慢性肾功能衰竭患者生存质量调查研究

目的探讨如何提高慢性肾功能衰竭患者的生存质量。方法将38例CRF患者确诊前和12个月后的生存质量各项得分进行比较。结果CRF患者在确诊前和12个月后躯体疼痛项目得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而生理职能、生理功能、总体健康、活力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康等7个项目12个月后得分值显著低于确诊前,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论随着CRF患者病程的延长,患者的生存质量均会出现显著的下降,针对CRF患者,医院、家庭应该紧密协作,共同努力提高其生存质量。     

Coins and Costs: A Simple and Rapid Assessment of Basic Financial Knowledge

Introduction We describe a simple and rapid screening test for basic financial knowledge that is suitable for administration to people with mild intellectual disabilities. Method The Coins and Costs test asks respondents to name coins, and to estimate prices of objects ranging between £1 (an ice cream) and £100K (a small house). The test was administered, alongside a battery of neuropsychological tests, to 40 people attending day services (mean Full‐Scale IQ = 59.1). Results Total scores were normally distributed, and correlated significantly with receptive language ability and performance on memory tests, but not with IQ or executive functioning. Conclusion The test provides a rapid (<5 min) screening test that has good psychometric properties and appears very suitable for assessing basic financial knowledge of people with mild intellectual disabilities.     

Delirium and the functional recovery of older medical inpatients after acute illness: The significance of biological factors

Previous studies have not clarified the relationship of delirium to functional capacity during acute illness. We have investigated this relationship, incorporating the potential roles of APOE genotype and circulating cytokines in a longitudinal study of acutely admitted patients aged 70+ years. In all participants was measured the: Barthel Index (BI), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), confusion assessment method (CAM), delirium rating scale (DRS), APACHE II, APOE genotype. In a sub-sample: serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 (Levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist activity IL-1RA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Of 164 participants, mean age 84.6 ± 6.57 years (±S.D.), 67.1% were women. On first assessment, mean BI was 14.13 ± 4.46 and delirium prevalence was 25.6%. At discharge, the mean BI of survivors (n = 150) was 15.61 ± 4.22. By discharge, survivors who had recovered from prevalent delirium had significant improvement in BI (n = 38, p = 0.005), but non-recovers did not (n = 14, p = 0.512). On, multivariate analysis, BI was significantly affected by MMSE, APOE, IL-1α, IL-6, LIF and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05) but not by delirium. Delirium in acutely admitted patients is associated with functional decline only in those who do not recover. Biological factors, rather that delirium itself, may be responsible for this.     

Comparison of once and twice weekly water exercise on various bodily functions in community-dwelling frail elderly requiring nursing care

Previous research suggests that water exercise (WE) improves bodily functions of the frail elderly, but there is as yet no research on the effect of once weekly WE. This study aims to compare the effects of once and twice weekly WE on bodily functions of frail elderly requiring nursing care in six months. The design is a prospective cohort study. Participants were assigned to two different exercise groups (once weekly group or twice weekly group; n = 35). Once weekly group participate in a 60-min exercise session once a week, for six months while twice weekly group attended the session twice a week. Exercise sessions were divided into a 10-min warm-up on land and 50 min of exercise in water. The 50-min WE program consisted of 20 min walking, 10 min activities of daily living (ADL) exercise, 10 min stretching and strength exercises, and 10 min relaxation in water. Muscle strength, flexibility, balance, mobility and ADL disability were measured before the beginning of intervention and three months and six months after the program had started. Significant differences between the once and twice weekly groups were found in flexibility and balance at 3-months and 6-months and lower muscle strength and ADL disability only at 3-months. These results from present study suggested that the effects of WE frequency in the fail elderly who require nursing care were different for each bodily function.     

国内外护理临床决策能力测评研究现状

临床决策能力在临床实践中具有积极作用,是目前国内外研究的热点之一.通过对临床决策能力的概念、意义、测评方法和现状等相关内容进行详细归纳总结,为护理管理者有效评价临床决策能力、推动护理质量提升提供参考.     

周目标教学管理在护理管理临床实习中的应用效果

目的 探讨周目标教学管理在护理管理临床实习教学中的应用效果.方法 将76名本科实习护生分为对照组和实验组,各38名.对照组护生采用传统教学;实验组护生采用周目标教学管理,即制订周目标并积极组织落实周目标.结果 实验组护生临床能力及对教师的满意度得分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 周目标教学管理可...     

不同学制本科护生护理临床决策能力的比较研究

目的 了解不同学制护理本科生护理临床决策能力的情况.方法 使用自设的本科护生临床决策能力问卷调查415名四川省4所大学2008年护理专业本科实习生.结果 本科护生总临床决策能力(287.37±32.52)分;4年制本科护生临床护理决策能力评分(295.32±29.76)分;5年制本科护生临床护理决策能力评分(282.6...     

不同层次护生动手能力差别调查及分析

[目的]调查分析护理本科生与中专生在动手能力上的差别并找出引起差别的原因。[方法]自行设计问卷,对广西医科大学护理学院在校本科和中专生及在临床实习的护理本科及中专生各35人进行问卷调查;以面对面形式对教授《基础护理学》课程老师和临床带教师各15名进行访谈;对2003级—2007级在校护理本科生和中专生在《基础护理学》操作考核成绩,2003级—2005级实习护理本科生和中专生的临床实习操作成绩,随机抽查比较。[结果]对学生的问卷调查显示,本科护生非常重视和重视护理操作的学生占62.85%,而中专护生仅占41.07%;42.94%的本科生认为老师示教结束后的操作时间充裕度已较好,而中专生有52.90%认为不充裕。成绩对比显示,除2004级的本科、中专实习生成绩比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）外,2006级本科、中专在校生的成绩比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其他均具有显著的统计学意义（P〈0.01）。[结论]本科护生对理论知识的掌握及操作技能水平均比中专生强。     

亚甲蓝光化学作用抑制淋巴细胞增殖及其细胞因子分泌活性的研究

目的探讨亚甲蓝光化学法对淋巴细胞的增殖活性及细胞因子分泌活性的抑制作用,分析该方法对淋巴细胞的灭活作用。方法实验分为实验组(n=3):从全血中分离淋巴细胞,将其悬浮于亚甲蓝终浓度为3μmol/L的PBS缓冲液中,注入PVC小袋内(660 nm处透光率为64%),于35 000 lux光照度的荧光下照射50 min;光照组(n=3):相同来源的淋巴细胞重悬于不含亚甲蓝的PBS缓冲液中,将其注入PVC小袋内并于35 000 lux光照度的荧光下照射50 min;对照组(n=3):为相同来源、重悬于不含亚甲蓝的PBS缓冲液中且不接受光照处理的淋巴细胞。以植物血凝素(PHA)同时刺激3组细胞,用CCK-8细胞增殖检测试剂盒检测淋巴细胞增殖活性,计算亚甲蓝光化学处理对淋巴细胞的增殖抑制率;细胞因子分泌活性采用酶联免疫试剂盒检测;显微镜观察细胞形态及增殖集落。结果与对照组比较,实验组(亚甲蓝光化学处理)培养3、4、5 d后对PHA刺激的增殖抑制率分别为89.31%,100%及94.39%,其TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-10的分泌量均较对照及光照组有极明显的降低(P<0.05);IL-4的分泌量较光照组显著降低(P<0.01);镜下照片显示,实验组经PHA刺激后仅有少量细胞集丛,与对照组及光照组增殖集落相比增殖抑制效应明显。结论亚甲蓝光化学法可有效抑制淋巴细胞的增殖活性及细胞因子分泌活性,提示该方法预防输血相关的移植物抗宿主病(TA-GvHD)的有效性与可行性。     

从甲型H1N1流感防控研究卫生应急能力提升

甲型H1N1流感疫情防控,是中国继2003年＂非典＂疫情之后应对重大突发公共卫生事件的重要经历。近年来,中国卫生应急能力建设取得的成果,为成功应对甲型H1N1流感全球大流行奠定了基础。本文分析了当前中国卫生应急能力现状,以及甲型H1N1流感防控经验和成效,并就中国卫生应急能力提出针对性对策建议。