IgE介导食物过敏和婴幼儿特应性皮炎的相关性研究

目的 探讨婴幼儿IgE介导的食物过敏和特应性皮炎(AD)的相关性.方法 选取2014年1月至2016年12月在济宁市第一人民医院皮肤科和儿科变态反应门诊确诊为AD的婴幼儿80例,年龄3个月至3岁.详细询问病史并填写食物过敏调查问卷,再行血清食物特异性IgE(sIgE)检测.除极高水平sIgE外,sIgE阳性患儿需要口服食物激发试验(OFCs),采用二元Logistic回归分析食物sIgE阳性分级对诊断食物过敏的影响.结果 26(32.50%)例AD患儿有食物过敏史或可疑食物过敏史.食物sIgE阳性38例,占总数的47.50%.不同程度的AD患儿在一种食物sIgE阳性和两种及以上食物sIgE阳性比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.88,P<0.05).其中极高水平sIgE(6级)5例.结合过敏史、sIgE阳性和OFCs,确诊食物过敏18例(鸡蛋12例、牛奶5例、鱼1例),总阳性率为22.50%.食物sIgE阳性分级越高,IgE介导的食物过敏发生率越高(Waldχ2=13.24,P<0.05,OR=2.81).结论 婴幼儿AD与IgE介导的食物过敏存在密切关联性.个人史和家族过敏史为诊断提供线索,sIgE分级为诊断提供有价值的参考,确诊需要OFCs.牛奶和鸡蛋是婴幼儿最常见的过敏原.     

陕南某县农村6~24月龄婴幼儿生长发育的调查研究

目的 探讨陕南某贫困县6~24月龄婴幼儿生长发育状况影响因素,为提高贫困地区婴幼儿健康水平,制定出合理的膳食方案提供科学依据.方法 2016年6至9月采用整群分层随机抽样方法对920名调查对象进行问卷调查及身高、体重体格测量.结果 随着月龄的增加,婴幼儿的生长发育不良发生率增高.6~24月龄男性婴幼儿低体重率高于女性婴幼儿(χ2=17.0,P<0.05),而男性婴幼儿消瘦率、超重率、肥胖率、生长发育迟缓率均低于女性婴幼儿(χ2值分别为8.0、14.0、4.0、11.0,均P<0.05).早产、低出生体重、婴幼儿出生两周呼吸系统疾病及腹泻、父母文化程度低、父母职业为农民、家庭总收入低等,都是婴幼儿低体重、生长发育迟缓,消瘦发生的危险因素.结论 陕南贫困农村地区6~24月龄婴幼儿存在比较严重生长发育迟缓问题,应提高农村地区儿童保健服务能力和儿童喂养知识水平.各级卫生医疗机构应该加强对婴幼儿的关注,减少婴幼儿生长发育不良的发生率.     

The Efficacy of Fish as an Early Complementary Food on the Linear Growth of Infants Aged 6–7 Months: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Fish is a good animal-source protein for growth and development. The main objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of fish during the early complementary feeding period on infants’ linear growth in the Samfya district of the Luapula Province of Zambia in 6 months randomised controlled trial. The study was conducted from April 2019 to January 2020. Infants aged 6–7 months (N = 238) were assigned to either the intervention (treatment) group or control (placebo) group to receive fish powder or sorghum powder, respectively. Participants were followed on a weekly basis to distribute the powder and record compliance/usage and any morbidities. Anthropometric measurements were taken monthly. A linear mixed-effects model showed that fish powder improved linear growth among infants over all the 6 months of the intervention period. The fish powder increased length-for-age z scores by 1.26 (95% CI: 0.94–1.57) and weight-for-age z score by 0.95 (95% CI 0.6–1.23). The addition of fish powder to the infant’s usual food during the early complementary feeding improves the infant’s linear growth outcome.     

Application of Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Postnatal Growth Failure in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

PurposeThe aims of the study were to develop and evaluate a machine learning model with which to predict postnatal growth failure (PGF) among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.Materials and MethodsOf 10425 VLBW infants registered in the Korean Neonatal Network between 2013 and 2017, 7954 infants were included. PGF was defined as a decrease in Z score >1.28 at discharge, compared to that at birth. Six metrics [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score] were obtained at five time points (at birth, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days after birth, and at discharge). Machine learning models were built using four different techniques [extreme gradient boosting (XGB), random forest, support vector machine, and convolutional neural network] to compare against the conventional multiple logistic regression (MLR) model.ResultsThe XGB algorithm showed the best performance with all six metrics across the board. When compared with MLR, XGB showed a significantly higher AUROC (p=0.03) for Day 7, which was the primary performance metric. Using optimal cut-off points, for Day 7, XGB still showed better performances in terms of AUROC (0.74), accuracy (0.68), and F1 score (0.67). AUROC values seemed to increase slightly from birth to 7 days after birth with significance, almost reaching a plateau after 7 days after birth.ConclusionWe have shown the possibility of predicting PGF through machine learning algorithms, especially XGB. Such models may help neonatologists in the early diagnosis of high-risk infants for PGF for early intervention.     

徐州市2007-2010年婴幼儿生长发育纵向监测研究

目的了解徐州市黄山社区婴幼儿生长发育的现状,发现婴幼儿生长发育中存在的问题,找出今后儿童保健工作的重点。方法对黄山社区2007年1月-2008年12月出生的474例婴幼儿进行生长发育纵向监测。结果得到了黄山社区0~3岁各月龄组男、女体重、身长的均值、标准差及体重、身长的增长值,与90年代比较,生长发育状况有所提高,与WHO标准值也基本一致。结论徐州市黄山社区0~3岁婴幼儿生长发育良好。     

发育性髋关节发育不良6 009例超声筛查结果分析

目的 了解苏州地区婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)发生率,探讨超声筛查在幼儿DDH诊断中的临床价值。方法 2018年1-12月在苏州市立医院儿童保健科经临床检查高度怀疑DDH的6 009例,共12 018个髋关节,采用Graf高频超声技术观察婴幼儿髋关节形态,测量 α、β 角并进行分型,对结果进行统计分析。结果 本次调查正常髋关节5 479例,DDH发病率为5.999%/(721/12 018),女性DDH的检出率高于男性(χ²=133.74,P<0.001)、左侧DDH的检出率高于右侧(χ²=12.22,P=0.002)。结论 超声检查能有效地评估幼儿髋关节的发育,是婴幼儿DDH早期筛查和随访的主要手段,为早期诊断、早期治疗起到了重要作用。     

婴幼儿肠道菌群的影响因素及其在肠道免疫中的作用

婴幼儿肠道菌群自定植起,随着年龄增长,需历经多次改变才能最终形成微生物稳态。本文主要介绍婴幼儿肠道菌群受分娩阶段、喂养方法、饮食结构、生活环境、疾病因素、药物使用后发生的改变,及其在肠道免疫功能形成中发挥的重要作用。     

NICU早产儿PICC导管相关血流感染高危因素的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析客观地确定NICU早产儿PICC导管相关血流感染的主要高危因素,为预防早产儿PICC导管相关血流感染提供一定的循证证据支持。方法 在线检索CNKI、万方、维普、Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMBASE等数据库,检索年限从各数据库建库起始至2019年1月,有关公开发表的早产儿PICC导管相关血流感染高危因素的文献,由两名研究员独立完成文献筛选、质量评价及资料提取,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 经筛选共纳入10篇文献（中文1篇,英文9篇）进行Meta分析。胎龄＜32周(OR=0.26, 95%CI:0.10~0.66),出生体重＜750g(OR=0.53, 95%CI:0.41~0.69),股三角部位置管(OR=1.67, 95%CI:1.31~2.11),置管耗时≥60min(OR=0.61, 95%CI:0.38~0.97),留置管时间≥30天(OR=2.41, 95%CI:1.75~3.31),留置CVC导管数量≥2个(OR=0.21, 95%CI:0.17~0.25)是高危因素。结论 胎龄愈小、出生体重越低、经股三角部位置管、置管耗时和导管留置时间越长、留置多个CVC导管是早产儿PICC置管后发生导管相关血流感染的高危因素,医护人员可采取有效预防措施,降低导管相关血流感染的发生率。     

大鼠Myostatin蛋白成熟肽的原核表达及纯化

目的:利用谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)融合蛋白表达系统在大肠杆菌中表达纯化Myostatin成熟肽。方法:应用RT-PCR从大鼠的腓肠肌mRNA中逆转录扩增Myostatin成熟肽编码序列,克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-4T1中,IPTG诱导其在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,采用Western-blot用抗-GST抗体验证融合蛋白表达。融合蛋白经Glutathione-agarose色谱纯化。结果:PCR扩增的Myostatin基因序列与GenBank数据库中的序列一致;30°C,0.1mmol/LIPTG诱导16小时,GST-Myostatin融合蛋白获得优化表达,表达效率为25%;Western-blot证实融合蛋白的特异性表达。结论:成功构建融合蛋白GST-Myostatin重组基因,并在大肠杆菌中获得有效表达,为Myostatin抗体的制备及进一步研究该蛋白的功能奠定基础。