Comparison of three models of neuropathic pain in mice using a new method to assess cold allodynia: The double plate technique

The recent identification of receptors sensitive to cold stimuli increased the significance of using mice to study cold allodynia, one of the important features of neuropathic pain. However, commonly used techniques (simple cold plate and acetone technique) may be inappropriate to study cold allodynia in mice because of problems of interpretation. We have developed a new method for assessing aversion to a cold non-noxious stimulus. It consists of calculating the time that mice spend on a non-noxious cold plate during their explorative behavior versus a thermoneutral one. We used three different models of neuropathic pain: chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI), partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) and chronic constriction of the saphenous nerve (CCS) with their respective sham groups and naive animals to assess the double plate in comparison to the acetone drop technique. All operated mice displayed cold allodynia with both methods. The response to acetone and the time spent on the cold plate were correlated (r = −0.93) and we also showed that the CCI mice were more sensitive to cold. Pharmacological validation of this technique showed that CCI induced cold allodynia was alleviated by gabapentin. In conclusion, the double plate technique provides a new, relevant method for assessing cold allodynia in mice. The advantages and drawbacks with the other techniques are discussed.     

股骨近端解剖型钢板在股骨转子间骨折中应用

目的:报告股骨近端解剖型钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法:应用股骨近端解剖钢板治疗19例股骨转子间骨折,评价治疗结果。结果:19例病人中4个月全部骨性愈合,髋关节屈伸活动恢复95%以上,旋转活动恢复85%,2例轻度髋内翻。结论:股骨近端解剖型钢板治疗转子间骨折具有手术简单,有效,符合生物力学要求,效果满意。     

Covalent immobilization of proteins onto photoactivated polystyrene microtiter plates for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures

Enhancement of the speed and sensitivity of an ELISA technique was achieved by doing it on a polystyrene microtiter plate preactivated by a simple photochemical reaction. Immobilization of Epicoccum nigrum antigen (allergenic antigen) or goat anti-rabbit IgG onto the photoactivated plates was found to occur in only 45 min with higher binding than that obtained through adsorption during the same period onto the untreated surface. Nearly 1.5-2-folds higher readings were obtained when the ELISA was carried out with the solid phase prepared on the photoactivated surface rather than on the untreated surface. Moreover, solid phases prepared on the activated surface could detect IgE (E. nigrum antibody) even at 1/50 (v/v) dilutions, whereas a solid phase prepared on the untreated surface failed to do so. Around three times higher ELISA values were obtained in the activated plate than the untreated plate when IgE was diluted to 1/5 (v/v). Such photoactivated surface could be of great importance in diagnostic tests involving the ELISA technique particularly to confirm false negative cases and for other immunoassays such as radioimmunoassay procedures.     

双开门椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病评价

目的:报道双开门式椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:观察和分析作者在1999～2001年期间,采用双开门式椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病35例患者。随访40.6个月(26～56个月)。比较患者术前术后的JOA评分和X线片及CT或MRI改变。结果:末次随访JOA评分改善率:优28.6％(10例),良37.1％(13例),一般22.9％(8例),差11.4％(4例)。JOA评分为(12.6±3.5)分(9～17分),与术前JOA评分情况比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。神经功能改善率为88.6％,优良率为65.7％。X线片及CT或MRI显示:术后椎管矢状径和椎管面积增加,两者与术前测量结果比较差异均有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论:双开门式椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病,可通过扩大颈椎管,使脊髓后移而获得减压;只要操作得当,可取得满意疗效。     

皮质骨圈在椎弓根钉固定系统中支撑作用的生物力学评价

目的：了解脊椎椎弓根钉固定系统在人体皮质骨圈（allograft fusion cage,AFC)植入椎间隙前后对脊柱稳定性的影响。方法：在8具新鲜成年猪离体腰椎标上，以L2－3，L3－R，L4－5节段为实验对象，测试各节段在正常状态下（正常组）、椎间盘切除并Steffee钢板固定（内固定组）、椎间盘切除AFC植入Steffee钢板固定（AFC组）等三种种状态下的轴向压缩刚度。结果：（1）内固定组节段轴向压缩刚度为正常组的14．0％；（2）AFC组节段的轴向压缩刚度明显增加，达到了正常椎间的轴向压缩刚度；（3）在相同轴向压缩载荷作用下，AFC给椎弓根钉受力移位较内固定组明显减小。结论：脊椎椎弓根钉固定系统在AFC椎间植入后，对脊椎稳定性较无AFC植入显著增强，其受力移位明显减小，即可显著减少临床断钉。钢板折弯的机会。     

掌背侧联合入路锁定加压钛板内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨锁定加压钛板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折疗效。方法对2001～2006年间49例桡骨远端骨折经掌背侧联合入路锁定加压钛板内固定，钛板置于桡骨远端背侧，骨缺损严重者（20例）均置入人工骨（OsteoSet）。术后功能康复时间，6～24周，平均10.6剧。结果随访6～24个月。按Dienst功能评估标准进行评定：优40例，良7例，差2例，优良率95.9％。结论掌背侧联合入路锁定加压钛板内固定治疗移位的桡骨远端骨折疗效显著。     

Age‐ and site‐specific decline in insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor expression is correlated with differential growth plate activity in the mouse hindlimb

The proximal and distal growth plates of the principal long bones do not contribute equally to longitudinal growth. Most forelimb elongation occurs at the shoulder and wrist, while most hindlimb growth occurs at the knee. This study examined whether insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), a potent growth regulator, could underlie this variation via differential receptor expression. The spatiotemporal distribution of the IGF‐I receptor (IGF‐IR) was mapped in hindlimb growth plates (overall and within regional zones) from immature mice using immunohistochemistry. Growth activity was assessed by size/morphology of the growth plate and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Both IGF‐IR and PCNA staining declined considerably with age in the proximal femur and distal tibia (hip and ankle), but expression remained high in the more active distal femur and proximal tibia (knee) throughout growth. Growth plate size decreased with age in all sites, but the absolute and relative decline in IGF‐IR in the hips and ankles of older mice indicated a site‐specific loss of IGF‐I sensitivity in these less active regions. These results suggest that regulation of the IGF‐IR may at least partially mediate differential long bone growth, thereby providing a local mechanism for altering skeletal proportions absent modification of systemic hormone levels. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Antiamnesic effect of acyl-prolyl-containing dipeptide (GVS-111) in compression-induced damage to frontal cortex

Antiamnestic effect of acyl-prolyl-containing dipeptide GVS-111 was demonstrated in rats with bilateral compression-induced damage to the frontal cortex. Both intraperitoneal and oral administration of the dipeptide improved retrieval of passive avoidance responses in rats with compression-induced cerebral ischemia compared to untreated controls. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 272–274, September, 2000     

Diffraction ellipsometry studies of osmotically compressed muscle fibers

Microstructural features of relaxed, skinned muscle fibers compressed with polyvinylpyrollidone were examined by optical diffraction ellipsometry. This technique is sensitive to the optical anisotropy within the muscle, including that due to intrinsic properties of the protein molecules as well as that due to the regular arrangement of proteins in the surrounding medium. The change in polarization state of light after interacting with the muscle is described by the differential field ratio (DFR) and birefringence (n). Compression of single fibers (sarcomere length = 2.6 m) with 0%–21% polyvinylpyrrolidone caused an increase of up to 23% and 31% for DFR and n, respectively. The largest increase in both parameters occurred at intermediate sarcomere lengths. Theoretical modelling of the results suggest that the average S-1 tilt angle may be reduced upon compression of the filament lattice. This is supported by experiments in which S-1 was enzymatically cleaved with -chymotrypsin. Separate experiments comparing fibers with intact membranes and skinned fibers compressed to an equivalent lattice spacing showed little difference in DFR or n.