医科职业中专生与医科本科生孤独,抑郁,自尊状况的比较研究

目的探讨医科职业高中生与医科本科生的心理健康状况的差异。方法采用ＵＣＬＡ、自尊量表、抑郁量表、感情与社会孤独量表及自编情况调查表对３５０名在校职业高中医士班、医学院本科学生进行评定。结果职业高中学生的孤独及抑郁量表得分高于医学院学生，自尊量表得分低于医学院学生。职高组轻度和中度抑郁占４２．６２％，大学组轻度和中度抑郁占２０％。结论职业高中学生心理健康水平低于医学本科生     

Loneliness,social support,social isolation and wellbeing among working age adults with and without disability: Cross-sectional study

BackgroundLoneliness is significantly related to health and wellbeing. However, there is little information on the prevalence of loneliness among people with disability or the association between disability, loneliness and wellbeing.Objective/hypothesisFor a nationally representative sample of adults (age 16–64) with/without disability, to examine exposure to three indicators of low social connectedness (loneliness, low perceived social support, social isolation), and to evaluate the association between low social connectedness and wellbeing. To test whether disability status moderated the relationship between low social connectedness and wellbeing.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from three annual rounds of the cross-sectional English Community Life Survey (CLS) 2016–19.ResultsPeople with disability experienced loneliness, low perceived social support and social isolation at significantly higher rates than people without disability. Effect sizes were significantly greater for loneliness. Disability was associated with lower wellbeing. With one exception, low social connectedness was associated with lower wellbeing. Again, effect sizes were significantly greater for loneliness. The prevalence of loneliness was highest among adults with disability who were younger, economically inactive, living in rented or other accommodation, living alone and with low levels of access to environmental assets. There was no evidence that disability status moderated the association between exposure to low social connectedness and low wellbeing.ConclusionsLoneliness was a particularly significant driver of poor wellbeing among people with disability. The relative independence between different indicators of social connectedness suggests that interventions to reduce loneliness will need to do more than simply increase rates of social contact or social support.     

How are bariatric patients coping during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? Analysis of factors known to cause weight regain among postoperative bariatric patients

BackgroundThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is wreaking havoc on society. Bariatric patients are more prone to severe infection due to their high body mass index (BMI) and are more vulnerable to the effects of isolation, such as depression or disruption of their health habits.ObjectivesTo quantify the impact of self-quarantine on bariatric patients and self-quarantine’s relationship with weight gain.SettingAcademic hospital, United States.MethodsA 30-item survey examining several known contributors to weight regain was distributed among the postoperative bariatric patients of our clinic. Changes in eating habits, exercise, depression, social support, loneliness, and anxiety were studied, among others.ResultsA total of 208 patients completed the survey (29.3% response rate). A large percentage of patients reported increases in their depression (44.2%), loneliness (36.2%), nervousness (54.7%), snacking (62.6%), loss of control when eating (48.2%), and binge eating (19.5%) and decreases in their social support (23.2%), healthy food eating (45.5%), and activity (55.2%). Difficulty in accessing vitamins was reported by 13%. Patients more than 18 months out of surgery regained more than 2 kg during an average of 47 days. Risk factors for weight regain were found to be loss of control when eating, increases in snacking and binge eating, reduced consumption of healthy food, and reduced physical activity.ConclusionBariatric patients are negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent social isolation on many levels. This patient population is vulnerable to crisis situations; thus, additional intervention is needed to address behaviors that lead to weight regain.     

Soledad no deseada,salud y desigualdades sociales a lo largo del ciclo vital

ObjectiveTo analyse the prevalence of unwanted loneliness in our context and its association with health from a life cycle and social inequalities perspective.MethodCross-sectional study based on data from the Health Survey of the Basque Country (n = 7.228; response rate 79%). The prevalence of unwanted loneliness, its association with perceived health and mental health, and social inequalities according to social class were analysed. To analyse the association, age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) calculated from robust Poisson models were calculated.ResultsThe feeling of unwanted loneliness affects 23.3% of men and 29.7% of women, being higher in older people and young adults, and in the most disadvantaged social classes. Feeling alone is associated with worse health, both general (PRa men 2.11, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.77-2.51; PRa women 2.10, 95%CI 1.83-2.41) and mental (PRa men 3.95, 95%CI 3.15-4.95; RPa women 3.50, 95%CI 2.99-4.12). Social inequalities in loneliness, as well as the association between it and poor health, was greater among young adults.ConclusionsThe results of the study have important implications for intervention in the reduction and prevention of unwanted loneliness, underlining the importance of the life cycle and social inequalities.     

医学院大学生孤独及其相关因素初探

目的了解医学院大学生的生活事件与孤独之间的关系,探求孤独情绪对于应对方式的影响。方法采用孤独量表、青少年生活事件量表和应对方式量表,对浙江省某医学院的210名大学生进行集体问卷调查。结果性别、年级以及专业对大学生孤独情绪无显著影响;大学生的孤独情绪状况与生活事件以及应对方式有不同程度的相关;不同的生活事件导致学生不同的孤独情绪水平,不同孤独情绪水平的学生倾向于不同的应对方式。结论医学院大学生的孤独有其成因和特点,必须针对这些成因和特点开展心理健康教育。     

医学院学生焦虑、抑郁、孤独及相关因素探讨

目的了解医学院大学生的生活事件与焦虑、抑郁以及孤独之间的关系,并探求情绪对于应对方式的影响。方法采用《焦虑自评量表》、《自评抑郁量表和抑郁状态问卷》、《孤独量表》以及《青少年生活事件量表》和《应对方式量表》,对浙江省某医学院的210名大学生进行集体问卷调查。结果性别、年级以及专业对于大学生的生活事件、情绪以及应对方式均有影响;大学生的情绪状况与生活事件和应对方式有不同程度的相关;不同的生活事件导致学生不同的情绪水平;不同情绪水平的学生倾向于不同的应对方式;最后,我们还得到了生活事件对于不同情绪的回归方程。结论医学院大学生的不良情绪有其各自的成因和特点,医学院大学生的心理健康教育必须针对这些成因和特点来进行。     

大学生手机依赖综合征及与孤独感关系

目的 了解大学生手机依赖综合征（MPDS）的现状及其与孤独感的关系。方法 通过便利抽样方法,对复旦大学在校大学生进行一般情况、手机依赖和孤独感情况进行调查,应用累积logistic回归分析大学生MPDS与孤独感的关系。结果 共有效调查大学生915人,其中手机依赖综合征（MPDS）现患率为22.4%（205/915）;最近遭遇较大挫折（32.4%）及健康状况差（63.6%）的大学生MPDS现患率较高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;92.8%（849/915）的大学生存在不同程度的孤独感,其中高度孤独体验者占35.0%（320/915）;有手机依赖综合征的大学生发生孤独感的可能性是非手机依赖综合征患者的1.60倍（OR=1.60,95%CI=1.19~2.14）。结论 MPDS在大学生群体中现患率较高,并且是大学生孤独感的危险因素。     

Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic—are unpartnered and childless older adults at higher risk?

COVID-19 mitigation efforts had the potential to exacerbate loneliness among older adults, particularly for the unpartnered or childless, yet specific studies on loneliness among these groups during the COVID-19 pandemic are lacking. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) collected before (October 2019–March 2020) and during the pandemic (June–August 2020), we examine two loneliness outcomes: (1) “have you felt lonely recently?” (both datasets) and (2) “have you felt lonelier than before the pandemic?” (2020), and examine differences by partnership and parenthood status. Before COVID-19, those who lacked one tie but had the other (unpartnered parents or partnered childless) were at highest loneliness risk. During COVID-19, unpartnered and childless—especially unpartnered—remain at higher risk for loneliness, entering loneliness, and not “exiting” loneliness. We discuss these findings in light of family norms and needs in pandemic and non-pandemic times and provide recommendations for future research.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-022-00718-x.     

脑卒中患者社会疏离及影响因素研究

目的 探讨脑卒中患者社会疏离现状及影响因素,为干预性研究提供依据。方法 应用一般情况调查表、Lubben社会网络量表、孤独感量表、脑卒中病耻感量表、自我感受负担量表,于2022年9月采用整群随机取样对河南省脑卒中患者进行调查。应用t检验、单因素方差分析、多元逐步线性回归进行分析。结果 共纳入患者1 028名,其中27.7%患者存在客观社会疏离,10.6%患者存在家庭隔离,8.9%患者存在朋友隔离,41.0%存在高风险社会隔离,27.8%患者存在主观社会疏离。客观社会疏离总分为（15.61±5.37）分,主观社会疏离总分为（41.65±9.08）分,处于中等水平。自我感受负担、病耻感与主观社会疏离呈正相关。多元逐步分析结果显示,自我感受负担、病耻感、文化程度、脑卒中发作次数、TOAST分型是其主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 脑卒中患者客观社会疏离较常见,主观社会疏离处于中等水平。在护理工作中应重点关注文化程度低、病情重、复发、自我感受负担和病耻感高的患者,采取针对性的干预措施。     

The Loneliness of Aging

Isolation and loneliness have become buzz words when discussing older adults during the coronavirus disease pandemic; yet, these are age-old problems. Both have been studied extensively, yet there currently is no rapid or succinct tool that can be used in the emergency department to screen for either, or a consensus of evidence-based ways to correct these issues. This is of concern because both loneliness and social isolation have been linked to poor health. Poor health, in turn, can lead to worse isolation and loneliness. These health problems may lead to the older adult seeking care in the emergency department where screening and initial treatment could be initiated. Suggestions for questions that emergency nurses can ask to identify an older adult who is lonely or suffers from social isolation, as well as steps to consider when encountering the older adult with complaints of loneliness and/or social isolation, are provided, with the realization that these are only the first steps of many that would need to be taken. The purpose of this article is to bring forward updated information that discusses loneliness and social isolation in older adults, a timely priority during the coronavirus disease pandemic and often listed as a factor in older adult deaths. A review of relevant screening tools for use in the emergency department are provided.