不同剂量分别导致EOS数下降27.0%、48.2%及67.9%。还发现YM-264抑制EOS对气道的浸润伴随着白细胞介素(IL)-5水平的明显下降。提示YM-264通过抑制IL-5的产生从而抑制了EOS在气道的聚集。 相似文献
59.
60.
Anne T. Berg Shlomo Shinnar‡§ Eugene D. Shapiro Morton E. Salomon‡ Ellen F. Crain‡ W. Allen Hauser§ 《Epilepsia》1995,36(4):334-341
Summary We conducted a matched casecontrol study to identify risk factors for first febrile seizures, with special emphasis on characteristics of the acute illness episode. Cases were identified through hospital emergency departments; controls were identified through outpatient clinics and emergency departments. Sixtynine children with first febrile seizures and no history of previous unprovoked seizures were matched for age (±6 months), site of routine pediatric care, and date of visit (±weeks) with 1 or 2 febrile controls who had no history of previous febrile or unprovoked seizures. Medical records for the index visit were reviewed, and parents were interviewed by telephone. Illness characteristics examined included height of temperature, type of underlying illness, contact with a physician during the illness but before the index visit, and use of acetaminophen or decongestants. Family history of febrile and of unprovoked seizures, sociodemographic characteristics, daycare use, and selected preand perinatal variables were also studied. On multivariable analysis, significant independent risk factors were height of temperature, history of febrile seizures in a firstor in a higher degree relative. Gastroenteritis as the underlying illness had a significant inverse (i.e., protective) association with febrile seizures. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was a marginally significant predictor of febrile seizures. 相似文献