不同年龄冠心病慢性心衰患者临床特征和出院医嘱用药分析

目的探讨不同年龄段冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)慢性心力衰竭患者的临床特征,并分析出院医嘱用药情况。方法选取海南省安宁医院2017年12月至2018年12月出院的冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者200例,回顾性分析其临床资料,比较药物应用与年龄、性别、纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级、左室射血分数(LVEF)的关系。结果男性多于女性;60~74岁年龄段发病率较高;排名前3的合并症分别为高血压(64. 50%)、糖尿病(50. 50%)、心肌梗死(39. 00%);他汀类、硝酸酯类、阿司匹林、利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂、醛固酮拮抗剂(MRA)、中成药、地高辛使用率较高,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)使用率较低;利尿剂女性使用率高于男性(P <0. 05);阿司匹林在60~74岁年龄段的使用率较高,氯吡格雷、利尿剂、钙离子拮抗剂(CCB)、ARB在> 74岁年龄段使用率高于60~74岁及<60岁(P <0. 05);Ⅰ/Ⅱ级的阿司匹林、他汀类使用率高于Ⅲ/Ⅳ级,而氯吡格雷、地高辛、利尿剂、MRA使用率低于Ⅲ/Ⅳ级(P <0. 05);地高辛、MRA在LVEF减低组使用率高于正常组,而ARB及CCB在正常组使用率高于减低组(P <0. 05);单用药物在LVEF减低组中占比低于正常组(P <0. 05);3种合用药物在NYHA分级Ⅲ/Ⅳ级中占比高于Ⅰ/Ⅱ级(P <0. 05)。结论 60~74岁的冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者中阿司匹林使用率较高,> 74岁时氯吡格雷、利尿剂、CCB、ARB使用率较高。应规范他汀类、硝酸酯类、阿司匹林、利尿剂在不同年龄段患者的使用,对于使用率较低且与指南有差距的药物应根据患者疾病状况合理选用。     

Physicians’ views on patient participation in choice of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation—a qualitative study

Direct oral anticoagulants provide an alternative to vitamin K antagonists for the anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF). The availability of several treatment options with different attributes makes shared decision‐making appropriate for the choice of anticoagulation therapy. The aim of this study was to understand how physicians choose an oral anticoagulant (OAC) for patients with AF and how physicians view patients’ participation in this decision. Semi‐structured interviews with 17 Finnish physicians (eight general practitioners and nine specialists) working in the public sector were conducted. An interview guide on experience, prescribing and opinions about oral anticoagulants was developed based on previous literature. The data were thematically analysed using deductive and inductive approaches. Based on the interviews, patient's opinion was the most influential factor in decision‐making when there were no clinical factors limiting the choice between OACs. Of patient's preferences, the most important was the attitude towards co‐payments of OACs. Patients’ opinions on monitoring of treatment, dosing and antidote availability were also mentioned by the interviewees. The choice of an OAC in AF was patient‐centred as all interviewees expressed that patient's opinion affects the choice.