自身抗体联合检测诊断系统性红斑狼疮的价值评述

目的:探讨联合检测多种自身抗体对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的临床诊断价值。方法:收集SLE患者92例(SLE组)、其他自身免疫疾病患者120例(非SLE组)和健康体检者120例(对照组),采用免疫荧光法测定三组的抗Sm抗体、抗双链DNA抗体(ds DNA)及抗核小体抗体(Anu A),比较三组的抗体检出率。结果:抗Sm、ds DNA、Anu A对SLE患者的敏感性依次为22.2%、41.1%、32.2%,三项联合检测均后提高至62.2%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:抗Sm、ds DNA、Anu A均是诊断SLE的敏感性指标,三项联合检测可提高诊断敏感性与准确性。     

Functional MR imaging of kidneys in patients with lupus nephritis

Objective To evaluate the functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the assessment of renal involvement and pathological changes in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Seventeen patients with LN and 10 healthy controls underwent coronal echo?planar diffusion?weighted (DW) MR imaging and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MR imaging of the kidneys with a single breath?hold time of 16 s. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and R2* value of the kidneys were calculated with high b values (b=500 s/mm2). The correlation between the renal injury variables and the ADCs or R2* values was evaluated. Results The mean ADC value of kidneys in patients with LN was (2.43±0.24)×10-3 mm2/s, the mean R2* values of the renal cortex and medulla were (11.72±2.35)/s and (13.07±2.35)/s respectively, which were all significantly lower than those in volunteers (P=0.045,P=0.048 and P=0.001, respectively). In the patients with LN, the mean ADC values were positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=0.558, P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the ADC values of the right kidneys and pathological chronic indexes (r=-0.493, P<0.05). Moreover, the R2*values of the renal medulla were negatively correlated with 24 hours proteinuria, serum creatinine, pathological active indexes. The patients were assigned to group A (class Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, n=8) and group B (class Ⅴ+Ⅲ and Ⅴ+Ⅳ, n=9). The tubulointerstitial lesions in group B were more severe than those in group A, while the mean ADC values and R2* values of the renal cortex in group B were lower as compared to group A. Conclusion DW MR imaging and BOLD MR imaging may be used to non?invasively monitor the disease activity and evaluate the efficacy in lupus nephritis.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者感染临床特点及危险因素分析

目的:回顾性分析系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)并发感染患者的感染特点及危险因素。方法:选取2006年1月～2010年12月在我院住院的SLE患者81例,收集临床及实验室资料,临床资料主要包括患者性别、年龄、糖皮质激素用量、疗程,环磷酰胺等免疫抑制剂使用、感染情况等。实验室指标有血常规、血沉、超敏C反应蛋白、血脂(三酰甘油、胆固醇)、血白蛋白、病原学结果等,观察感染部位、病原菌特点及各因素对SLE感染发生率变化的影响。结果:(1)大部分感染以细菌为主,占53.4%,同时以肺炎克雷伯氏菌为主的G-菌占绝大多数;真菌以念珠菌属最常见,且多见于50岁以上SLE患者;巨细胞病毒感染是SLE感染患者主要的病毒检出类型。(2)SLE以呼吸道感染占绝大多数,其次尿路感染在SLE患者也不少见,带状疱疹是最常见的皮肤感染表现。(3)与SLE非感染患者比较,老年患者、CRP增高、血白蛋白下降者感染发生率明显升高,差异有统计学意义。其中>50岁SLE患者感染危险度是年轻患者的6.44倍,血白蛋白下降患者感染风险较正常增加1倍。而性别、ESR、血脂等因素改变与感染无明显相关性。结论:贫血对感染的发生率改变无明显影响。CRP增高与SLE的活动状态无明显关系。     

Epstein-Barr Virus in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis—Association and Causation

Epidemiological data suggest that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. However, it is not clear whether EBV plays a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, and if so, by which mechanisms the virus may contribute. In this review, we discuss possible viral and immunological mechanisms that might explain associations between EBV and autoimmune diseases and whether these associations represent causes or effects of inflammation and autoimmunity.     

New guidelines for lupus anticoagulant: sensitivity and specificity of cut-off values calculated with plasmas from healthy controls in mixing and confirmatory tests

Introduction: The updated guidelines for lupus anticoagulant (LA) diagnosis indicate locally calculate the cut‐off values of the index of circulating anticoagulant (ICA) and the clotting time in seconds (s) for mixing studies and % of correction (%C) for confirmatory tests. We assess sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPC) of the cut‐off values obtained as the 99th percentile from 60 plasmas of healthy individuals. Methods: We analysed 647 plasmas from patients studied in the last 3 years, and results were revaluated according to the new criteria and cut‐off values. Four hundred and three had LA, and 75 of them were under oral anticoagulants (OA). We performed three screening tests: activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), diluted Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) and dilute prothrombin time (dPT), and previous diagnosis was carried out using our home‐made cut‐off calculated by receiver operating characteristics curves. We reanalysed the mixing and confirmatory data of APTT/dRVVT, the tests selected in the new guidelines. To evaluate SPC, 244 plasmas (160 OA and 84 congenital deficient patients) were studied. Results: Considering mixing studies, the cut‐off values demonstrate that SEN of ICA‐APTT was 94% and of clotting time in second (s) 83%, with an SPC of 77% and 84%, respectively. For ICA‐dRVVT, SEN was 72% and for clotting time in second (s) 77%, with SPC of 98% and 84%, respectively. The cut‐off values for %C for confirmatory APTT show good SEN 82% and high SPC 96%; for confirmatory dRVVT lower SEN 77%, but a SPC of 100%. Conclusion: The combination of mixing and confirmatory tests interpreted according to the new guidelines can clearly differentiate LA from other coagulopathies.     

滋阴清热方对SLE患者尿系列微量蛋白的影响

目的探讨滋阴清热方对系统性红斑狼疮的患者尿系列微量蛋白的影响。方法将我院2010年1月至2011年10月收治的系统性红斑狼疮患者60例随机分为2组,对照组患者30例,给予常规治疗,实验组患者给予滋阴清热方治疗,比较2组患者前后的尿系列微量蛋白。结果实验组患者经过3个月的治疗后,其尿微量白蛋白(mALBU)、转铁蛋白(TrfU)、尿免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)以及尿a2-巨球蛋白(α2-MU)指标均优于对照组患者,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论采用滋阴清热方治疗系统性红斑狼疮具有较好的效果,值得在临床应用。     

系统性红斑狼疮合并肺部感染患者预后的相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)合并肺部感染患者预后的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析84例SLE合并肺部感染患者的临床资料.以死亡与存活为因变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 84例患者中死亡23例,病死率为27.38％.多因素Logistic回归分析表明,尿量、免疫球蛋白治疗、环磷酰胺冲击治疗、血浆白蛋白和系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动度(SLEDAI)评分为影响预后的危险因素(OR值分别为0.53、0.72、4.29、0.94、1.58,P＜0.01或＜0.05).结论 SLE合并肺部感染患者的预后是多因素共同作用的结果,环磷酰胺冲击治疗和SLEDAI评分增高是影响SLE合并肺部感染患者预后的独立危险因素,提高血浆白蛋白水平、增加尿量和应用免疫球蛋白治疗有助于降低病死率.     

雷公藤多苷联合醋酸泼尼松治疗中度活动型系统性红斑狼疮的疗效观察

目的探讨雷公藤多苷治疗中度活动型系统性红斑狼疮的疗效和安全性。方法 79例中度活动型系统性红斑狼疮患者随机分为观察组40例和对照组39例,在应用醋酸泼尼松基础上,观察组给予雷公藤多苷20mg/次,3次/d,口服;对照组给予甲氨蝶呤10mg/次,1次/周,口服。治疗6个月后评定2组疗效及不良反应发生情况,并比较2组治疗前、后24h尿蛋白、补体C3、系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动度（systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index,SLEDAI）评分。结果观察组总有效率（87.5%）高于对照组（66.7%）（P〈0.05）;观察组治疗后24h尿蛋白、补体C3、SLEDAI评分分别为（0.65±0.12）g、（0.81±0.55）g/L、4.87±1.92,对照组分别为（0.97±0.39）g、（0.79±0.22）g/L、5.29±2.10,与治疗前（（2.16±0.36）g,（0.48±0.37）g/L,12.8±4.15;（2.08±0.21）g,（0.49±0.26）g/L,12.6±5.01）比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组治疗后24h尿蛋白水平低于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组月经紊乱发生率（20.00%）高于对照组（2.56%）（P〈0.05）,恶心呕吐、上呼吸道感染等不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论醋酸泼尼松联合雷公藤多苷治疗中度活动型系统性红斑狼疮疗效优于联合甲氨蝶呤,且不良反应轻。     

系统性红斑狼疮血清可溶性DcR3水平表达及与临床用药关系探讨

目的:探讨系统性红斑狼疮血清可溶性DcR3(Decoy receptor3)水平表达及与治疗药物的关系。方法:收集SLE患者51例,健康对照组19例,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清可溶性DcR3浓度,采用SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评判SLE疾病活动性,分析SLE治疗方案中主要用药(泼尼松、环磷酰胺、硫唑嘌呤、羟氯喹、白芍总苷)与血清可溶性DcR3浓度及SLEDAI的关系。结果:SLE患者血清可溶性DcR3浓度显著高于正常对照组(t=2.42,P<0.05),而且与SLEDAI积分呈正相关(r=0.373,P<0.01),SLE治疗方案中使用泼尼松组DcR3浓度比未使用组显著升高(P<0.05),而使用羟氯喹组却显著降低,此外使用泼尼松、环磷酰胺组比不使用组有较高SLEDAI积分。结论:血清可溶性DcR3在SLE中高表达,与SLEDAI呈正相关,治疗药物对血清DCR3浓度影响不明显,可以作为SLE诊断和评判疾病活动度的指标。