豆科与木兰科鸡血藤类药材活性成分及药理作用研究进展

鸡血藤是传统的活血化瘀类中药,具有活血补血、调经止痛、舒筋活络的功效,临床应用广泛。约有26种药用植物曾作为鸡血藤在临床使用,其所含化学成分复杂多样,主要包括黄酮、蒽醌、木脂素、三萜及挥发油等,表现出促进造血功能、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、保肝及抗人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）等多种药理活性。根据本草著作、文献研究和现代应用情况,分别对来自豆科和木兰科的11种鸡血藤类药材的主要化学成分和药理活性进行综述,对比两者所含成分及药理活性的异同,为其进一步的开发与合理利用提供依据。     

红血藤的化学成分

红血藤为豆科密花豆属植物红血藤(Spatholobus sinensis)的干燥藤茎,是正品鸡血藤的地区代用品,至今未见化学成分和生物活性研究的报道。本研究运用溶剂法及各种色谱方法进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。从其乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部分分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为红血藤苷A(spatholosineside A,1),2′,4′,5,7-四羟基异黄酮(2),异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin,3),lupinalbin A(4),coumestrol(5),柚皮素(naringenin,6),原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,7),leonuriside A(8)。化合物1为新化合物;化合物8为从本科植物首次得到;化合物2、 4、 5、 6为从本属植物首次得到;化合物3、 7为从红血藤首次得到。     

Antioxidative components isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Astragali Radix)

Antioxidative components in the methanol extract of the root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge were investigated by using an evaluation method based on the air oxidation of linoleic acid. Afrormosin, calycosin and odoratin were found to be active components. These antioxidative activities are superior or similar to those of butyl hydroxytoluene and α-tocopherol. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

葛的核型分析

本文通过对豆科Leguminosae植物葛Pucraria Lobata(Willd.)Ohwi.染色体数目的观察和核型分析的研究,发现葛的核型公式为2n=2x=24=20m+2sm+2m(SAT),第8对染色体长臂上带随体,此研究结果为药用植物葛的鉴定提供了细胞学资料.     

中药海桐皮的生药鉴别

报道市售中药海桐皮来源于6种不同植物:豆科植物刺桐Erythrina variegata L.var.orientalis(L.)Merr.,芸香科植物樗叶花椒Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb.et Zucc.,朵椒Z.molle Rehd.,凹头花椒Z.kemsleyanum Makino.,五加科植物刺楸Kalopanax septemlobus(Thunb.)Koidz.和木棉科植物木棉Gossampinus malabarica(DC.)Merr.。对6种树皮的生药性状、组织构造和粉末特征进行了比较鉴定。     

合欢皮中一个新的三萜皂甙

从合欢皮的乙醇提取物中用色谱法分离得到1个三糖链三萜皂甙（1）,其21位侧链含有较为少见的木糖。经化学和波谱分析,将皂甙1的结构鉴定为3－O－[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃呋糖基－（1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-21-O-{(6S)-2-反式－2－羟甲基－6－甲基－6－O－[4-O-(6R)-2-反式－2,6－二甲基－6－O－β-D-吡喃木糖基）－2,7－辛二烯酰基]－β-D-吡喃鸡纳糖基]-2,7-辛二烯酰基}-金合欢酸－28－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖基－（1→3)-[α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基－（1→4)]-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基－（1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基酯,为一新化合物,命名为合欢皂甙J23（1）。     

Antimicrobial activity of Acacia mellifera extracts and lupane triterpenes

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth (Leguminosae) is a subtropical medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional African medicines against various diseases such as pneumonia and malaria.

Aim of the study

The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of extracts from the stem bark of Acacia mellifera.

Materials and methods

The extracts were examined for antibacterial and antifungal activity using the disc-diffusion method against bacterial strains: Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and fungal strains Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Candida krusei (ATCC 6255), Cryptococcus neoformans (ATCC 6603) and clinical isolates of Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Results

Some of these extracts were found to be active against some bacterial and fungal strains and were further fractionated to give 12 pure compounds. The methanolic and methanol:dichloromethane (1:1) extracts exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity. The two were active against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Activity guided fractionation led to isolation of two active compounds: 3-(Z)-cis coumaroylbetulin and 30-hydroxylup-20 (29)-en-3β-ol which were against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853).

Conclusions

These results may partly explain and support the use of Acacia mellifera stem barks for the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional Kenya medicine.     

饿蚂蝗化学成分研究

目的:研究饿蚂蝗Desmodium sambuens全草的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、凝胶色谱法进行化学成分的分离纯化、通过理化性质和波谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果:从饿蚂蝗全草75%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了13个化合物,结构分别为β-香树脂醇(1),白桦脂酸(2),胡萝卜苷(3),正三十烷酸(4),羽扇20(29)-烯-3-酮(5),二十四烷酸单甘油酯(6),豆甾-5-烯-3β-7α-二醇(7),脱镁叶绿素甲酯(8),邻羟基苯甲酸(9),β-谷甾醇(10),d-儿茶素(11),木犀草素(12),表没食子儿茶素(13)。结论:化合物1～13均为首次从饿蚂蝗植物中分离得到。     

假地豆的化学成分

目的:对假地豆化学成分进行研究。方法:采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法进行提取分离,利用理化数据及波谱技术鉴定结构。结果:从假地豆的乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物:白桦脂酸(1)、木栓酮(2)、正十六烷酸(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、亚油酸(5)、正四十一烷醇(6)、正二十八烷(7)和牡荆素(8)。结论:所有化合物均是首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Bowdichia virgilioides (sucupira)

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (Leguminosae Papilonoideae) is a plant with anti-inflammatory activity used in folk medicine. The importance of this plant promoted its inclusion in Brazilian Pharmacopoeia.

Aim of the study

In order to evaluate the actions of this plant, studies were performed on antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.

Materials and methods

The aqueous extracts (AE) of Bowdichia virgilioides inner bark and leaves were used at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Antinociceptive activity of plant extract was evaluated by writhing, hot-plate and formalin tests. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using paw oedema and peritonitis methods.

Results

Oral treatment with the AE of inner bark or leaves elicited inhibitory activity (P < 0.01) on acetic acid effect at 200 and 400 mg/kg, and reduced the formalin effect at the second-phase (200 and 400 mg/kg, P < 0.01), however it did not elicit any inhibitory effect on hot-plate test. The indomethacin inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing and the formalin effect at the second-phase (P < 0.001), and the morphine reduced the both phases of formalin test (P < 0.001). Carrageenan-induced oedema formation and neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity were reduced with the AE of inner bark or leaves at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.05), and by the reference compounds aspirin (P < 0.001) and dexamethasone (P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

The AE of Bowdichia virgilioides shows antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat various inflammatory diseases.