Traumatic injuries of the abdominal aorta.

Despite immediate operation, patients with abdominal aortic injuries and profound hypovolemic shock do not respond to the usual methods of resuscitation and die soon after celiotomy, prior to control and repair of the aortic injury. The rate of aortic hemorrhage exceeds the ability to restore blood volume. Shock becomes "irreversible." In such patients tamponade of the aortic injury may be effected by the use of an external counterpressure device such as a G-suit or MAST suit. These devices, used in conjunction with transthoracic aortic occlusion, may raise blood pressure sufficiently to perfuse the sritical coronary and cerebral circulation, allowing time to correct acidosis and locate, control, and repair the aortic injury. Early aggressive therapy should result in increased survival.     

Prosthetic arteriovenous fistula for vascular access in hemodialysis.

Vascular access through subcutaneous prosthetic arteriovenous fistulas was studied in eighteen dogs. Dacron velour and woven Dacron grafts (6 mm diameter) were constructed across the lower abdomen between the common femoral artery and the opposite common femoral vein. In heparinized animals 197 percutaneous punctures were made with a "14 guage hemodialysis cannula at weekly intervals. Over a period of one and a half years there was no instance of infection. One of the fourteen Dacron velous and all four woven Dacron fistulas thrombosed. These data suggested the feasibility of achieving repetitive blood access through Dacron velour vascular prostheses. Nineteen Dacron velour fistula bypasses between the brachial artery and median basilic vein were performed in fifteen selected patients for a total dialysis period of ninety-six months. Failed standard subcutaneous fistulas or absence of suitable vessels in the upper extremity were indications for the primary procedure. Of three looped forearm fistulas, two thrombosed at twenty-two and two months. Complications among sixteen straight bypasses in the arm included two graft infections and one cannula tract infection. There were no instances of thrombosis in this group. The advantages of single needle dialysis in these high risk patients have been emphasized. Eleven grafts are presently functioning two to nine months postoperatively. Our preliminary results suggest that a Dacron velour fistula merits consideration as an alternative for vascular access in maintenance hemodialysis.     

骨科下肢侧卧位手术牵引架的研制及临床应用

目的研制并临床验证一种简便、实用、灵活、科学的骨科下肢侧卧位手术牵引架.方法1999年1月～2003年1月采用本手术设备共进行了51例均在侧卧位状态下进行的手术;其中股骨粗隆间骨折23例、股骨粗隆下骨折4例,行DHS22例、Gamma钉5例;股骨中下段骨折24例,行股骨交锁钉3例、梅花钉3例、LCDCP18例.结果采用本手术设备的手术情况是DHS、Gamma钉组的平均手术时间为51±19min、出血量为100士57ml,交锁钉组的手术时间为70±19min、出血量为312±94ml;与常规的仰卧位手术比较P＜0.01,同时方便C-臂X光机透视,尤其是侧位透视.此外,还可运用本手术设备进行股骨中下段骨折的其他各种内固定手术,牵引效能好,方便术区皮肤消毒及术中骨折复位.结论本骨科下肢侧卧位手术牵引架结构简单、零部件少、装卸容易、适应症广、操作方便、利于C-臂X光机透视,术中出血量少、损伤小、手术时间短,具有较好的实用型、先进性、科学性,值得临床推广应用.     

三黄软膏皮肤用药毒性实验研究

为观察三黄软膏药物外用的安全性 ,进行了动物完整皮肤及破损皮肤长期接触三黄软膏 ,经皮肤渗透对局部及全身产生的毒性和反应的恢复程度 ,用三黄软膏 2g·kg-1、10g·kg-1剂量 (分别相当于 6 0kg人临床用量的 10、5 0倍 )连续对家用兔外用给药4周及停药恢复性观察 2周。结果表明给药期动物的皮肤状况、全身症状、行为活动、摄食、粪便性状、体重增长、血液学均未见明显的毒性反应 ,而高剂量组动物血液生化指标AST、ALT明显增高 ,病理组织学检查时肝水肿明显 ,可见有一定的毒性反应 ;停药期动物的血液生化指标AST、ALT肝组织病理组织学检查恢复正常 ,其他各项指标均未见明显的毒性反应 ,可见该毒性反应是可逆恢复的。表明三黄软膏在临床用药范围内连续使用是比较安全的。     

黄芪注射液临床应用进展

目的：对黄芪注射液临床应用及其疗效进行综述。方法：通过查阅近期国内部分期刊杂志，对黄芪注射液在肺心病、老年肺结核、脑中风、冠心病、流行性出血热、病毒性心肌炎、甲亢、肝病及肾病等临床应用新进展进行综述。结果：黄芪注射液辅助治疗上述疾病疗效满意。结论：黄芪注射液是治疗心脑血管疾病、肾病、肝病等的有效药物。     

电位滴定法的计算原理及Excel软件应用

阐述了电位滴定法的计算原理以及Excel软件在电位滴定数据处理中的应用。     

Hemodialysis in elderly patients

International Urology and Nephrology -     

电子病历书写的质量管理与对策

目的 探讨和总结电子病历（Eleetronic Medical Record,EMR)使用中医生记录的质量控制方法。方法 对EMR中医生记录进行质量分析，找出存在的常见主观性和客观性错误，采用软件设计与建立管理制度的方法提高质量。结果 通过改进软件设计和建立健全规章制度可以达到EMR质量控制。     

医学论文英文标题及摘要的常见句式

介绍了英文标题及摘要的常见句式。     

Changes in patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and regurgitation with St. Jude Medical cardiac valves

In this study, we analyzed the extent and pattern of regression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and compared the results with those of another group of patients with aortic regurgitation (AR). Seventy patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was comprised of 29 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis, and Group 2 of 41 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. A third group of 10 healthy subjects served as a healthy control group. Echocardiographic studies were done before the operation and 5 years postoperatively. At follow-up, a significant reduction in the left ventricular mass was found in both groups, but it remained significantly greater than in the healthy control group. The ratio of LV wall thickness to radius (th/r) in Group 1 decreased significantly, and at follow-up it was within the normal value. In Group 2, the th/r ratio increased, and at follow-up it was within the normal value. After aortic valve replacement, the wall thickness remained significantly greater than normal for patients with AS, and the chamber radius remained significantly greater than normal for patients with AR. For these reasons, LV hypertrophy still existed in both groups at postoperative follow-up. The actuarial survival rate was 85.3% at 16 years for Group 1 and 83.4% at 18 years for Group 2. There was no significant difference in the long-term survival rates between the 2 groups. Actuarial freedom from valve-related events was 91.9% at 16 years for Group 1 and 82% at 18 years for Group 2. There was no significant difference in the valve-related event free curves between groups. After 5 years of follow-up, th/r reached normal for both groups, indicating remodeling of the LV geometry after aortic valve replacement.