NSCLC患者血清sB7-H3和CYFRA21-1检测及临床应用

目的 探讨血清可溶性B7-H3（sB7-H3）和细胞角蛋白19片段抗原（CYFRA21-1）检测对非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）的诊断价值.方法 分别采用 ELISA和电化学发光法检测 72 例 NSCLC及 68 例肺部良性病患者血清sB7-H3 和 CYFRA21-1水平.结果 NSCLC 患者血清sB7-H3水平及阳性率[（98.34±35.17）ng/ml,61.11%]均明显高于肺部良性病患者[（70.89±20.62）ng/ml,7.32%];NSCLC 患者血清CYFRA21-1 水平及阳性率[（15.08±7.98）ng/ml,66.67%]均明显高于肺部良性病患者[（3.21±2.65）ng/ml,4.41%];差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.NSCLC 经TNM分期后,随着肿瘤分级级别的升高,sB7-H3水平[Ⅰ/Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期分别为（85.21±36.14）ng/ml、（98.62±＋40.38）ng/ml和（107.17±41.66）ng/ml],CYFRA21-1水平和[Ⅰ/Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期分别为（10.23±5.65）ng/ml、（15.52±6.84）ng/ml和（18.08±5.93）ng/ml]也升高.sB7-H3 和 CYFRA21-1联检后,灵敏度和一致性增高,特异性降低.结论 sB7-H3 和 CYFRA21-1对 NSCLC 有一定的辅助诊断价值,另外,或可应用于对TNM的分期,联检可提高对NSCLC的阳性诊断.     

IL-19及其相关因子在大鼠自身免疫性心肌炎各时程的表达特征

目的探讨IL-19及其相关因子在大鼠实验性自身免疫性心肌炎(EAM)急慢性期各时程的表达特征。方法建立大鼠EAM模型;病理学评估EAM急慢性期(normal、3w、3m、6m)心肌损伤程度;应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测IL-19及其两条受体链IL-20R1/IL-20R2,IL-20在EAM大鼠各脏器(心、肝、脾、肾)以及在心肌组织各时程(normal、3w、3m、6m)的mRNA表达;进一步应用ELISA法检测IL-19和IL-20在EAM各时程心脏组织匀浆中的蛋白表达。结果在EAM大鼠急性期3周时IL-19、IL-20与IL-20R2主要在心脏表达,IL-20R1主要在肾脏表达;在EAM大鼠慢性期3个月时IL-19主要在脾脏表达,IL-20主要在肝脏及脾脏表达,IL-20R1主要在肾脏表达,IL-20R2主要在心脏表达;IL-19及其两条受体链IL-20R1/R2在EAM大鼠心肌组织的表达高峰均出现在急性期3周,随后逐渐减少,在慢性期(3m、6m)已基本接近正常水平;而IL-20在EAM大鼠心肌组织的表达高峰在慢性期3个月,IL-19和IL-20心肌组织的蛋白水平与基因表达呈现一致性。结论 IL-19及其相关因子参与EAM的发病进程,IL-19主要在EAM急性期炎症反应的过程中发挥重要作用。     

CK19和PCNA在肝纤维化大鼠部分肝切除后再生肝中的表达

目的　检测肝纤维化大鼠部分肝切除后不同时点CK19及PCNA的表达,了解胆管再生情况。 方法　雄性SD大鼠,对照组和实验组各42只,实验组腹腔注射CCl4制备肝纤维化模型,两组均进行部分肝切除术,在不同时点取材后利用HE、免疫组化及免疫荧光双标染色等方法检测CK19和PCNA的表达情况。 结果　实验组和对照组术后随时间延长CK19表达均呈增强趋势,且实验组术后各时间点CK19的表达均高于对照组同时间点。两组PCNA的表达量都随时间推移逐步升高,但实验组大鼠明显上升缓慢,持续时间延长,表达高峰晚于对照组出现。 结论　 （1）肝纤维化大鼠部分肝切除能刺激肝卵圆细胞增殖和向胆管细胞的分化,而正常大鼠部分肝切除后再生肝中的胆管上皮细胞主要来源于原有细胞的代偿性增生。（2）术前肝纤维化大鼠的肝脏细胞就出现了增殖修复,术后由于肝纤维化大鼠本身肝脏受到伤害,因此肝脏的有效再生细胞数低于正常肝脏。     

Biological properties and regulation of IL-10 related cytokines and their contribution to autoimmune disease and tissue injury

The IL-10 cytokine family has nine members, four of which are located in the IL10 cluster on chromosome 1q32. These cytokines are the immune regulatory cytokine IL-10 itself, and the IL-20 subfamily members IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24. IL-10 instructs innate and adaptive immune responses and limits pro-inflammatory responses in order to prevent tissue damage. The IL-20 subfamily members are involved in host defense mechanisms, particularly from epithelial cells and seem essential for tissue integrity. Dysregulation of IL-10 family cytokines results in inflammation and autoimmune disease. Here, we discuss cellular source, gene regulation, and receptor complexes of cytokines in the IL10 cluster and their contribution to autoimmune disease and tissue damage.     

IgG immune response to B19 parvovirus VP1 and VP2 linear epitopes by immunoblot assay

Human B19 parvovirus recombinant capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 were expressed in E. coli and purified. Recombinant proteins were used to detect a specific IgG immune response against VP1 and VP2 linear epitopes by immunoblot assay. A total of 222 serum samples from 218 apparently immunocompetent subjects with different clinical conditions and laboratory evaluations with regards to B19 infection were analyzed. The sera had previously been tested for B19 DNA and for specific IgM and IgG against VP2 conformational antigens by ELISA assay. The data show that, during the active or very recent phase of infection, IgG anti-VP1 linear epitopes appear in concomitance and with the same frequency as IgG anti-VP2 conformational antigens. IgG against conformational VP2 antigens and against linear VP1 epitopes seem to persist for months or years in the majority of individuals. IgG against VP2 linear epitopes are generally present during the active or very recent phase of infection and during the convalescent phase, while they are present only in about 20% of subjects with signs of a past B19 infection. J. Med. Virol. 57:174–178, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Macrophages from disease resistant B2 haplotype chickens activate T lymphocytes more effectively than macrophages from disease susceptible B19 birds

Resistance to respiratory pathogens, including coronavirus-induced infection and clinical illness in chickens has been correlated with the B (MHC) complex and differential ex vivo macrophage responses. In the current study, in vitro T lymphocyte activation measured by IFNγ release was significantly higher in B2 versus B19 haplotypes. AIV infection of macrophages was required to activate T lymphocytes and prior in vivo exposure of chickens to NP AIV plasmid enhanced responses to infected macrophages. This study suggests that the demonstrated T lymphocyte activation is in part due to antigen presentation by the macrophages as well as cytokine release by the infected macrophages, with B2 haplotypes showing stronger activation. These responses were present both in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. In contrast, T lymphocytes stimulated by ConA showed greater IFNγ release of B19 haplotype cells, further indicating the greater responses in B2 haplotypes to infection is due to macrophages, but not T cells. In summary, resistance of B2 haplotype chickens appears to be directly linked to a more vigorous innate immune response and the role macrophages play in activating adaptive immunity.     

Comparison of different compressed sensing algorithms for low SNR 19F MRI applications—Imaging of transplanted pancreatic islets and cells labeled with perfluorocarbons

Transplantation of pancreatic islets is a possible treatment option for patients suffering from Type I diabetes. In vivo imaging of transplanted islets is important for assessment of the transplantation site and islet distribution. Thanks to its high specificity, the absence of intrinsic background signal in tissue and its potential for quantification, ¹⁹F MRI is a promising technique for monitoring the fate of transplanted islets in vivo. In order to overcome the inherent low sensitivity of ¹⁹F MRI, leading to long acquisition times with low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), compressed sensing (CS) techniques are a valuable option. We have validated and compared different CS algorithms for acceleration of ¹⁹F MRI acquisition in a low SNR regime using pancreatic islets labeled with perfluorocarbons both in vitro and in vivo. Using offline simulation on both in vitro and in vivo low SNR fully sampled ¹⁹F MRI datasets of labeled islets, we have shown that CS is effective in reducing the image acquisition time by a factor of three to four without seriously affecting SNR, regardless of the particular algorithms used in this study, with the exception of CoSaMP. Using CS, signals can be detected that might have been missed by conventional ¹⁹F MRI. Among different algorithms (SPARSEMRI, OMMP, IRWL1, Two‐level and CoSAMP), the two‐level l₁ method has shown the best performance if computational time is taken into account. We have demonstrated in this study that different existing CS algorithms can be used effectively for low SNR ¹⁹F MRI. An up to fourfold gain in SNR/scan time could be used either to reduce the scan time, which is beneficial for clinical and translational applications, or to increase the number of averages, to potentially detect otherwise undetected signal when compared with conventional ¹⁹F MRI acquisitions. Potential applications in the field of cell therapy have been demonstrated.     

微型双功能抗体在裸鼠体内介导人T细胞杀伤白血病细胞

目的:研究抗CD3/抗CD19微型双功能抗体介导人T细胞对白血病细胞的特异性靶向杀伤活性。方法:利用Ficoll-Hypaque法分离外周血淋巴细胞(PBL),流式细胞术从中分选T淋巴细胞,FACS检测T细胞表面标记CD25和CD69激活后的表达变化,实时定量PCR检测各组穿孔素(Perforin)和颗粒酶A(Granzyme A)的释放,建立BALB/c裸鼠Raji细胞移植瘤模型,测定该双功能抗体介导的体内靶向杀伤活性。结果:激活的T细胞,双功能抗体组CD25和CD69的表达以及释放Perforin和Granzyme A的量均明显高于对照组,在对人白血病裸鼠移植瘤模型的生物治疗中,抗CD3/抗CD19微型双功能抗体能有效抑制白血病移植瘤的生长。结论:抗CD3/抗CD19微型双功能抗体在体外及动物肿瘤模型实验中能介导人T细胞有效杀伤白血病细胞,具有潜在的临床应用前景。     

T‐cell responses and therapies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, a novel coronavirus strain. Some studies suggest that COVID‐19 could be an immune‐related disease, and failure of effective immune responses in initial stages of viral infection could contribute to systemic inflammation and tissue damage, leading to worse disease outcomes. T cells can act as a double‐edge sword with both pro‐ and anti‐roles in the progression of COVID‐19. Thus, better understanding of their roles in immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is crucial. T cells primarily react to the spike protein on the coronavirus to initiate antiviral immunity; however, T‐cell responses can be suboptimal, impaired or excessive in severe COVID‐19 patients. This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of T cells in COVID‐19 pathogenesis and rationalizes their significance in eliciting appropriate antiviral immune responses in COVID‐19 patients and unexposed individuals. In addition, we summarize the potential therapeutic approaches related to T cells to treat COVID‐19 patients. These include adoptive T‐cell therapies, vaccines activating T‐cell responses, recombinant cytokines, Th1 activators and Th17 blockers, and potential utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with anti‐inflammatory drugs to improve antiviral T‐cell responses against SARS‐CoV‐2.