血液灌流对维持性血透患者微炎症和营养不良的影响

目的：观察血液灌流对尿毒症血液透析患者微炎症和营养不良的影响。方法：选择维持性血液透析患者46例,随机分为两组：血液灌流联合血液透析组（HD＋唧组）24例和单纯血液透析组（m组）22例,分别于治疗前、治疗3个月后采血检测C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白（TF）、血红蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐等生化指标;使用改良定量主观整体评估法（MQSGA）评估营养状况;健康人16例作为对照组。结果：两组患者血CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,两组之间各因子水平无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;两组患者均存在营养不良,两组之间营养不良发生率无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。HD＋HP治疗后各因子水平较治疗前显著降低（P〈0．01）。营养不良发生率显著下降,MQSGA评分显著降低（P〈0．01）;HD组治疗前后无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：血透患者存在着微炎症状态和营养不良,血液灌流可有效清除炎症介质,改善营养状况,降低营养不良的发生率。     

影响卒中后患者营养不良相关因素的研究

目的 调查社区医院住院的卒中后患者营养不良的检出率以探讨影响恢复期卒中患者营养不良的相关因素.方法 采用横断面研究,以438例社区医院住院的卒中后患者为研究对象,记录营养学评定指标及可能导致营养不良的相关因素.结果 438例卒中后患者营养不良的检出率达52.7%;多因素logistic回归分析显示:卒中次数越多、美国国立卫生研究院卒中评分及Rankin残障量表评分分值越高,检出营养不良的风险越大(趋势检验P<0.0001),营养不良的风险还与卒中后抑郁、家庭照料差、未进行早期康复及大量饮酒史相关.结论 社区医院卒中后患者营养不良检出率高、影响因素多,关注卒中后患者营养状况的可控因素有利于卒中预后.     

Context-specific food-based approach for ensuring nutrition security in developing countries: a review

Sustainable food strategies for meeting nutrient needs in developing countries are not well established. The available evidence shows that more than one-third of the world’s population is facing under-nutrition, of which the most affected individuals are children and mothers from poor countries. In most developing countries, losses resulting from malnutrition are between 3 and 16% of the gross domestic product. This burden is far larger than the donor-driven and government programmes can tackle alone. As such, an innovative approach, which is independent and not donor-based, is needed to reduce the burden of malnutrition in low-income countries. In this review, we describe a context specific food-based approach for addressing malnutrition in developing countries. The approach deploys the hybrid public–private delivery model that enables cost sharing and efficiency gains in resource-poor countries. The model influences players to consider consumers’ perspectives, which often are neglected and truly engage them as key stakeholders.     

结直肠癌患者营养不良的危险因素分析及营养支持研究

目的探讨结直肠癌患者营养不良的危险因素和营养支持状况,为临床合理开展营养支持提供参考。方法采用定点连续抽样法选取2014年10月~2017年9月我院收治的结直肠癌患者600例,于入院次日清晨采用营养风险筛查2002(NRS2002)进行营养风险评估,分析不同性别、年龄患者营养风险状况以及营养风险与营养支持之间的关系。结果共有600例患者入选并完成NRS评分,NRS2002适用率为100.00%;入院时患者营养不良发生率为6.17%(37/600),营养风险发生率为22.67%(136/600),营养不良患者营养风险发生率为100.00%,显著高于无营养不良患者营养风险发生率(P0.05);男性患者营养风险发生率显著低于女性(P0.05);老年患者营养风险发生率显著高于非老年患者(P0.05);600例患者中行营养支持205例(34.17%),存在营养风险者营养支持率显著高于不存在营养风险者(P0.05)。结论结直肠癌患者营养不良、营养风险的发生率较高,尤其是老年女性患者;NRS2002是结直肠癌患者营养风险筛查的有效工具,可作为临床制定营养支持方案的依据。     

224例住院肝病患者营养风险的调查

目的调查住院肝病患者营养风险及营养不良发生率,为节约医疗开支提供参考。方法采用营养风险筛查(NRS 2002)表对224例住院肝病患者进行营养风险筛查,用主观全面评估(SGA)其营养不良状况,同时检测患者的体质量指数、白蛋白、前白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、微量元素、血脂、凝血功能以及住院天数、住院花费。结果住院肝病患者的营养风险总发生率37.1%,营养不良发生率为23.2%。营养风险及营养不良率随着疾病严重程度而增高。有营养风险组较无营养风险组的平均住院天数延长,住院花费增多,并发症的发生率高。城镇与农村地区患者的营养状况、住院天数及花费无明显差异。结论住院肝病患者存在较高比例的营养风险及营养不良,经NRS2002和SGA评估营养状况差的患者病情严重,住院费用较高,需要积极进行营养支持治疗。     

Estado nutricional,obesidad y eventos en pacientes con fibrilación auricular

Introduction and objectivesA paradoxical protective effect of obesity has been previously reported in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of nutritional status and body mass index (BMI) on the prognosis of AF patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study of patients with AF from 2014 to 2017 from a single health area in Spain. The CONUT score was used to assess nutritional status. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association of BMI and CONUT score with mortality. The association with embolism and bleeding was assessed by a competing risk analysis.ResultsAmong 14 849 AF patients, overweight and obesity were observed in 42.6% and 46.0%, respectively, while malnutrition was observed in 34.3%. During a mean follow-up of 4.4 years, 3335 patients died, 984 patients had a stroke or systemic embolism, and 1317 had a major bleeding event. On univariate analysis, BMI was inversely associated with mortality, embolism, and bleeding; however, this association was lost after adjustment by age, sex, comorbidities, and CONUT score (HR for composite endpoint, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.95-1.01; P = .719). Neither obesity nor overweight were predictors of mortality, embolism, and bleeding events. In contrast, nutritional status—assessed by the CONUT score—was associated with mortality, embolism and bleeding after multivariate analysis (HR for composite endpoint, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.14-1.17; P < .001).ConclusionsBMI was not an independent predictor of events in patients with AF in contrast to nutritional status, which showed a strong association with mortality, embolism, and bleeding.The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04364516).