骨创伤喷雾剂治疗急慢性软组织疼痛的疗效

 目的 评价骨创伤喷雾剂对急慢性软组织疼痛的疗效。方法 急慢性软组织疼痛157例, 随机分为对照组79例和实验组78例。对照组采用盐酸羟考酮口服, 实验组在对照组的基础上加用本院自制的骨创伤喷雾剂喷涂, 比较两组治疗后止痛起效时间、症状改善情况、疼痛VAS评分。结果 治疗后60 min、24 h、7 d实验组VAS评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01), 实验组治疗后7 d疼痛、肿胀、局部压痛、遇寒加重缓解程度评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组有效率(92.39%)高于对照组(80.65%), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组止痛起效时间(9.2±4.5)min短于对照组(42.5±13.1)min, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 骨创伤喷雾剂治疗急慢性损伤疼痛疗效确切, 无明显不良反应。
     

颈椎椎板作为椎体间植骨材料在颈椎一期后前路手术中的应用

目的评价颈椎一期后前路手术中应用自体颈椎椎板行椎间植骨融合加前路钢板固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病的效果。方法 2010年1月-2013年6月采用颈椎一期后前路手术治疗脊髓前后方均受压迫的脊髓型颈椎病患者37例,其中A组采用后路所切除的颈椎椎板行椎间植骨加前路钢板固定,B组采用自体三面皮质髂骨植骨加前路钢板固定(n=22)。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后植骨融合率、VAS评分、JOA评分及椎间隙高度变化。结果 A组手术时间(102.7±13.9min)及术中出血量(170.3±25.7ml)均明显低于B组(分别为128.9±12.3min、191.1±32.0ml),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。术后37例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~42个月,平均17.4个月。术后6个月A、B两组植骨融合率分别为94.4%(14/15)和100%(22/22),差异无统计学意义(P=0.220)。两组术后VAS评分、JOA评分、椎间隙高度较术前均显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于需行前后路手术的脊髓型颈椎病患者,颈椎椎板作为颈椎前路椎体间植骨材料是可行的。     

能谱CT低管电压对下肢血管成像图像质量及辐射剂量影响

目的:探讨能谱CT低管电压技术对下肢动脉成像图像质量及辐射剂量的影响.方法:将72例行下肢CT血管成像(CTA)的患者随机分为A、B、C三组,三组管电压分别为120 kV、100 kV及80 kV,其余扫描参数保持一致.根据原始图像和最大密度投影(MIP)重组图像对三组下肢动脉图像质量进行评分,测量血管CT值、信噪比(SNR)、对比信噪比(CNR)及患者所接受的辐射剂量.结果:①三组图像血管CT值C组最高,A组最低,三组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),图像CNR、SNR组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②辐射剂量C组最低,A组最高.与A组相比,B、C组CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(ED)分别降低35.8％、34.9％、34.4％及65.8％、64.4％、64.4％,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:能谱CT下肢血管成像使用低管电压扫描可满足临床诊断需求,且可大大降低患者所接受的辐射剂量.     

经伤椎椎弓根植骨置钉后路内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根植骨置钉结合后路椎弓根短节段内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的可行性及临床效果。方法回顾性分析东营市河口区人民医院2008年12月～2011年11月采用经伤椎椎弓根植骨置钉椎结合后路椎弓根短节段固定治疗单节段胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者36例,男性24例,女性12例;年龄26～62岁,平均39.2岁。损伤节段： T119例,T1213例,L110例,L23例,L31例;致伤原因：道路交通伤15例,高处坠落伤15例,重物砸伤6例。神经功能情况按Frankel分级： B级2例,C级13例,D级6例,E级15例。通过对术前、术后即刻以及终末随访时影像学指标、神经功能的比较分析临床疗效。结果36例均获得随访,随访时间14～60个月,平均21.6个月。术后1.5年随访时按Frankel评价标准均有1～3级不同程度恢复,腰背痛视觉模拟评分（ VAS）较术前明显改善。患者均获得骨性融合,随访影像学检查示椎管狭窄率、Cobb角、伤椎楔变角、下间隙角、上间隙角、伤椎前缘压缩率、伤椎后缘压缩率较术前明显恢复,无内固定松动或断裂等并发症发生。结论经伤椎椎弓根植骨置钉结合后路椎弓根短节段固定治疗胸腰椎骨折能够较好地重建伤椎高度,有效维持伤椎的三柱稳定性,降低了内固定失败发生率,是一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

聚D,L-乳酸多孔支架的体外相容性研究

目的 评估聚D,L-乳酸(PDLLA)三维多孔支架的体外细胞相容性,探讨其作为骨组织工程支架类材料的可行性,为进一步进行体内试验提供依据.方法 将分离、获取的第3代骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)按随机数字表法分成5组(0,3,6,9,12周组),分别用含体积分数20％降解液(0,3,6,9,12周时的PDLLA降解液)的细胞培养液和成骨诱导分化培养液进行细胞培养(以不含有降解液的细胞培养液或者成骨诱导分化培养液培养组为对照组,即0周组),从BMSCs的毒性、活力、成骨分化能力等方面定量评估PDLLA支架材料的细胞相容性;将分离、获取的第3代BMSCs种植于PDLLA支架材料上,定期进行扫描电子显微镜观察,从不同时相点细胞在PDLLA材料表面的生长情况定性评估PDLLA支架材料的细胞相容性. 结果 各组与对照组比较均未发现对细胞具有明显的毒性作用;各组均未发现对细胞的活力具有明显的负面影响(t3=-0.441,P=0.671;t6=1.596,P=0.154;t9=-0.492,P=0.636;t12=-1.135,P=0.283);各组细胞ALP染色和钙结节染色结果均表现为阳性,ALP活性定量检测和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达的定量检测与对照组之间差异均无统计学意义.扫描电镜结果显示,BMSCs在PDLLA三维多孔支架材料上呈现较好的贴壁生长.结论 PDLLA支架材料对BMSCs具有较好的体外相容性,可以作为一种骨组织工程支架类材料进行后续的体内试验.     

Restoration of bone defect and enhancement of bone ingrowth using partially demineralized bone matrix and marrow stromal cells

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the capability of combining marrow stromal cells (MSC) and partially demineralized bone matrix (PDBM) to fill bone defect and enhance bone ingrowth using a canine non-weight-bearing gap model. METHODS: Custom-made implants with 3mm gap between the porous surface and the host bone were used. The implants were inserted into the distal femurs of 25 mongrel dogs and the gaps were randomly assigned to be filled with culture-expanded autologous MSC-loaded PDBM, autograft, fresh-frozen allograft, PDBM alone, or nothing as controls. Histomorphometry using backscattered scanning electron microscopic examination, and mechanical push-out test were performed at 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Histomorphometry showed that amounts of bone regeneration in the gap and bone ingrowth into the porous-coated surface in the MSC-loaded PDBM-treated group were comparable to those of autograft-treated group and were significantly greater than those of allograft-treated, PDBM-treated, or non-grafted groups. Mechanical test showed the same differences. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that combining PDBM and autologous culture-expanded MSC restored bone stock and enhanced bone ingrowth into the porous-coated area in a canine non-weight-bearing gap model. This combination may provide an option for reconstructing bone defect when we perform a cementless revision arthroplasty.     

Repair of mandible defect with tissue engineering bone in rabbits

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tissue engineering bone composed of bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and demineralized bone in repairing mandible defect. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived osteoblasts of 20 rabbits were cultured and seeded into scaffold of allogeneic demineralized bone to construct tissue engineering bone graft in vitro, which was used to repair the 10 x 5-mm bone defect made in the same rabbit mandible edge. Implant of demineralized bone alone was as the control. Rabbits were killed according to the schedule: five after 2 weeks, five after 4 weeks, five after 8 weeks, five after 12 weeks, and the implants were harvested for gross, radiographic, and histological observation. RESULTS: New bone formation at the margin region of defect and osteogenesis at the centre were observed in the implant of tissue engineering bone, and the bone formation pattern included osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction. In the implant of demineralized bone alone, the major bone formation pattern was 'creeping substitute'. CONCLUSIONS: The tissue engineering bone graft constructed by autogenous bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and allogeneic demineralized bone was better than demineralized bone alone in bone formation capability, which might be an ideal graft for bone defect repair.     

Analysis of multiple casualty incidents - a prospective cohort study

Background:  Our aim was to report the rate and causes for multiple casualty incidents (MCI) to analyse the prehospital part of responding to MCIs, report mortality and find areas for improvement.
Methods:  A prospective cohort study conducted in an urban emergency medical service (EMS) between 1.3.1998 and 28.2.2004.
Results:  Fifty-nine MCIs involving 263 patients (167 walking, 96 non-walking) occurred. The incidence of MCIs was 1.8/100,000 inhabitants year⁻¹. Traffic accidents were the most common cause followed by residential fires, intoxications and stabbings or shootings. Early MCI alarm by the dispatching centre was performed in 18 MCIs. Deviations from standard emergency medical care occurred in 12% of patients. Lack of immobilization of the neck or back in trauma patients and lack of administration of 100% oxygen in suspected carbon monoxide intoxication were the most common deviations. Deviations were related to the lack of presence of on-scene medical command ( P =  0.0013) and inadequate resources ( P =  0.0342). One hundred and ninety-two patients were transported to emergency departments. Mortality during the prehospital phase was 4.9% (13/263) and during the next 28 days 2.3% (6/263). Adequate resources for safe and effective management of a MCI were related to an early MCI alarm by the dispatching centre ( P =  0,022) and to the presence of on-scene medical command ( P <  0,001).
Conclusions:  Traffic accidents, residential fires and intoxications were the leading causes for MCIs. Emergency medical service could respond to most MCIs efficiently and safely. Majority of deviations from standard medical care seemed potentially preventable. Several areas for improvement were identified. From prehospital links, the dispatching centre and on-scene medical command had a vital role in the successful management of MCIs.     

自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的机制探讨

目的 研究自体骨髓细胞诱导肝移植大鼠长期存活的可能机制.方法 雌性受体大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、D-hanks液组(B组)、全骨髓细胞组(C组)、间充质干细胞组(D组).观察大鼠的中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)、肝功能、病理变化、Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测观察自体骨髓细胞的分化情况.结果 C组、D组MST均>180 d(P<0.01);血肝功能指标C组、D组降低明显,有显著差异(P<0.01);C组、D组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);移植术后60 d C、D组均无明显的急性排斥反应;C组、D组Sry基因原位杂交和甲胎蛋白、白蛋白免疫组化双标检测呈阳性.结论 自体骨髓细胞能减少排斥反应、诱导大鼠肝移植术后长期存活,其中间充质干细胞在移植肝内诱导分化为肝细胞发挥肝细胞功能,是其中可能的机制.     

Chronic expanding hematoma in the psoas muscle

We report an unusual case of chronic expanding hematoma in the psoas muscle. A 53-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of a mass shadow in the left lower lung field on chest X-rays. He had also been suffering from dull left back pain. A computed tomography scan showed a cystic lesion with a rim enhancement in the left retroperitoneal space. Mixed signal intensity in a mosaic pattern was seen on a T2-weighted magnetic resonance image. We could not rule out a suspicion of a neoplastic intratumoral hemorrhage. Due to increased pain and the definite diagnosis, surgery was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of chronic expanding hematoma. The expansion process is thought to be due to the irritant effects of blood and its breakdown products, which cause repeated exudation and bleeding from capillaries in the granulation tissues.