Die Bedeutung des Musculus canalis ani für die Kontinenz und anorectale Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung Es wird die funktionelle Morphologie des bisher wenig bekannten M. canalis ani beschrieben. Dieser Muskel liegt dem Sphincter ani internus auf und zieht längs durch die submuköse und subcutane Schicht des Analkanals. Es wird gezeigt, daß er ein Bestandteil des Kontinenzorgans ist und für den Verlauf anorectaler Erkrankungen bedeutsam ist.

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The importance of the musculus canalis ani for continence and anorectal diseases

Summary The functional morphology of the M. canalis ani is described. Hitherto this muscle has not been studied in detail. The M. canalis ani is located inside of the M. sphincter ani internus and reaches through the spatium submucosum et subcutaneum of the analcanal. This muscle is part of a described MIDDLE" BORDER="0">organ of continenceMIDDLE" BORDER="0">. Its importance in the course of anorectal disease is shown.

     

非体外循环下小儿腔肺吻合术疗效分析

为总结体外循环与非体外循环的两组病例行双向腔肺吻合(M．Glenn)术后的转归，以客观评价小儿施行非体外循环腔肺吻合术的可行性，将2000年5月--2002年11月行单纯M．Glenn术的32例患儿(年龄0．33--ll岁，体重6—32kg)分为两组，A组(n＝16)为体外循环组，B组(n＝16)为非体外循环组。所有病例监测术后1、6、12、24、48h氧合指数(OI)；测定人ICU即刻(T1)、呼吸机撤离前、后(T2和T3)3个时间点的中心静脉压(CVP)、跨肺压(TPG)、跨脑压(TCP)；记录两组病例手术时间(OT)、术后并发症、术后12h用血球量、呼吸机使用时间(VT)、ICU滞留时间(IT)以及住院费用。结果显示，B组术后OI均高于A组，尤其在术后lh和6h，OI分别为A组的1．4倍和1．3倍，差异有非常显著性(P＜0．01)。尽管撤机前B组CVP为A组的1．3倍(P＜0．05)，TCP明显低于A组，但撤机后两组差异无显著性。两组VT、IT差异虽无显著性(P＞0．05)，但B组术后12h用血球量、并发症明显降低，住院开支亦较A组节省了约30％(P＜0．05)。提示非体外循环技术应用于小儿双向腔肺吻合术是可行且有利的。     

Zapline‐plus: A Zapline extension for automatic and adaptive removal of frequency‐specific noise artifacts in M/EEG

Removing power line noise and other frequency‐specific artifacts from electrophysiological data without affecting neural signals remains a challenging task. Recently, an approach was introduced that combines spectral and spatial filtering to effectively remove line noise: Zapline. This algorithm, however, requires manual selection of the noise frequency and the number of spatial components to remove during spatial filtering. Moreover, it assumes that noise frequency and spatial topography are stable over time, which is often not warranted. To overcome these issues, we introduce Zapline‐plus, which allows adaptive and automatic removal of frequency‐specific noise artifacts from M/electroencephalography (EEG) and LFP data. To achieve this, our extension first segments the data into periods (chunks) in which the noise is spatially stable. Then, for each chunk, it searches for peaks in the power spectrum, and finally applies Zapline. The exact noise frequency around the found target frequency is also determined separately for every chunk to allow fluctuations of the peak noise frequency over time. The number of to‐be‐removed components by Zapline is automatically determined using an outlier detection algorithm. Finally, the frequency spectrum after cleaning is analyzed for suboptimal cleaning, and parameters are adapted accordingly if necessary before re‐running the process. The software creates a detailed plot for monitoring the cleaning. We highlight the efficacy of the different features of our algorithm by applying it to four openly available data sets, two EEG sets containing both stationary and mobile task conditions, and two magnetoencephalography sets containing strong line noise.     

不同树龄三种厚朴中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量的研究

在依据树皮年轮鉴定厚朴年龄的基础上,应用高效薄层扫描法,对不同生长年限的厚朴、凹叶厚朴、大叶木兰中所含厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的动态分布进行了含量测定,为道地药材的质量评价及合理采收提供了参考。     

巨噬细胞在心肌梗死治疗中的研究现状

巨噬细胞在心肌梗死损伤中发挥了“双刃”作用。近年来研究表明,心肌细胞浸润的巨噬细胞在不同因子刺激下极化成功能不同的亚群,即M1和M2。M1型巨噬细胞主要发挥促炎作用,加重心肌损伤,而M2型巨噬细胞则主要抑制受损组织炎症发生,同时能促进新生血管的生成。因此M2型巨噬细胞在心肌损伤中发挥的正面作用越来越受到关注。本文对近年来国内外关于M2型巨噬细胞在心肌组织中发挥的作用,及其重要调控机制等进行了综述,并对M2型极化在促心肌微血管治疗中的研究现状及其物质基础进行了概述。     

尖瓣过路黄中槲皮素和山柰酚的定性定量分析

目的 建立TLC及HPLC法定性定量测定尖瓣过路黄中槲皮素和山柰酚.方法 TLC法确定黄酮类化合物的种类,HPLC法测定山柰酚、槲皮素的含量.结果 槲皮素在0.081 6-0.571 2μg范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.999 4);平均回收率101.88%,RSD=1.572 4%,n=6.山柰酚在0.069 6-0...     

Adding collagen to adipose tissue transplant increases engraftment by promoting cell proliferation,neovascularisation and macrophage activity in a rat model

To clarify the effect of collagen addition to transplanted adipose tissue on angiogenesis, cell proliferation and tissue remodelling process and reveal whether collagen addition contributes to improving transplanted adipose tissue engraftment in rats. Adipose tissue was harvested from the inguinal and injected into the back of the rat, in addition to collagen. Engraftment tissue was harvested, semi‐quantitatively evaluated and underwent haematoxylin and eosin or Perilipin staining. Moreover, we evaluated viable adipocyte counts and neovascularisation. Macrophages were evaluated using flow cytometry, and the adiponectin or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA was detected using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. By collagen addition to transplanted adipose tissue, higher engraftment rate semi‐quantitatively and a greater number of new blood vessels histologically were identified. Perilipin staining revealed a higher adipocyte number. The total cell, M1 macrophage and M2 macrophage count were higher. There was increased adiponectin mRNA significantly at week 4 compared to that at week 1 after transplantation. Note that the expression levels of VEGF mRNA increased. In rats, adding collagen enhanced cell proliferation, induced M2 macrophages, which are involved in wound healing, and promoted adipocytes and neovascularisation. Therefore, collagen addition to transplanted adipose tissue could increase the engraftment rate of adipose tissue.     

Predicting Compressive and Splitting Tensile Strengths of Silica Fume Concrete Using M5P Model Tree Algorithm

Compressive strength (CS) and splitting tensile strength (STS) are paramount parameters in the design of reinforced concrete structures and are required by pertinent standard provisions. Robust prediction models for these properties can save time and cost by reducing the number of laboratory trial batches and experiments needed to generate suitable design data. Silica fume (SF) is often used in concrete owing to its substantial enhancements of the engineering properties of concrete and its environmental benefits. In the present study, the M5P model tree algorithm was used to develop models for the prediction of the CS and STS of concrete incorporating SF. Accordingly, large databases comprising 796 data points for CS and 156 data records for STS were compiled from peer-reviewed published literature. The predictions of the M5P models were compared with linear regression analysis and gene expression programming. Different statistical metrics, including the coefficient of determination, correlation coefficient, root mean squared error, mean absolute error, relative squared error, and discrepancy ratio, were deployed to appraise the performance of the developed models. Moreover, parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of different input parameters, such as the SF content, water-to-binder ratio, and age of the specimen, on the CS and STS. The trained models offer a rapid and accurate tool that can assist the designer in the effective proportioning of silica fume concrete.     

Recommendations for reducing risks of infection associated with suction collection procedures.

It is recognized that risks are incurred when health care workers contact various body fluids. The handling of suction collection equipment poses a risk because it is one way workers may come in contact with these fluids. Minimizing the risks associated with suction procedures can be accomplished if appropriate policies and procedures can be developed in health care facilities.