肝VX-2 瘤模型MR扩散成像的实验研究

目的探讨肝VX-2瘤模型MR扩散成像特征.方法新西兰大白兔35只,采用块种植的方法,一期预实验皮下种植14只,肝内种植6只;二期肝内种植12只,另3只做正常对照.对包括二期肝内种植在内的15个肿瘤于种植前后行定期扩散加权成像(DWI) 与MR检查.以表观扩散系数(ADC)值等为指标进行统计分析.结果 (1)一期预实验,皮下种植成功率29%(4/14),肝内种植成功率33%(2/6);二期肝内种植成功率83%(10/12).(2)VX-2瘤在DWI上呈高信号,边缘清楚.正常组与VX-2瘤实验组b值为100和300 s/mm2时ADC值分别为(2.57±0.26)mm2/s、(1.73±0.31)mm2/s、(1.87±0.25)mm2/s与(1.57±0.23)mm2/s(F=43.26,P<0.001).随b值增大,病灶信号降低;ADC图上病灶呈低信号;不同b值之间病灶ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);b=100 s/mm2病灶与正常肝脏之间ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).(3)VX-2瘤发展迅速,易发生肺、肝、纵隔等处转移.结论 DWI在反映肝VX-2瘤内部水分子运动、发现与追踪病灶进展等方面有重要价值.     

嗅通路神经干细胞

哺乳动物嗅通路中的嗅上皮和嗅球终生维持活跃的神经更新，存在丰富的神经干细胞。本对嗅上皮和嗅球神经发生特点，神经干细胞来源及培养，嗅上皮与嗅球神经发生的关系等方面进行简要阐述。     

NMDA受体与躯体内脏的痛觉调制

NMDA受体是兴奋性氨基酸的特异性受体，与神经细胞钙离子内流密切相关，参与体内各种信号传递和调节神经元的兴奋性。它由不同的亚基组成，这些亚基决定着天然NMDA受体的功能特性，其中，含NR2B亚基的受体对伤害性感受的传递和调制有重要作用。已有大量研究表明，NMDA受体在痛觉中枢敏感化的产生、维持中有重要作用；NMDA受体也可能同时介导外周敏感化和内脏痛。     

酷似脊索瘤的颅骨纤维结构不良症2例临床分析

本文报告我院收治的颅骨纤维结构不良症2例，术前误诊为颅底脊索瘤。结合文献复习，以期加深对颅骨纤维结构不良症的了解。     

A novel access method for endovascular procedures in the porcine model

Objective To evaluate the use of the saphenous artery as an alternative access for endovascular procedures in the porcine model. Methods Fourteen adult pigs (25-35kg) were used in this study, 3 pigs from an acute study and 11 from chronic studies. A 2-3 cm incision was made and a saphenous artery cutdown was performed in 24 sides. Micropunc ture sets (Boston Scientific) or 18 G puncture needles were used to access the artery. Different sizes of introducers (4-7F) were used to establish endovascular access. Angiographic catheters were then used to confirm if the access was usable. Four saphenous arteries were explanted in the pigs from a chronic study 4 to 28 days after surgical procedure. Results The saphenous artery was very easy to expose and 4-5 F introducer sheaths were able to be inserted to establish access for endovascular procedures in the pigs. The saphenous artery was unable to accomodate an introducer with a size larger than 6 F. Four saphenous arteries were injured when 5 and 6 F introducers were used, but angiographic procedures could still be performed. Morphologic evaluation of the explanted arteries demonstrated occlusion of the saphenous arteries without injury or disruption of the adjacent femoral arteries. Conclusion The saphenous artery can be used as an access site in pigs for angiographic and interventional procedures if the catheter size is less than 6 F. This vessel is easier to access and can preserve the femoral artery for repeat procedures in the future.     

哺乳动物的促分裂原活化蛋白激酶信号途径

促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)是一类表达于所有真核细胞的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,能够被诸如细胞因子、生长因子、神经递质、激素、细胞应急以及细胞粘附等各种刺激因素激活.MAPK途径的基本组合包括MAPK、MAPK激酶(MKK)和MAPK激酶激酶(MKKK)三种保守的成分,由此建立一个连续的激活途径.哺乳动物的MAPK可以大致归纳为5类:ERK1/2(MAPKerk1/2)、P38(MAPKp3g)、JNK(MAPKjnk)、ERK3/4(MAPKerk3/4)和ERK5(MAPKerk5).MAPK家族在各种细胞活动中具有重要作用,如增殖、分化、发育、转化及凋亡等.文章讨论了哺乳动物MAPK的功能和调节.     

直刺挠动脉成功建立血液透析通路的方法及体会

尿毒症患者绝大多数靠动一静脉内瘘维持血液透析，但对于急诊血液透析者，患者造瘘前以及少数病人由于经济原因不愿意插管者，使血液透析无法进行。因此，我中心自1997年7月至2003年12月共有344例患者接受2642次直刺挠动脉建立血液透析通路，使透析顺利进行，完成了充分透析的治疗计划。我们在实践中不断改进，总结经验，现将多年来直刺挠动脉穿刺成功的方法及体会总结如下：     

c-fos在胃肠道刺激信号传入研究中的应用

c-fos近年来在内脏刺激传入研究中应用较广，本文就其在各种胃肠道刺激传入、相关药物研究中的应用以及c-fos检测的注意事项等方面作一综述。