微创下腰椎经椎间孔椎体间融合术混合内固定治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的可行性研究

目的 探讨微创腰椎经椎间孔椎体间融合术(MIS-TLIF)采用椎弓根螺钉结合对侧经椎板关节突螺钉混合内固定治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的可行性.方法 选取2010年1月至2011年12月符合纳入排除标准的16例复发性腰椎间盘突出症患者资料进行回顾性研究.其中男性10例,女性6例,年龄35 ～ 68岁,平均45岁.采用单侧切口工作通道下完成MIS-TLIF手术,在完成椎管减压、椎体间融合和单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定后,同一切口经棘突根部向对侧置入经椎板关节突螺钉,进行围手术期指标观察、影像学和疗效评价.视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分的比较采用重复测量方差分析.结果 所有患者均在工作通道下顺利完成椎管内减压、椎体间融合和混合内固定,无患者出现神经症状.平均手术时间(148±75) min,术中出血量(186±226) ml,术后平均下床活动时间(32±15)h,平均住院日(6±4)d,手术切口长度平均(29±4) mm,经椎板关节突螺钉平均长度(52 ±6) mm.患者术后随访12 ～ 24个月,平均16.5个月.术后X线和CT显示混合内固定位置良好,经棘突椎板关节突螺钉均穿过椎板和关节突关节,术后随访期间腰痛和腿痛VAS与ODI评分与术前相比较均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(腰痛VAS:F=52.845,P=0.000;腿痛VAS:F=113.480,P=0.000; ODI评分:F=36.665,P=0.000).结论 单侧切口MIS-TLIF采用混合内固定可治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点.     

Lumbar spinal stenosis in a young individual as a result of ligamantum flavum ossification: A case report

INTRODUCTIONSymtomatic lumbar ligamantum flavum calcification is quite rare in the young age group.PRESENTATION OF CASEThe authors report a case of young adult with diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis, presenting with leg pain and neurological deficits. Computerized tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies revealed ossification of the ligamantum flavum as the causative factor of the disease and the patient recovered completely after the decompressive operation.DISCUSSIONIt is emphasized that attention should be given to this rare etiological factor of lumbar spinal stenosis.CONCLUSIONComplete relief can be achieved with early and adequate surgery.     

短节段内固定并椎体成形术治疗重度椎体骨质疏松性骨折伴脊柱后凸畸形

目的 评估行后路内固定并椎体成形术治疗椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的疗效.方法 2007年1月～2011年12月,对32例椎体压缩＞2/3并伴脊柱后凸畸形的老年患者行后路脊柱后凸矫正及椎体成形术.对手术前后患椎高度、脊柱后凸Cobb角、腰背部疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）进行评价分析.结果 全部病例平均随访13.5个月.手术前,患椎平均剩余高度为27.8 %,脊柱后凸Cobb角25.3°,腰背痛VAS评分8.06,ODI为90%;术后1周,各项指标分别为63.1%,8.5°,3.14,59.7%;手术后3个月,分别为62.7%,8.69°,1.4,31.32%.与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论对于重度椎体骨质疏松性骨折合并脊柱后凸畸形的患者,行脊柱后凸矫正及开放椎体成形术,治疗效果良好.     

Primary amyloidoma in epidural and paravertebral space of the lumbar spine

Background context

Localized amyloid deposits result in a mass, that is, so-called amyloidoma; it has been reported in every anatomic site, although systemic amyloid deposition is much more common. However, primary lumbar epidural amyloidoma without bony involvement is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only one case has been reported previously.

Purpose

To report and review the clinical presentations, imaging studies, and treatment of epidural and paravertebral amyloidoma.

Study design

A case report and review of the literature.

Methods

Lumbar epidural and paravertebral amyloidoma in a 75-year-old man with neurologic compromise is presented. Laminectomy with mass resection was performed.

Results

After surgery, almost complete neurologic improvement was observed. Histologically, definite diagnosis was obtained only after the specific staining of tissue. No sign of local recurrence was evident 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions

Primary amyloidoma, although rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of epidural mass of the spine. Diagnosis before surgery is difficult as there were no characteristic findings in clinical and imaging studies. Special histologic technique and stains are useful to make a definite diagnosis.     

射频联合胶原酶盘内治疗腰椎间盘突出症的对照研究

目的探讨射频联合50单位胶原酶盘内治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法将600例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为A、B两组,两组穿刺均在C型臂引导下经安全三角区,进入责任间盘中后113处,B组进行射频热凝治疗,A组在完成B组治疗后,留置射频穿刺针8～10rain后,旋转射频穿刺针斜口对准突出物方向,并退针少许,注造影剂0．5ml,C臂观察造影剂流向突出的椎间盘,5rain后注射50单位胶原酶溶液0．5ml。治疗结果以视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评定。结果治疗后1、6、12个月VAS评分,均明显低于治疗前（P〈0．05）,A组较B组VAS评分明显降低,差异有明显的统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论射频联合极小量胶原酶盘内应用,是一种较为理想治疗腰椎间盘突出症的好方法,效果明显优于单纯射频治疗。     

Lumbar corpectomy for correction of degenerative scoliosis from osteoradionecrosis reveals a delayed complication of lumbar myxopapillary ependymoma

Osteoradionecrosis is a known complication following radiation therapy, presenting most commonly in the cervical spine as a delayed consequence of radiation that is often necessary in the management of head and neck cancers. In contrast, osteoradionecrosis has rarely been described in the lumbar spine. Here we describe, to our knowledge, the first reported case of lumbar spine osteoradionecrosis, after adjuvant radiation for a primary spinal cord tumor, leading to progressive degenerative scoliosis which required subsequent operative management. Established guidelines recommend that mature bone can tolerate a dose of up to 6000 cGy without injury. However, once bone has been exposed to radiation over this level progressive soft tissue changes may lead to devascularization, leaving the bone vulnerable to osteonecrosis, specifically when manipulated. Radiation necrosis can be progressive and lead to eventual mechanical instability requiring debridement and surgical fixation. In the setting of the lumbar spine, osseous necrosis can lead to biomechanical instability, deformity, pain, and neurologic deficit.     

Value of repeat CT scans in low back pain and radiculopathy

We assessed the clinical value of repeat spine CT scan in 108 patients aged 18–60 years who underwent repeat lumbar spine CT scan for low back pain or radiculopathy from January 2008 to December 2010. Patients with a neoplasm or symptoms suggesting underlying disease were excluded from the study. Clinical data was retrospectively reviewed. Index examinations and repeat CT scan performed at a mean of 24.3 ± 11.3 months later were compared by a senior musculoskeletal radiologist. Disc abnormalities (herniation, sequestration, bulge), spinal stenosis, disc space narrowing, and bony changes (osteophytes, fractures, other changes) were documented. Indications for CT scan were low back pain (60 patients, 55%), radiculopathy (46 patients, 43%), or nonspecific back pain (two patients, 2%). A total of 292 spine pathologies were identified in 98 patients (90.7%); in 10 patients (9.3%) no spine pathology was seen on index or repeat CT scan. At repeat CT scan, 269/292 pathologies were unchanged (92.1%); 10/292 improved (3.4%), 8/292 worsened (2.8%, disc herniation or spinal stenosis), and five new pathologies were identified. No substantial therapeutic change was required in patients with worsened or new pathology. Added diagnostic value from repeat CT scan performed within 2–3 years was rare in patients suffering chronic or recurrent low back pain or radiculopathy, suggesting that repeat CT scan should be considered only in patients with progressive neurologic deficits, new neurologic complaints, or signs implying serious underlying conditions.     

骨质疏松性椎体骨折开放手术治疗的相关问题

骨质疏松性椎体骨折（OVF）患者多为高龄人群、合并症多,大多采用镇痛、抗骨质疏松症及康复等非手术治疗和椎体成形微创手术治疗。但是当存在椎体失稳、神经功能损害或严重后凸畸形等情况时,必须采用开放手术治疗。笔者对OVF开放手术的指征和入路、效果及并发症等问题进行阐述,为提高临床治疗效果提供参考。     

强直性脊柱炎胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数分析

【摘要】 目的 通过对强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis, AS）僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数对比分析及相关性研究,探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨（pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO）矫形对矢状面脊柱骨盆序列的影响,进而探究AS后凸患者脊柱骨盆序列的代偿机制。 方法 2004年1月～2010年3月, 38例AS僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形患者行后路单节段或双节段截骨矫形椎弓根螺钉内固定术。矫形前后拍摄全脊柱侧位X线片,测量AS患者全脊柱后凸角（Cobb T1~S1）、矢状面平衡距离（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）及截骨角度（PSO angle）。观察矫形前后影像学参数变化,控制影响患者个体差异的因素,将影像学参数做偏相关分析。 结果 矫形前,Cobb T1~S1=56°±28°,PI=45°±9°,PT=38°±13°,SS=7°±12°,SVA=21 cm±9 cm;矫形后,Cobb T1~S1=11°±22°,PI=46°±9°,PT=21°±10°,SS=24°±9°,SVA=9 cm±5 cm。矫形前,PT、SVA与Cobb T1~S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.81（P＜0.01）、0.64（P＜0.01）;矫形后,PT、SVA与Cobb T1S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.58（P＜0.05）、0.72（P＜0.01）。PSO angle与Cobb T1~S1、PT偏相关系数分别为r=－0.82（P＜0.01）、－0.56（P＜0.05）,PSO angle与SVA无相关性。 结论 矫形前后,AS患者通过后旋骨盆代偿全脊柱后凸所致的矢状面失平衡;骨盆后旋程度、矢状面平衡距离与全脊柱后凸程度呈正相关;人体自身代偿机制优先恢复骨盆的中立状态而非改善矢状面平衡距离。     

GSS椎弓根螺钉内固定并二期伤椎骨水泥灌注治疗胸腰椎骨折

【摘要】 目的 探讨GSS椎弓根螺钉内固定结合二期伤椎骨水泥灌注治疗胸腰椎骨折的有效性和安全性。 方法 2005年3月~2010年10月共31例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者行后路GSS椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,术后3~18个月根据X线及CT复查情况,出现“蛋壳现象”的患者在取出内固定前行伤椎骨水泥灌注,记录术前、术后及末次随访时的伤椎高度及X线片测量的Cobb角角度。 结果 本组患者均未出现骨水泥渗漏,术后12~18个月取出内固定后再随访1~3年。术后伤椎椎体高度及Cobb角与术前相比有明显改善。 结论 GSS椎弓根螺钉内固定结合二期伤椎骨水泥灌注治疗胸腰椎骨折可达到良好的治疗效果,可作为治疗胸腰椎骨折的新的尝试。