Implications of the 2018 Canadian Cannabis Act: Should regulation differ for medicinal and non-medicinal cannabis use?⋆

The regulatory framework for access to medical cannabis has been established in Canada since 2001, with the number of patients seeking access growing substantially over the years. With the novel enactment of the Cannabis Act in October 2018, Canada now maintains two distinct mechanisms for accessing cannabis - one for medical cannabis and the other for non-medical cannabis. With two regulatory access mechanisms in place, questions have arisen in the country as to the necessity of maintaining regulatory separation and the integrity of the medical access framework. A single framework would remove the gate-keeping function that the medical profession currently holds, streamlining processes and simplifying the current regulatory landscape. This approach has been advocated for by the Canadian Medical Association, despite objections from multiple stakeholders. Critical questions arise should the medical access framework be dissolved into a single, non medical-based regulatory framework. Insurance coverage, control mechanisms, market incentives, and patient obligations represent some examples of these issues. This paper will expand upon these considerations and highlight why maintaining two separate access mechanismss best serves the Canadian public. As medicinal cannabis continues to be liberated in international jurisdictions, this paper can help to illuminate the current status of medical cannabis in Canada, and provide insights to those from other countries on our current approach and domestic challenges.     

试论医德的规范化建设

随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的逐步深入,人们的思想观念发生新的矛盾和冲突。为此,必须进一步进行医德的规范化建设,通过教育、管理、法律一体化建设,使医德达到医心赤诚、医术精湛、医纪严肃、医风正派、医行端正、合作精诚的规范化标准。     

医学大学生对医德认知的调查研究

采用抽样研究方法,对４３８名不同专业、不同层次的大学生进行了医德认知调查,以了解大学生对医德基本知识掌握的情况,结果表明,大学生对开设医学伦理学课必要性认识均率为６２．９％,课外经常阅读医德书籍均率为２２．７５％,对中外基德发展史各朝代典型的人物及代表作了解的均率为３１．１％,文中对调查结果进行了分析。     

Breast-Conserving therapy: Experience of the breast cancer research group of Tokyo women’s medical college

Conclusion  We are morally obligated to select therapies which are maximally beneficial for patients. Promoting or discouraging the use of a particular treatment modality, such as BCT, should never be a consideration. To meet this goal, our society must establish guidelines as a part of comprehensive policy. The specialist system, launched under the auspices of the specialist system committee, will hopefully lead to further development of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society.