MAC30蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

检测20例正常口腔黏膜和43例口腔鳞状细胞癌患者MAC30蛋白的表达情况。MAC30蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达较正常黏膜明显增加(P<0.05);低分化组和淋巴结转移组较高分化组及淋巴结无转移组阳性表达率明显增高(P<0.05);MAC30蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生、发展、分化及转移过程中可能起着重要作用,并可作为一个预测肿瘤转移的新的分子生物学指标。     

Pharmacotherapy Approaches in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) comprise a heterogeneous group of organisms, with only a small subset known to cause disease in humans. Although NTM infection is not a reportable disease, both the increasing clinical recognition and recent advancements in laboratory diagnostic capabilities of NTM infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients are rapidly evolving. We reviewed antimicrobial agents used to treat the most frequently encountered NTM infections and examined optimized drug dosing strategies, toxicity profiles, drug-drug interactions, and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and patient monitoring on therapy were also examined. We used PubMed to review the published literature on the management of select NTM pathogens, the common syndromes encountered since 2000, and select pharmacokinetic principles of select antimicrobial agents used since 1990. We included select clinical trials, systematic reviews, published guidelines, and observational studies when applicable. The prolonged duration and the necessity for combination therapy for most forms of NTM disease can be problematic for many patients. A multidisciplinary care team that includes pharmacy engagement may help increase rates of optimal patient tolerability and successful treatment completion.     

Clinical characteristics and early outcomes of patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease

Background

The incidence of asymptomatic pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease appears to be increasing. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and examine early outcomes of patients newly diagnosed with MAC disease.

Maternal origin of transferrin receptor positive cells in venous blood of pregnant women

We studied the origin of transferrin receptor (CD71) positive cells in blood from seven women pregnant with a male fetus in order to explore if fetal cells could be detected among them. We used a technique that allows direct chromosomal analysis by in situ hybridization on immunologically and morphologically classified cells. Enrichment was performed by magnetic activated cell sorting (miniMACS)® using an anti-CD71 monoclonal antibody. The cells were immunophenotyped by alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase immunostaining with the same antibody. The origin of the immunophenotyped cells was studied by in situ hybridization using an X cosmid Y repeat chromosome specific probe cocktail. CD71 positive cells were found in six of the seven women at the range of 4 to 43 in respective samples. Over 90% of the CD71 positive cells were nucleated erythrocytes. None of the detected positive cells were shown to be fetal. Thus, the use of transferrin receptor antigen alone in combination with the miniMACS® may not be sufficient for enrichment of fetal cells.     

Intravenous landiolol, a novel β(1)-adrenergic blocker, reduces the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in women

Study Objective

To investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) landiolol, a novel β₁-adrenergic blocker, on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in adult women.

Design

Prospective, randomized study.

Setting

University hospital.

Patients

42 ASA physical status 1 and 2 women, aged 24-57 years, who were scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgery.

Interventions

Anesthesia was induced in all patients by vital capacity rapid inhalation induction of sevoflurane. In the landiolol group, administration of landiolol began when patients took a vital-capacity breath: 0.125 mg/kg/min for one minute and then 0.04 mg/kg/min. Normal saline was administered in the control group.

Measurements

MAC was determined by a technique adapted from the conventional up-down method.

Main Results

The MAC of sevoflurane was 2.2% ± 0.2% in the control group and 1.7% ± 0.2% in the landiolol group, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0005).

Conclusions

IV landiolol reduces the MAC of sevoflurane in women by approximately 20%.     

Interspecific transfer of mammalian artificial chromosomes between farm animals

It is often desirable to transfer a mammalian artificial chromosome (MAC) from the cells of one species to those of another. Attempts to carry out such transfer have been successful in some cases and have failed in others. In this study we have tested the hypothesis that centromeric DNA sequence similarity could be a useful criterion for determining MAC host range. Homology studies indicated that the sheep should give positive transfer results. The prediction was tested by introducing into sheep cells a yeast artificial chromosome that contained swine centromeric sequences and that had previously been used to produce a de novo MAC in swine cells. The experiments resulted in the formation of a functional de novo MAC in sheep cells, as attested by FISH analysis. The newly formed MAC remained structurally and functionally stable in ovine up to 52 generations. The centromeric sequences present on the newly formed MAC are probably swine sequences, although it cannot be ruled out that some sheep sequences may also have migrated to the MAC. The size of the sheep MAC was determined by atomic force microscopy. Thus, centromeric sequence similarity appears to be a useful criterion for predicting the animal species between which MACs can shuttle. Both Filomena Monica Cavaliere and Gian Luca Scoarughi contributed equally to this research.     

Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic blood flow through irregular multi-stenosed arteries

Flow of an electrically conducting fluid characterizing blood through the arteries having irregular shaped multi-stenoses in the environment of a uniform transverse magnetic-field is analysed. The flow is considered to be axisymmetric with an outline of the irregular stenoses obtained from a three-dimensional casting of a mild stenosed artery, so that the physical problem becomes more realistic from the physiological point of view. The marker and cell (MAC) and successive-over-relaxation (SOR) methods are respectively used to solve the governing unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations and pressure-Poisson equation quantitatively and to observe the flow separation. The results obtained show that the flow separates mostly towards the downstream of the multi-stenoses. However, the flow separation region keeps on shrinking with the increasing intensity of the magnetic-field which completely disappears with sufficiently large value of the Hartmann number. The present observations certainly have some clinical implications relating to magnetotherapy which help reducing the complex flow separation zones causing flow disorder leading to the formation and progression of the arterial diseases.     

胸段硬膜外阻滞对异氟醚MAC的影响

为了探讨硬膜外阻滞对异氟醚ＭＡＣ的影响，对５０例ＡＳＡⅠ－Ⅱ级开胸或上腹部手术病人，随机分成Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ组，每组１０例，硬外给予不同浓度的利多卡因和生理盐水，吸入麻醉剂为异氟醚－５０％笑气－氧气。结果表明，硬外注药前吸入麻醉药的ＭＡＣ各组间无明显差异。注药后，在维持麻醉平稳的情况下，Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ组的ＭＡＣ均有不同程度的下降；注药后１０－６０ｍｉｎ的前４组ＭＡＣ与Ｅ组比较有均显著差异，注药后     

MAC reduction after intrathecal coadministration of GABA(A) agonist and glutamate antagonist in rats

Purpose. It has been reported that intrathecal coadministration of a GABA_A agonist and a glutamate antagonist induces synergistic antinociceptive effects in rats. We hypothesized that this synergistic antinociceptive effect might induce a synergistic reduction in the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC). Methods. The MAC for sevoflurane was determined before and after intrathecal administration of muscimol (GABA_A agonist, 0.1–10 μg), AP-5 (N-methyl-d-aspartate [NMDA] antagonist, 0.1–10 μg), and YM872 (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid [AMPA] antagonist, 0.1–10 μg) in rats. The effects of coadministration of muscimol and AP-5 or YM872 on MAC reduction were also tested. Results. Intrathecal administration of muscimol at doses of 1 and 10 μg significantly reduced the MAC by 34.5% ± 3.3% and 46.9% ± 4.4%, respectively (P < 0.01). Intrathecal administration of AP-5 at a dose of 10 μg and YM872 at a dose of 10 μg significantly reduced the MAC by 25.8% ± 2.4% and 31.4% ± 6.3%, respectively (P < 0.01). No additional reductions in MAC values were observed when a GABA_A agonist was combined with either an NMDA or an AMPA antagonist. Conclusion. Intrathecal coadministration of a GABA_A agonist and an NMDA or AMPA antagonist, which has been reported to produce a synergistic antinociceptive effect, did not induce a synergistic reduction in the MAC. The antinociceptive effect may not be the predominant factor in the reduction of the MAC induced by these drugs. Received: May 24, 2002 / Accepted: November 20, 2002 Acknowledgments. YM872 was supplied by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical, Tsukuba, Japan. Financial support was provided solely from institutional and departmental sources. The authors wish to thank Ms. Masako Tachibana for her skillful technical help. Address correspondence to: H. Sumikura