葛根芩连汤及其合方治疗急性胃肠炎研究进展

急性胃肠炎指胃肠黏膜急性炎症,多表现为腹泻、腹痛、呕吐、发热等,甚者可出现脱水、电解质紊乱、休克等,危及生命。其发病机制尚不完全清楚,认为可能与感染、炎症、肠道菌群、黏膜屏障、免疫功能等有关。现代医学治疗胃肠炎虽能控制病情,但易致胃肠损伤,存在不良反应。中医在提高疗效,降低不良反应方面有着独特的优势。急性胃肠炎属中医“泄泻”“霍乱”范畴,其中湿热内蕴型为其典型病机之一。葛根芩连汤出自《伤寒论》,是张机治疗湿热下利的经典方剂,具有清热化湿、厚肠止利之效。通过文献梳理发现,该方治疗胃肠炎的机制主要与防止病原体侵害、减少炎症反应、调节肠道菌群、改善黏膜屏障、抑制胃肠运动、增强免疫功能等有关。结合胃肠炎的发病机制,对葛根芩连汤的临床应用、作用机制等方面进行综述,以期为其临床治疗胃肠炎提供新依据。     

中医药治疗糖尿病肾病实验研究进展

糖尿病肾病（DN）是糖尿病常见慢性并发症之一,白蛋白尿和肾小球滤过率下降是目前糖尿病肾病诊断的重要临床指征。DN严重影响着患者的生命质量,尽早地干预糖尿病肾病的危险因素,纠正胰岛素代谢障碍导致的长期高血糖因素影响下的肾脏损伤,是有效阻止其进展为终末期肾脏疾病的关键。中医药秉持其特色理论取得了独特的治疗优势,随着中医药对于DN的认识与研究的加深,实验研究方面也取得了一定的进展。本文总结了中医研究DN动物模型的常用构建方法,同时从中医药调节免疫炎症反应、降低氧化应激水平、改善肾脏血流动力学改变、纠正糖脂代谢紊乱等机制方面列举分析中医药辨治糖尿病实验研究进展,探讨中医药防治DN的机制,以期对临床有所裨益。     

铅对小鼠肝肾毒作用的机理探讨

目的 :探讨铅对肝脏与肾脏的毒性机理 ,防治铅中毒。方法 :测定铅染毒小鼠的血清天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)和乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性、肝脏与肾脏脂质过氧化物 (LPO)值和肝、肾组织中铅、钙、铁、锌等浓度。结果 :染铅小鼠上述指标均明显高于对照组 ,铅具有明显的肝、肾毒性。结论 :脂质过氧化及钙、铁、锌等代谢障碍可能是铅引起肝肾损害的重要机理。     

Structure-activity relationships and conformational features of antiherpetic pyrimidine and purine nucleoside analogues. A review

A rational approach to the design of antiherpetic nucleoside analogues is based in part on the broad specificity ol virus- coded thymidine kinases. Herpes virus thymidine kinase activates many 5-substituted 2-deoxyuridines, analogues ol thymidinc (e.g., idoxuridine, trifluridine, edoxudine, brivudine), 5-substituted arabinofuranosyluracil derivatives (e.g., 5-Et-Ara-U, BV-Ara-U, Cl-Ara-U), acyclonucleosides of guanine (e.g., aciclovir, ganciclovir, penciclovir), and purine nucleosides with the penlafuranosyl ring replaced by a cyclobutane ring (e.g., cyclobut-G, cyclobut-A). Activation involves selective, and frequently regiospecific, phosphorylation ol these analogues to the 5-monophosphales. These are further phosphorylated by cellular enzymes to the 5-triphosphates, which are usually competitive inhibitors of the viral-coded DNA polymerases. Some analogues are also incorporated into viral, and to a lesser extent cellular, DNA. A recent, unusual, exception is human cytomegalovirus, which does not code for a thymidine kinase, but for a protein with the sequence characteristics of protein kinase and which phosphorylates ganciclovir to its 5-monophosphate. The interaction of the analogues with cellular catabolic enzymes such as uridine and thymidine nucleoside phosphorylases is also discussed, as is the relationship between physicochemical properties (configuration, conformation, electronic and hydrophobic parameters) and antiviral activities, with particular reference to those drugs that are licensed, or under consideration, for clinical use.     

右室性心动过速

本文主要综述了右室性心动过速的分类、发生机制、诊断、治疗与预后等内容。     

关于中医辛润法的理论思考

探讨辛润源流,剖析辛味药物,指出辛味药在整体上不具备润养功效,不应与能散、能行相提并论。若把辛润理解为个别药物的润养作用,有失辛润之旨,更无法选药组方应用于临床。因此,当把辛润立之为法,即辛润法。燥证的发病机制,是外燥邪气、痰饮瘀血、气郁邪阻而致津血运行输布障碍,形体失却濡养。辛润机制,赖其辛味行散之功,宣肺祛邪,散饮化瘀,行气除滞,疏通腠理,布津行血而实现     

Clonidine antinociceptive activity: Effects of drugs influencing central monoaminergic and cholinergic mechanisms in the rat

Summary Clonidine is able to increase the threshold for vocalisation during stimulation and the threshold for vocalisation after withdrawal of stimulus (vocalisation afterdischarge). These effects of clonidine were investigated after treatment of rats with drugs influencing central monoaminergic and cholinergic mechanisms.Chlorpromazine, atropine and p-chlorophenyl-alanine increased the activity of clonidine at both thresholds while phenoxybenzamine and reserpine pretreatment increased the activity at the threshold for vocalisation only.Yohimbine decreased clonidine activity at both thresholds while 5-HTP and -methyl-p-tyrosine decreased the effects at the threshold for vocalisation afterdischarge. Naloxone did not change the activity of clonidine at either pain response studied.It is concluded from the present findings that influence from several neuronal systems modulate the antinociceptive action of clonidine.The inhibition of the medullary nociceptive response after clonidine might be connected to a decreased activity of noradrenergic neurons. Endogenous noradrenaline seems to be of minor importance in mediating this effect. It is moreover shown that decreased cholinergic receptor activity enhances clonidine antinociceptive action on both medullary and diencephalic-rhinencephalic pain responses. The possible involvement of serotonin in these functional responses after clonidine is also discussed.Data from this investigation was presented at the International Narcotic Research Club Conference, Airlie, Va. 1975.     

卫生体制改革的目标与政策选择--国际卫生体制改革的经验与教训

引入市场机制,采取分权、分级与分类管理等政策与措施是当今国际卫生体制改革中的主流特点,由于各个国家的社会经济体制与卫生保健制度不同,这些改革政策与措施所产生的影响与效果也各具特色.因此,在深化我国卫生体制改革的进程中,借鉴国际卫生体制改革的经验与教训具有一定的现实意义.     

血管抑素的研究近况

综述了有关血管抑素及其受体、作用方式、影响作用的因素等问题的研究现状，并对其在肿瘤的治疗和新药开发中的意义进行了展望。     

双环醇抗病毒与保护肝细胞作用的动态观察和分析

目的：探讨双环醇抗病毒机制，为进一步研究和开发双环醇打下理论基础。方法：通过2．2．15细胞与双环醇混合培养，观察血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)用药后与HBsAg，HBeAg，乙型肝炎病毒中DNA(HBV—DNA)之间的动态变化，定量逆转录PCR(RT—PCR)观察CTAT—1变化；临床实验中，患口服双环醇，每2周观察血清HBV—DNA与ALT，AST动态变化。结果：细胞模型实验中，随着双环醇与2．2．15细胞混合培养时间延长，HBsAg，HBV—DNA滴度逐渐降低，而培养上清ALT，AST无明显变化，细胞内稳定高水平表达STAT—1的mRNA；临床实验发现，以干扰素α为对照，患血清ALT，AST可以随着HBV—DNA水平降低而下降，但未发现患血清ALT，AST有一过性升高。结论：双环醇在发挥肝细胞保护作用的同时．还可能通过非细胞溶解性机制清除乙型肝炎病毒。