吡哆胺对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞增殖的影响

目的研究吡哆胺对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的人近端肾小管上皮细胞株HK-2细胞增殖的影响,并通过与替米沙坦的比较探讨其作用机制。方法以吡哆胺和替米沙坦分别干预经过AngⅡ诱导的HK-2细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术分析细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)水平,实时荧光定量PCR及Western Blot分别检测糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组比较,AngⅡ可抑制HK-2细胞的增殖,使细胞内ROS生成增加并上调RAGE、TGF-β1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(均为P<0.01);0.1,1mmol/L的吡哆胺均能明显减轻AngⅡ对HK-2细胞增殖的抑制作用,同时减少ROS生成,并下调RAGE、TGF-β1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(均为P<0.01);0.1,1mmol/L浓度吡哆胺的作用均优于替米沙坦。结论吡哆胺能减轻AngⅡ对HK-2细胞增殖的抑制作用。这一效应可能与吡哆胺减轻氧化应激、抑制AGEs-RAGE及下调纤维化因子TGF-β1的表达有关。     

胸骨横断切口中钛板固定的应用

 目的 比较钛板固定系统在胸骨横断切口中与传统钢丝固定的区别。方法 对2005年1月至2009年12月期间收治的249例胸骨横断切口行胸腺和胸腺瘤切除的重症肌无力患者进行回顾性分析,其中钢丝缝合胸骨120例(钢丝组),应用钛板固定系统129例(钛板组),并比较两组患者的胸骨愈合情况。结果 术后短期(1周内):(1)钛板组患者的胸骨稳定性明显优于钢丝组(P<0.01);(2)钛板组患者术后疼痛评分平均为3.79±1.31,低于钢丝组的4.48±1.43 (P<0.01);(3)钛板组患者平均下床活动时间为(2.78±0.79)天,早于钢丝组的(3.59±0.89)天(P<0.01);(4)两组间的表面伤口延期愈合无明显差异(P>0.05)。术后长期(6周以上):钛板组的胸骨愈合率优于钢丝组(P<0.05)。结论 钛板固定系统对胸骨断端的固定呈高强度三维固定。在胸骨横断的手术患者中使用钛板固定系统能有效提高术后患者的胸骨稳定性,减轻患者术后疼痛,增强患者活动能力,降低远期胸骨不愈发生率,较传统钢丝固定有明显优势。     

锁定钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折36例分析

目的探讨锁定钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效。方法应用肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折36例,其中Neer分类二部分骨折6例,三部分骨折23例,四部分骨折7例。治疗后评价肩关节功能。结果术后所有患者随访4～12个月,接Neer评分标准判断：优19例,良12例,可5例。总优良率为86．1％。结论锁定钢板治疗肱骨外科颈骨折,内固定牢靠,骨折愈合良好,可早期功能锻炼,术后无严重并发症,是目前比较理想的治疗方法。     

Regions of botulinum neurotoxin A light chain recognized by human anti-toxin antibodies from cervical dystonia patients immunoresistant to toxin treatment. The antigenic structure of the active toxin recognized by human antibodies

This work was aimed at determining the BoNT/A L-chain antigenic regions recognized by blocking antibodies in human antisera from cervical dystonia patients who had become immunoresistant to BoNT/A treatment. Antisera from 28 immunoresistant patients were analyzed for binding to each of 32 overlapping synthetic peptides that spanned the entire L-chain. A mixture of the antisera showed that antibodies bound to three peptides, L11 (residues 141-159), L14 (183-201) and L18 (239-257). When mapped separately, the antibodies were bound only by a limited set of peptides. No peptide bound antibodies from all the patients and amounts of antibodies bound to a given peptide varied with the patient. Peptides L11, L14 and L18 were recognized predominantly. A small but significant number of patients had antibodies to peptides L27 (365-383) and L29 (379-397). Other peptides were recognized at very low and perhaps insignificant antibody levels by a minority (15% or less) of patients or had no detectable antibody with any of the sera. In the 3-dimensional structure, antibody-binding regions L11, L14 and L18 of the L-chain occupy surface areas and did not correlate with electrostatic potential, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, or temperature factor. These three antigenic regions reside in close proximity to the belt of the heavy chain. The regions L11 and L18 are accessible in both the free light chain and the holotoxin forms, while L14 appears to be less accessible in the holotoxin. Antibodies against these regions could prevent delivery of the L-chain into the neurons by inhibition of the translocation.     

N-acetyl-cysteine protects chicken growth plate chondrocytes from T-2 toxin-induced oxidative stress

T‐2 toxin is now considered to be related to bone malformation such as incomplete ossification, absence of bones and fused bones. In this study, primary cultures of chicken tibial growth plate chondrocytes (GPCs) were treated with various concentrations of T‐2 toxin (5, 50, and 500 n m ) in the absence and presence of N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC) to investigate the effects of the antioxidant NAC on T‐2 toxin‐induced toxicity. Our results showed that T‐2 toxin markedly decreased cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and glutathione content (P < 0.05). In addition, T‐2 toxin significantly increased reactive oxygen species levels and malondialdehyde in a dose‐dependent manner. However, the T‐2 toxin‐induced cytotoxicity was reversed, in part, by the antioxidant NAC (P < 0.05). These results suggest that T‐2 toxin inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of GPCs in vitro by altering cellular homeostasis and NAC can protect GPCs against T‐2 toxin cytotoxicity by reducing the T‐2 toxin‐induced oxidative stress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biodegradable nanoparticles mimicking platelet binding as a targeted and controlled drug delivery system

This research aims to develop targeted nanoparticles as drug carriers to the injured arterial wall under fluid shear stress by mimicking the natural binding ability of platelets via interactions of glycoprotein Ib-alpha (GPIbα) of platelets with P-selectin of damaged endothelial cells (ECs) and/or with von Willebrand factor (vWF) of the subendothelium. Drug-loaded poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were formulated using a standard emulsion method and conjugated with glycocalicin, the external fraction of platelet GPIbα, via carbodiimide chemistry. Surface-coated and cellular uptake studies in ECs showed that conjugation of PLGA nanoparticles, with GPIb, significantly increased nanoparticle adhesion to P-selectin- and vWF-coated surfaces as well as nanoparticle uptake by activated ECs under fluid shear stresses. In addition, effects of nanoparticle size and shear stress on adhesion efficiency were characterized through parallel flow chamber studies. The observed decrease in bound nanoparticle density with increased particle sizes and shear stresses is also explained through a computational model. Our results demonstrate that the GPIb-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles can be used as a targeted and controlled drug delivery system under flow conditions at the site of vascular injury.     

锁定钢板在肱骨近端骨折治疗中的应用

目的:探讨锁定钢板在肱骨近端骨折内固定中的疗效.方法:总结分析34例采用锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折患者的资料.根据Neer分型:Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型15例,Ⅳ型8例.术中骨折复位后有骨缺损者取自体髂骨植骨8例.术后患肢用三角巾悬吊,2周后功能锻炼.结果:34例均获随访,随访时间11 ～ 29个月,平均14个月,切口均一期愈合,骨折平均愈合时间4.5月.根据Neer评分:优12例,良16例,可5例,差1例,优良率82.35％.结论:锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折具有操作简单、固定可靠、骨折愈合率高、并发症少等优点,适用于肱骨近端复杂骨折的治疗.     

椎板支撑钢板对颈椎单开门轴性症状的影响

目的探讨在颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术（ELAP）中应用椎板支撑钢板固定技术对术后轴性症状的影响。方法选择我院2007年6月～2011年2月采用传统缝线悬吊ELAP治疗的31例脊髓型颈椎病患者为A组,同期采用传统缝线悬吊辅以椎板支撑钢板固定ELAP治疗的35例患者为B组,比较术后及术后1年两组间JOA评分改善率、轴性症状发生率。结果术后及术后1年两组间JOA评分改善率[A组为（58.57±2.32）%和（61.09±5.14）%,B组为（59.83±3.16）%和（62.51±4.13）%]比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后轴性症状发生率A组为41.94%（13例）,B组为17.14%（6例）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后1年轴性症状发生率A组为3.23%（1例）,B组为2.86%（1例）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论传统ELAP中应用椎板支撑钢板固定技术能减少术后近期轴性症状的发生,但对术后远期的轴性症状无影响。     

老年股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗体会

目的探讨股骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年股骨顺粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法对2011年3月—2012年3月来该院就诊的68例老年股骨顺粗隆间骨折患者采用股骨近端锁定钢板进行治疗,回顾性分析其临床疗效。结果随访5～13个月,平均（7.16±2.83）个月;骨折愈合时间3～8个月,平均（5.13±1.19）个月。经Harris评定髋关节功能评分,优24例（35.29%）,良38例（55.88%）,可4例（5.88%）,差2例（2.94%）,优良率为91.18%。结论采用股骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年股骨顺粗隆间骨折具有较好的临床疗效,且创伤小,出血小,手术时间短,故值得临床推广使用。     

不同手术方式治疗胫腓骨骨折的疗效比较

目的探讨不同手术方式治疗胫腓骨骨折的疗效及术后并发症情况。方法我院2008年1月～2010年6月手术治疗的100例胫腓骨骨折,根据入院随机数字表法将100例患者随机分为：A组（自锁髓内钉组）36例、B组（单臂外固定支架组）38例,C组（加压钢板组）26例,比较各组的手术疗效及并发症情况。结果 A组患者骨痂出现时间早、骨折愈合及住院时间短明显短于其他两组（P〈0.05）。A组总有效率明显高于B组、C组（P〈0.05）。且A组无一例发生再骨折,其术后并发症的发生率明显低于B组、C组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫腓骨骨折疗效优于外固定支架、加压钢板治疗,并发症少,住院时间短,临床医生根据患者的具体情况应优先选择。