儿童难治性肾病综合征的探讨95例临床分析

本文对95例肾病综合征进行分析,探讨了性别、年龄、发病迁延时间、浮肿、蛋白尿、血尿、血压、尿素氮、血浆蛋白、血浆胆固醇、免疫球蛋白、补体C_3与激素反应及分型的关系。认为下列综合分析可做为判定难治性肾病综合征的参考。难治性肾病多分布在7岁以上,激素治疗4～8周血浆蛋白尚未恢复,尿镜检反复出现红细胞及颗粒管型,血清r—球蛋白不低,而补体C_3降低,提示难治性肾病。各种感染常常是造成肾病综合心难以控制,甚至死亡的重要因素。     

弥散张量成像对颅脑肿瘤与相邻脑白质纤维束解剖关系的评价

目的:评价弥散张量成像技术显示颅脑肿瘤与相邻脑白质纤维束解剖关系的价值。材料和方法:对5例正常志愿者及29例幕上星形细胞瘤及脑膜瘤进行弥散张量成像,在弥散各向异性图、彩色张量图及脑白质纤维束图上分析肿瘤与相邻脑白质纤维束的解剖关系,并对患者术前、术后的临床症状进行评价。结果:(1)9例脑膜瘤及11例Ⅰ-Ⅱ级星形细胞瘤推移相邻脑白质纤维束,患者术后临床症状明显改善。(2)6例Ⅲ-Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤及3例Ⅰ-Ⅱ级星形细胞瘤浸润、破坏相邻脑白质纤维束,患者术后的临床症状未明显改善。结论:弥散张量成像技术在显示颅脑肿瘤与相邻脑内主要白质纤维束的解剖关系方面具有重要价值,对神经外科术前治疗方案的确定具有重要指导作用。     

Mesenteric and omental cysts: An ultrasonographic and clinical study of 15 patients

The clinical and ultrasonographic (US) features of 15 cases of mesenteric or omental cyst are herein described. This series included seven male and eight female patients, whose age ranged from 2–89 years. Correct clinical diagnosis was made in two children only, but preoperative US examination accurately demonstrated the lesion in 11 of 13 patients (85%). These cystic lesions usually had a thin wall, internal septations, and fluid content with sedimentation. Enteric duplication cysts had a relatively thick wall merging with the muscle layer of bowel loop, and multiloculation was noted mainly with cystic lymphangiomas or pseudocysts. The diagnostic and surgical management of these lesions are briefly reviewed and their US appearance is illustrated.     

Systematic review of methods to diagnose infection in foot ulcers in diabetes.

AIM: To undertake a systematic review of the diagnostic performance of clinical examination, sample acquisition and sample analysis in infected foot ulcers in diabetes. METHODS: Nineteen electronic databases plus other sources were searched. To be included, studies had to fulfil the following criteria: (i) compare a method of clinical assessment, sample collection or sample analysis with a reference standard; (ii) recruit diabetic individuals with foot ulcers; (ii) present 2 x 2 diagnostic data. Studies were critically appraised using a 12-item checklist. RESULTS: Three eligible studies were identified, one each on clinical examination, sample collection and sample analysis. For all three, study groups were heterogeneous with respect to wound type and a small proportion of participants had foot ulcers due to diabetes. No studies identified an optimum reference standard. Other methodological problems included non-blind interpretation of tests and the time lag between index and reference tests. Individual signs or symptoms of infection did not prove to be useful tests when assessed against punch biopsy as the reference standard. The wound swab did not perform well when assessed against tissue biopsy. Semiquantitative analysis of wound swab might be a useful alternative to quantitative analysis. The limitations of these findings and their impact on recommendations from relevant clinical guidelines are discussed. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of this topic, it is surprising that only three eligible studies were identified. It was not possible to describe the optimal methods of diagnosing infection in diabetic patients with foot ulceration from the evidence identified in this systematic review.     

12例Dandy—Walker综合征的临床CT与MRI分析

目的分析Dandy—Walker综合征的临床及cT与MR!影像特征。方法采用cT与MRI常规扫描，对12例Dandy—Walker综合征的临床表现、CT与MRI征象进行回顾性分析；结果12例Dandy—Walker综合征的CT与MRI表现归纳为①小脑蚓部缺失，小脑半球发育不良、完全分离，分离的小脑半球可以不对称；②第四脑室呈囊状、扇形、三角形显著扩张或后颅窝巨大囊状阴影与第四脑室相通；③窦汇异常抬高，越过人字缝／天幕抬高；④幕上脑室对称性扩张，脑积水。结论对Dandy—Walker综合征的诊断，CT扫描能够显示后颅凹及天幕上下脑的形态与结构，其CT表现具特征性；MRI可多平面扫描，无骨质伪影，显示后颅凹优于CT，在矢状面上可显示小脑、第四脑室、导水管、后颅凹囊肿以及与天幕的关系。CT与MRI扫描对Dandy—Walker综合征能够做出定性诊断，是术前诊断的主要依据，检查无痛苦，有重要的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。     

壶腹癌的MRI诊断

目的:探讨MRI诊断壶腹癌的价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析20例壶腹癌的MRCP及MRI影像资料,并与病理学诊断进行对照。结果:20例壶腹癌中显示局部软组织肿块13例、胆总管腔“截断征”17例、肝内胆管软滕样扩张19例、胆囊增大17例和“双管征”14例。结论:MRI,特别是MRCP能显示典型的“双管征”、“软藤征”和较清晰的癌肿范围,对壶腹癌有较高的诊断价值。     

Intra-articular arteriovenous malformation of the knee

Two young men with longstanding suprapatellar masses are presented. The initial clinical diagnosis was of a synovial or soft tissue tumour. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the features of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Surgical exploration and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. AVMs, although rare, should be considered as a possible diagnosis of a peri-articular swelling of the knee.     

ENDOSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF MUCOSAL SPREAD LESION OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA USING PERORAL CHOLANGIOSCOPY WITH NARROW BAND IMAGING

A 69‐year‐old man was admitted to Toho University Omori Medical Center complaining of icterus. Abdominal computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were suspicious of cholangioma of inferior bile duct. Peroral cholangioscopy using narrow band imaging (NBI) was performed and it was possible to diagnose the mucosal spread lesions of cholangioma. Histological findings reflected the endoscopic findings. Mucosal spread lesions of cholangiocarcinoma were successfully diagnosed using the CHF‐B260 for NBI.