Differential responses to copper-induced oxidative stress in the marine macroalgae Lessonia nigrescens and Scytosiphon lomentaria (Phaeophyceae)

In order to help explain the absence of the brown kelp Lessonia nigrescens from a coastal environment chronically enriched with copper, we characterized the biochemical responses induced by copper stress in this kelp and compared them with those displayed by the copper tolerant brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria. These algae were cultivated with increasing concentrations of copper (20, 40 and 100 μg L⁻¹) for 96 h and the temporal production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions and lipoperoxides as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), ascorbate peroxidase (AP), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the activity of the defense enzyme lipoxygenase (LOX) were determined. In L. nigrescens and S. lomentaria, a single peak of hydrogen peroxide was detected, with similar maxima after 3 h of copper exposure, although in L. nigrescens buffering took longer. Superoxide anions, on the other hand, were only detected in L. nigrescens. The production of lipoperoxides in L. nigrescens increased steadily at higher copper levels, in a pattern clearly different to their rapid stabilization in S. lomentaria. We suggest that the accumulation of lipoperoxides might be related to LOX, whose activity also increases with exposure time. Furthermore, activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GP, AP and DHAR were lower in L. nigrescens than in S. lomentaria, and GP and DHAR were completely inhibited at higher copper concentrations. Since these enzymes also detoxify fatty acid hydroperoxides, their inhibition, together with the activation of LOX, may explain the persistent and copper-dependent levels of lipoperoxides in L. nigrescens. Based on terrestrial plant models demonstrating toxic effects of lipoperoxides, and on our results on organellar ultrastructural changes, we suggest that copper toxicity induced an uncontrolled lipoperoxide accumulation which may lead to cell damage and dysfunction in L. nigrescens, explaining at least partially, the absence of this kelp in a copper-enriched coastal environment.     

Relationship between Acute Organophosphours Pesticide Poisoning and Damages Induced by Free Radicals

Objective To study the relationship between abnormal reactions of free radicals in bodies of patients with acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP) and damages induced by free radicals. Methods 58 AOPP patients and 58 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in an independent samples control design, in which spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma, and LPO in erythrocytes, vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and b-carotene (b-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes. Results Compared with the average values of every biochemical parameter in the HAV group, the average values of LPO in plasma and in erythrocytes, and NO in plasma in the AOPP group were significantly increased (P=0.000001), while the average values of VC, VE, a-CAR in plasma as well as SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and AChE in erythrocytes in the AOPP group were significantly decreased (P=0.000001). The findings of Pearson product-moment correlation analysis between the value of AChE in erythrocytes and the values of above biochemical parameters for 58 AOPP patients showed that there was a significant linear negative correlation between AChE in erythrocytes and LPO, NO in plasma, and LPO in erythrocytes (P=0.000001～0.001319), while there was a significant linear positive correlation between AChE in erythrocytes and VC, VE, a-CAR in plasma as well as SOD, CAT, GSH-Px in erythrocytes (P=0.000013～0.000824). The results of discriminant analysis of above chemical parameters for 58 AOPP patients and 58 HAV suggested that the correct rates of discriminant analysis were increased to 100 % when the values of AChE and LPO in plasma and in erythrocytes, or AChE and others, were jointly used for the discriminant analysis. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that a series of free radical reactions in AOPP patients' bodies are pathologically aggravated, and the discriminant analysis used the above biochemical parameters could markedly increase its correct rates for AOPP patients.     

磁力活化水对骨钙、高脂血症和脂质过氧化的影响

探讨磁力活化水对实验小鼠和大民谢的影响。「方法」以磁化杯处理的结自来水为受试物,就其对骨钙,高脂血症和脂质过化的影响进行了动物实验。「结果」小鼠股骨含钙量（少年组３０１．６６ｍｇ／ｇ,且２５５．２５ｍｇ／ｇ）与对照组（分别为２９０．０８ｍｇ／ｇ和２５８．０１ｍｇ／ｇ）判别无显著性。     

侵蚀性葡萄胎患者化疗前后血清SOD、LPO、GSH-PX含量变化及其临床意义

目的　观察侵蚀性葡萄胎患者化疗前后血清 SOD、L PO、GSH- PX含量的变化。方法　分别应用放免法和生化法对 3 3例侵蚀性葡萄胎患者进行了化疗前后血清 SOD、L PO、GSH- PX含量检测 ,并与 3 0名正常健康人作对照。结果　侵蚀性葡萄胎患者化疗前血清 SOD、GSH- PX水平明显低于正常人组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,而 L PO则明显高于正常人组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,化疗 6个月后复发者 SOD、L PO、GSH- PX水平持续异常 ,未复发者 SOD、L PO、GSH- PX水平接近正常。结论　侵蚀性葡萄胎患者血清 SOD、L PO、GSH- PX含量的变化与患者的预后密切相关     

地塞米松对全麻下原发性肺癌病人术中血清脂质过氧化物和皮质醇、胰岛素的影响

为探讨原发性肺癌病人麻醉术中血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量变化，我们在麻醉诱导前给予地塞米松，采用氯胺酮—安氟醚静吸复合麻醉测定了血清ＬＰＯ含量，并且观察了皮质醇和胰岛素的变化。结果表明：ＬＰＯ术终与健康者和麻醉前比较显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），而血清皮质醇和胰岛素在插管后和术终与麻醉前比较显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。认为地塞米松具有显著减缓脂质过氧化反应，降低ＬＰＯ含量的作用。     

肺癌患者化疗前后血清SOD、LPO、GSH—PX水平的变化及临床意义

目的探讨肺癌患者化疗前后血清SOD、LPO、GSH—PX含量的变化及意义。方法应用放射免疫分析法和生化法对31例肺癌患者进行了化疗前后血清SOD、LPO、GSH—PX含量的检测，并与35名正常人作比较。结果肺癌患者化疗前血清SOD、GSH—PX水平明显低于正常人组（P〈O．01），而LPO则明显高正常人组（P〈0．01），化疗后6个月复发者SOD、LPO、GSH—PX水平持续异常，未复发者SOD、LPO、GSH—PX水平接近正常。结论观察肺癌患者血清SOD、LPO、GSH—PX含量的变化与患者的预后密切相关。     

恶性肿瘤患者血液中LPO,SOD,GSH—PX临床价值的初步分析

本文对１０９例恶性肿瘤及５０例正常对照者血浆脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、全血超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—ＰＸ）进行测定，结果显示：结肠癌的ＬＰＯ值最高；胃癌的ＳＯＤ值最高；骨癌的ＧＳＨ—ＰＸ值最高。各肿瘤组之间，肿瘤组与正常对照组之间两两比较，ｑ检验，多数组间的Ｐ＜０．０１或ＰＭ０．０５，ＳＯＤ与ＬＰＯ呈负相关，ｒ＝０．１７，Ｐ＜０．０５。经判别分析，在Ｆ＝３水平上选入ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ—ＰＸ三因素与判别癌与非癌有关，符合率达８０．５％，特异性９０％，灵敏性７６．１％，可供探讨肿瘤与自由基的关系及临床诊断作参考。     

骨肿瘤患者血液LPO SOD GSH－PX与GSH临床价值的初步探讨

 本文对29例恶性骨肿瘤、38树良性骨肿瘤,21例非瘤骨疾病患者血浆脂质过氧化物(LPO)、全血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH一PX),及谷胱甘肽(GSH)进行测定,结果显示:在恶性,良性骨肿瘤与非瘤骨疾病比较、SOD(P<0.01)、GSH(P<0.05)均有显著差异.LPO值在非瘤骨疾病、良性及恶性骨肿瘤是升高趋势,各组比较无显著差异,(P>0.05).良性、恶性骨肿瘤与非瘤骨疾病的四个项目进行逐步判别分析、LPO,SOD二项灵敏性94.03%.特异性38.1%,它可供临床辅助诊断参考.     

银杏叶黄酮的抗脂质过氧化作用

６１例心绞痛患者连续服用银杏叶黄酮（天保宁）１个月后，血浆过氧化脂质和红细胞过氧化脂质平均含量显著低于服药前，接近健康成人组（６０例）的平均值。提示银杏叶黄酮具有显著减缓心绞痛患者体内病理性脂质过氧化反应和抗脂质过氧化损伤的作用。     

颅脑损伤与红细胞过氧化脂质水平和超氧化物歧化酶活性

检测39例颅脑损伤患者和60例健康成人红细胞过氧化脂质(Ery-LPO)和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶活性(Ery-SODA)的结果表明,急性期患者的Ery-LPO和Ery-SODA平均水平分别显著高于和低于健康成人之值(P<0.002～0.01),颅脑损伤程度与Ery-LPO和Ery-SODA分别呈直线正相关和负相关(P<0.001～0.005),康复期患者的Ery-LPO和Ery-SODA平均水平与健康成人之值无显著差异(P>0.05);提示颅脑损伤患者体内的氧自由基反应和脂质过氧化作用在急性期时明显增强,而进入康复期后则明显趋向缓和。