经蝶垂体腺瘤手术后残留原因分析

目的：探讨经蝶切除垂体腺瘤手术后残留的原因，提高治疗效果；方法：回顾性分析自1992年10月至2003年1月，在我院及外院经蝶手术治疗后，MRI检查证实仍有残留的118例垂体腺瘤。结果：肿瘤主体残留在海绵窦占46．6％，鞍内37．3％，鞍上5．1％，混合9．3％，颅外1．7％；影响肿瘤根除的主要因素，肿瘤侵袭海绵窦46．6％，术者经验不足36．4％，肿瘤侵润生长9．3％，肿瘤体积巨大3．4％，出血多4．2％。针对残余瘤组织再手术者为10．1％，普通放射治疗39．0％，r刀治疗38．2％，药物治疗11．0％。结论：经蝶手术残瘤的主要原因是肿瘤侵袭海绵窦，这些病例不能或很难单纯手术根除；其次是术者经验不足和技术问题而造成。在有残瘤的病例中，有半数以上病例可以通过提高技术水平达到肿瘤的全切或次全切除。     

Characterization of Aerosols of Human Recombinant Deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) Generated by Jet Nebulizers

Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) is a new therapeutic agent developed to improve clearance of purulent sputum from the human airways. It is delivered by inhalation. Four jet nebulizers, T Up-Draft II (Hudson), Customized Respirgard II (Marquest), Acorn II (Marquest), and Airlife Misty (Baxter), were evaluated in vitro for their ability to deliver aerosols of rhDNase. The aerosols were generated from 2.5-mL aqueous solutions of rhDNase, at concentrations of either 1 or 4 mg/mL. In all experiments, the Pulmo-Aide Compressor (De Vilbiss) was used to supply the air to the nebulizers. Between 20 and 28% of the rhDNase dose initially placed in the nebulizers was delivered to the mouthpiece in the respirable range (1-6 µm). Evaluation of the rhDNase following nebulization in all four devices indicated that there was no loss in enzymatic activity and no increase in aggregation. Circular dichroism spectrophotometry indicated there was no change in either the secondary or the tertiary structure in rhDNase following nebulization. These results show that all four nebulizers are essentially equivalent in their ability to deliver respirable doses of rhDNase in an intact, fully active form. Changing the concentration of the solution in the nebulizer from 4 to 1 mg/mL rhDNase leads to a proportional reduction in the respirable dose delivered to the mouthpiece.     

前列腺癌去雄激素治疗不良反应的预防和处理

目的观察去雄激素治疗前列腺癌的不良反应,并探讨其预防和治疗。方法回顾性分析1998年7月-2006年1月112例去雄激素治疗晚期前列腺癌的临床资料。结果112例患者中,97例完成了不良反应的调查。随访3-36月,去雄激素治疗后潮热、性功能障碍、病理性骨折发生率分别为46％、75％、4％;患者潮热、精神疲乏、四肢乏力、纳差症状明显加重(P<0．05);性功能明显减退(P<0．05)。12例潮热症状严重者使用抗抑郁药博乐欣(25mg,tid)1-2周症状减轻。7例有骨转移性疼痛或严重骨质疏松患者,应用唑来膦酸4mg静脉滴注,每45d一次,骨痛症状缓解。结论去雄激素对前列腺癌患者生活质量有一定影响。博乐欣可减轻患者潮热症状,唑来膦酸可预防和治疗去雄激素相关的骨质疏松并发症。     

纤维连接蛋白在膀胱癌丝裂霉素化疗药物耐受中的作用

目的 :探讨纤维连接蛋白 (FN)在膀胱癌化疗药物耐受中的作用。方法 :将T2 4膀胱肿瘤细胞分别接种于包被FN、牛血清蛋白 (BSA)的培养板上孵育 2 4h ,加入不同浓度的丝裂霉素C(MMC)作用 2h ,用MTT比色法检测作用后不同时间肿瘤细胞的存活率 ,用ANNEXINⅤ流式细胞分析仪检测不同时间肿瘤细胞的凋亡率。结果 :FN黏附的膀胱肿瘤细胞在不同浓度MMC作用 2h、12h和 2 4h后的平均存活率为 6 8.3%、4 5 .7%及 5 9.1% ,与BSA黏附的膀胱肿瘤细胞平均存活率 4 5 .0 %、2 1.3%、2 6 .6 %比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。FN黏附的膀胱肿瘤细胞在不同浓度MMC作用 2h和 12h后平均凋亡率分别为 1.4 %和 1.0 % ,而BSA组的细胞平均凋亡率为4 .9%和 8.2 % ,两组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :与FN黏附后的膀胱肿瘤细胞对化疗药物MMC的敏感性下降 ,细胞存活率增高 ;FN能抑制MMC引起的膀胱肿瘤细胞凋亡 ,产生药物耐受。     

Intraosseous ganglion about to cause a fracture of the glenoid: a case report

Intraosseous ganglia of the glenoid are rare, and their etiology is unknown. This report describes a case of an intraosseous ganglion about to cause fracture of the glenoid. The patient was a 61-year-old woman with a painful left shoulder with a limited range of motion. Her symptoms did not improve after non-operative treatment. Arthroscopic examination showed a cartilage defect and erosion in the posteroinferior portion of the glenoid, behind which computed tomography (CT) showed a cystic lesion of the glenoid. There was no communication between the cyst and the joint space. The patient was treated by curettage and an autogenous cancellous bone graft from the iliac crest. Two years after the operation, the patient was almost free from pain, and CT showed good integration of the bone graft.     

EFFECTS OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV INHIBITOR, Ro20,1724, ON PANCREATIC EXOCRINE SECRETION IN DOG

1. The effects of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, Ro20,1724, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), trifluoperazine (TFP) and amrinone on pancreatic exocrine secretion were investigated in anaesthetized dogs in comparison with those of secretin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). 2. Ro20,1724 (1–30 nmol/kg), IBMX (3–30 nmol/kg), secretin (0.01–0.1 pmol/kg) or CCK-8 (0.1–1 pmol/kg) injected i.a. elicited a dose-dependent increase in the secretion of pancreatic juice, but TFP and amrinone (up to 1 μmol/ kg) did not. 3. The bicarbonate concentration in pancreatic juice was increased and the protein concentration was decreased by Ro20,1724, IBMX and secretin. Cholecystokinin octapeptide increased the protein concentration but did not alter the bicarbonate concentration. 4. Ro20,1724 and IBMX elicited more than the respective additive secretory response when added together with secretin, although the stimulatory effects of CCK-8 with Ro20,1724 and IBMX were additive. 5. Ro20,1724 and IBMX increased cyclic AMP concentration but did not affect cyclic GMP concentration. 6. These results suggest that Ro20,1724 and IBMX have secretory properties on pancreatic exocrine glands of the dog, which may be mediated through an increase in cyclic AMP subsequent to inhibition of PDE activity. Furthermore, pancreatic PDE enzymes in the dog may be mainly type IV.     

IL-2-PE40体外抑制γ-干扰素诱导的角膜内皮细胞MHC抗原表达的研究

目的了解正常大鼠角膜内皮细胞在体外经γ-干扰素诱导后，主要组织相容性复合体（major histoeompatibility complex，MHC）-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原异常表达的情况。并观察比较白细胞介素-2-绿脓杆菌外毒素（interleukin-2-pseudomonas exotoxin40。IL-2-PE40）、环胞霉素A（cyclosporine A，CsA）对角膜内皮细胞MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原异常表达的免疫抑制作用。方法采用ACAS-570黏附式细胞分析仪和免疫荧光技术，对体外原代培养经γ-干扰素诱导后的正常大鼠角膜内皮细胞分成A、B2组进行MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原表达的相对量测定，并在培养液中加入新型免疫抑制剂IL-2-PE40和CsA，进一步测定角膜内皮细胞MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原的表达量。结果未加入γ-干扰素前，MHC-Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为97．8±8．1，MHC-Ⅱ类抗原无表达；经γ-干扰素诱导后，MHC—Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为1006．3±13．2，MHC-Ⅱ类抗原表达量为406．5±10．5，γ-干扰素加入前后MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。IL-2．PE40组MHC-Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为618．2±13．5，MHC-Ⅱ类抗原表达量为204．5±7．8，CsA组MHC-Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为609．5±12．9，MHC-Ⅱ类抗原表达量为198．5±6．9，IL-2．PE40组、CsA组分别与注射用水比较，MHC—Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原间均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。IL-2．PE40组与CsA组比较．MHC—Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在体外，γ-干扰素可诱导角膜内皮细胞MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原异常表达；IL-2-PE40及CsA均能不同程度的抑制这种表达。[眼科新进展20ff7；27（3）：170．172]     

Dissimilarities between benzodiazepine-binding sites and adenosine uptake sites in astrocytes and neurons in primary cultures

The question whether the benzodiazepine receptor site in astrocytes or in neurons might be identical to the adenosine uptake site was studied by determining pharmacological profiles, inhibition types, and the effects of benzodiazepine antagonsts in primary cultures of either astrocytes or neurons. Fourteen different benzodiazepines and five different adenosine uptake inhibitors displaced [³H] diazepam and inhibited adenosine uptake in both astrocytes and neurons. However, the rank orders (determined as IC₅₀ values) with which these two parameters were affected were profoundly different, indicating dissimilarities between these two sites. For several of the compounds a difference in inhibition type (competitive vs. noncompetitive) was observed between the benzodiazepine-binding site and the adenosine uptake site in astrocytes and/or neurons, which further corroborated the conclusion of a difference between the benzodiazepine-binding site and the adenosine uptake site. Finally, the neuronal benzodiazepine antagonists RO 15-1788 and CGS-8216 and the astrocytic benzodiazepine antagonist PK 11195, which reverse the action of benzodiazepines, were not able to reverse inhibition of adenosine uptake by diazepam but exerted an inhibitory effect of their own.     

重症肌无力患者泼尼松治疗前后免疫学指标的变化

探讨泼尼松治疗重症肌无力（MG）免疫学机制。对382例MG患者在漏尼松中剂量冲击，小剂量维持疗法治疗前后，检测酰胆碱受体抗炎（AchRab)，突触前膜抗体（PsMab)，单个核细胞亚群（PBMC），肿瘤坏死因子（TNF），可溶性白介素－2受体（SIL－2R），β2－微球蛋白（β2－m)，以及红细胞免疫功能的变化。结果表明：MG患者在泼尼松治疗前后多项免疫指标有显著性的变化。为泼尼松治疗MG提供了评定疗效的免疫学指标，进一步阐明了MG发病的免疫学机制。     

A stereotactic approach to deep-seated central nervous system neoplasms using the carbon dioxide laser

This report describes a technique in which deep-seated CNS neoplasms, the volume and shape of which had been determined and stereotactically localized by computer reconstruction of CT data, were vaporized with a carbon dioxide laser attached to a stereotactic frame. The clinical results with 6 patients treated by this technique are presented.