精索静脉曲张患者行保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎开放术心得体会

目的探讨精索静脉曲张患者行保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎手术的技巧及疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月～2013年9月本院泌尿科对150例精索静脉曲张患者采用保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎手术,其中有79例行保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎开放术分为A组,71例行未保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎开放术分为B组,对术后并发症、术后复发情况、术前术后精液比较等方面进行回顾性分析探讨。结果150例均顺利完成手术,手术时间（44．8±12．2）min,A组0例、B组1例（1．41％）副损伤。 A组2例（2．53％）、B组6例（8．45％）发生切口感染伴发热。术后随访6个月内A组6例（7．59％）、B组11例（15．49％）反复出现患侧精索一过性刺痛,术后随访318个月A组60例（75．95％）、B组38例（53．52％）患者的精子密度及活力提高,其精液质量得到明显改善。 A组1例（1．27％）、B组3例（4．23％）出现复发、睾丸萎缩等并发症。结论精索静脉曲张行保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎开放手术是效果好、不易复发、并发症少、安全、有效的手术,值得在没有显微外科的基层医院推广应用。     

Antinociceptive Effect of Najanalgesin from Naja Naja Atra in a Neuropathic Pain Model via Inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase

Background:

Najanalgesin, a toxin isolated from the venom of Naja naja atra, has been shown to exert significant analgesic effects in a neuropathic pain model in rats. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect of najanalgesin is poorly understood. The present study sought to evaluate the intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in the antinociceptive effect of najanalgesin on neuropathic pain.

Methods:

The antinociceptive properties of najanalgesin were tested in hind paw withdrawal thresholds in response to mechanical stimulation. We analyzed the participation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by western blot analysis. This inhibition of JNK was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Results:

The phosphorylation levels of JNK (as well as its downstream molecule c-Jun), p38, and ERK were significantly increased after injury. Najanalgesin only inhibited JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation but had no effect on either ERK or p38. This inhibition of JNK was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, which suggested that the antinociceptive effect of najanalgesin on spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in rats is associated with JNK activation in the spinal cord.

Conclusion:

The antinociceptive effect of najanalgesin functions by inhibiting the JNK in a neuropathic pain model.     

切开挂线术治疗复杂肛瘘中的临床疗效观察

目的探讨切开挂线术治疗复杂肛瘘中的临床疗效。方法将60例复杂性肛瘘患者,随机分为两组,每组30例,分别标记为挂线组、结扎组。挂线组采用切开挂线术治疗,结扎组采用括约肌间瘘管结扎术治疗,比较两组术后疗效。结果挂线组愈合率为83．33％,结扎组愈合率为76．67％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结扎组患者愈后肛门功能评分明显低于挂线组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论切开挂线术治疗复杂性肛瘘效果良好,能有效地保护了肛门括约肌的功能,提高患者的生活质量。     

肠系膜下动脉根部结扎在直肠癌前切除术中的应用

目的 探讨肠系膜下动脉(IMA)根部结扎对直肠癌根治术的临床应用价值.方法 将2003年1月至2007年12月收治的173例直肠癌前切除术患者随机分成两组,其中根部结扎组85例,采用IMA根部结扎术及根部淋巴结廓清,非根部结扎组88例,采用IMA低位结扎及结扎部位淋巴结廓清.根部结扎组,比较两组患者的平均手术时间、淋巴结数及转移度、复发率、5年生存率、并发症发生率.结果 非根部结扎组的淋巴结数、淋巴结转移度、术后生存率明显低于根部结扎组,复发率则明显高于根部结扎组(P＜0.05);两组手术时间、并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 IMA根部结扎及根部淋巴结廓清对直肠癌的治疗效果优于IMA非根部结扎及结扎部位淋巴结廓清,值得推广应用.     

Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract in low transsphincteric fistulae: a new technique to avoid fistulotomy

Aim To date fistulotomy is still the treatment of choice for patients with a transsphincteric fistula passing through the lower third of the external anal sphincter, because it is a simple, effective and safe procedure with a minimal risk of incontinence. However, data suggest that the risk of impaired continence following division of the lower third of the external anal sphincter is not insignificant, especially in female patients with an anterior fistula and patients with diminished anal sphincter function. It has been shown that ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) is a promising sphincter‐preserving technique. Therefore, we questioned whether LIFT could replace fistulotomy in patients with a low transsphincteric fistula. Method A consecutive series of 22 patients with a low transsphincteric fistula of cryptoglandular origin underwent LIFT. Continence scores were determined using the Rockwood Fecal Incontinence Severity Index. Results Median follow‐up was 19.5 months. Primary healing was observed in 18 (82%) patients. In the four patients without primary healing, the transsphincteric fistula was converted into an intersphincteric fistula. These patients underwent subsequent fistulotomy with preservation of the external anal sphincter. The overall healing rate was 100%. Six months after surgery, the median incontinence score was not changed significantly. Conclusion Low transsphincteric fistulae can be treated successfully by LIFT, without affecting faecal continence. Division of the lower part of the external anal sphincter is no longer necessary in the treatment of low transsphincteric fistulae, which is essential for patients with compromised anal sphincters.     

单切口腹腔镜辅助腹膜外鞘状突未闭结扎术的学习曲线

目的评估不同年资的医师在不同时期行单切口腹腔镜辅助腹膜外鞘状突未闭结扎术的手术效果,探讨该技术的学习曲线。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年1月间我科同一手术团队6名医师完成的120例该术式的手术资料。根据主刀医师已从事腹腔镜手术的年资分为A组(年份3年,3位医师)、B组(年份3年,3位医师)。每位医师取完成的前20例患者,各组按手术时间顺序分为4阶段(每组15例/每阶段),分别比较各组病例的手术时间、术中出血量、中转开放手术率、术后住院时间、短期及长期并发症情况,制定学习曲线。结果各组间年龄差异无统计学意义,术中出血均小于10 mL,无中转开放手术病例,均于术后次日出院,4例出现短期并发症,均无长期并发症发生。A组医师手术时间第2~4阶段明显短于第一阶段;B组医师手术时间第3~4阶段明显短于第1~2阶段。结论具有一定腔镜手术基础的医师,单切口腹腔镜辅助腹膜外鞘状突未闭结扎术的学习曲线约为5例;腔镜手术基础欠丰富的医师,该手术的学习曲线约为10例。单切口腹腔镜辅助腹膜外鞘状突未闭结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝或鞘膜积液安全有效、美观微创、操作简单、易于掌握,值得推广普及。     

一步法与二步法腹壁穿刺行腹腔镜小儿疝囊高位结扎术临床对比分析

目的对比分析腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝术中采用钳式穿刺针一步法腹壁穿刺(一步法)与采用硬膜外穿刺针二步法腹壁穿刺(二步法)的安全性及临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年6月身高≤120 cm、疝囊颈前后直径≤1.5 cm的小儿单侧腹股沟斜疝患者147例临床资料,64例患儿为二步法组,83例患儿为一步法组,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学分析,术中术后各项指标采用( ±s)表示,采用独立t检验;1年复发率采用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果一步法组与二步法组相比,手术时间分别为(11.8±3.2) min和(12.4±2.9) min,术中出血量分别为(1.7±1.3) ml和(1.9±1.3) ml,发现对侧隐匿性疝例数分别为10例(12.0%)和8例(12.5%),术后24 h疼痛评分分别为(1.2±0.6)分和(1.3±0.5)分,发生阴囊(阴唇)肿胀分别为0例和1例(1.6%),住院时间分别为(2.1±1.1) d和(2.2±1.1) d,术后1年复发率分别为2.4%(2/83)和3.1%(2/64),上述7项指标两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。 结论对身高≤120 cm、疝囊颈前后直径≤1.5 cm的小儿单侧腹股沟斜疝施行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术,无论采用一步法或是二步法腹壁穿刺,均可获得良好的临床治疗效果,两组术后1年复发率相当。     

The constrictor knot is the best ligature

Introduction

An ideal ligature should tighten readily and remain tight. Ligature failure can be a critical complication of invasive procedures in human and veterinary surgical practice. Previous studies have tested various knots but not the constrictor knot.

Methods

A new test bench was employed to compare six ligatures using four suture materials. As tension in a ligature is not readily measured, the study employed a surrogate measurement: the force required to slide a ligature along a rod. Benchmark values tested each suture material wrapped around the rod to establish the ratio between this force and the ligature tension for each material. Each ligature was tested first during tightening and then again afterwards. The benchmark ratios were employed to calculate the tensions to evaluate which ligature and which suture material retained tension best.

Results

The model provided consistent linear relationships between the tension in the suture and the force required to pull the ligature along the rod. The constrictor knot retained tension in the ligature best (55–107% better than the next best ligature). Among the suture materials, polydioxanone had the greatest ability to retain the tension in a ligature and polyglactin the least.

Conclusions

The constrictor knot showed superior characteristics for use as a ligature, and should be introduced into teaching and clinical practice for human and veterinary surgery. The new test bench is recommended for future testing of ligatures as well as objective comparison of suture materials.     

Patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants in the United States

Background

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition that commonly affects premature and low birth weight (BW) infants at times necessitating surgical intervention. We examined outcomes after surgical ligation (SL).

Materials and methods

We analyzed the Kids' Inpatient Database for premature infants diagnosed with PDA, admitted at <8 d of age. Patient demographics, disposition, morbidity, and mortality were analyzed. All cases were weighted appropriately to project nationally representative estimates.

Results

A total of 63,208 patients were identified with diagnosis of PDA. Of these, 6766 (10.7%) underwent SL. Lower gestational age (GA) and BW patients had higher incidence of PDA and rates of SL. Overall survival was 90.8% for the cohort. Survival for the SL group was 88.0% and 91.2% for the non-SL group; however, infants undergoing SL had higher survival rates up to 28 wk and 1250 g for GA and BW, respectively. GA did not affect post-SL survival adversely. Rather, lower BW was associated with extremely high mortality rates. Black infants and boys had lower survival compared with other races and girls, respectively. Larger hospitals had higher survival rates, but hospital location, teaching status, and type did not affect survival. Payer status and income quartile did not affect survival.

Conclusions

PDA and SL are more common in lower BW and GA groups. Higher survival rates are found for infants with SL versus non-SL in the lowest BW and GA groups. Morbidity and mortality are not affected by SL timing. BW, rather than GA, determines survival of infants undergoing SL.     

内镜下六连环与单发尼龙绳套扎治疗食管静脉曲张的对比分析

目的探讨内镜下六连环与单发尼龙绳套扎治疗食管静脉曲张的的有效性、安全性。方法将43例肝硬化并食管静脉曲张患者,随机分两组,六连环组26例,单发尼龙组17例,分别采用内镜下六连环及单发尼龙绳套扎治疗,对比观察两组疗效、并发症及操作和套扎圈脱落时间。结果①两组总疗效基本相同(P>0.05)。②两组治疗后近期并发症基本相同(P>0.05),但胸骨后疼痛在单发尼龙组更多见(P<0.01)。③操作及套扎圈脱落时间:两组在操作时间及术后套扎圈脱落时间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论两种方法套扎治疗肝硬化并食管静脉曲张疗效相当,六连环套扎操作简便、手术时间短,并发症少。