ALCOHOL AND DRUG WEBLIOGRAPHY

Using data for an ongoing study of fatalities associated with cocaine use in Dade County Florida, USA, temporal trends are described and risk factors are examined for fatal overdose with case-control analysis for the years 1978-1985. While the number of deaths from accidental cocaine toxicity (ACTDs) rose consistently, median annual concentrations of cocaine in autopsy blood did not. When 125 ACTDs were compared with a control group, the following risk factors were identified: fresh injection sites, arteriosclerosis, and ventricular hypertrophy.     

Attaining United States and European Guideline LDL-C Levels with Simvastatin in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease (the GOALLS Study)

SUMMARY

Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the effects of rilmenidine monotherapy and in combination with perindopril on blood pressure (BP) in patients assessed with grade 1 or 2 essential hypertension. The study also examined the effects of 2-year rilmenidine monotherapy on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and on diastolic function of the left ventricle, along with the effects of rilmenidine on left ventricular mass index in hypertensive patients with no LVH, and the relationship between BP reduction and any change in LVH.

Research design and methods: Mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients (n?=?500) were enrolled in a multicentre 2-year open study and treated with rilmenidine (1-2?mg per day) monotherapy or rilmenidine plus perindopril (2, 4 or 8?mg per day) if control of hypertension was not achieved with rilmenidine monotherapy within 12 weeks. Blood pressure was recorded at regular intervals by the investigators and LVH measured by centralised single-blind echocardiographic reading.

Results: Rilmenidine monotherapy (average dose 1.42?mg) produced a significant decrease in BPfrom the baseline of 163?±?10/100?±?5?mmHg to 134?±?10/86?±?7?mmHg at 1 year and to 136?±?10/84?±?7?mmHg at 2 years (p?2 at 2 years (p?Conclusions: Long-term rilmenidine monotherapy was shown to be efficient in controlling BP and in reducing LVH. The addition of perindopril to rilmenidine monotherapy proved to be effective and well tolerated in those patients who did not respond to rilmenidine alone.     

Kremer试验与伊红Y水试验在精子功能检查中的意义

本文比较作为精子功能检查的Kremer试验与伊红Y水试验的临床意义。以Kremer试验精子穿透CM高度分组,I组精子穿透高度<2.0cm/30min,Ⅱ组精子穿透高度2.0～3.9cm/30min,Ⅲ组精子穿透高度≥4.0cm/30min。伊红Y水试验Ⅰ组精子头部未着色同时尾部膨胀率为16.2±12.6％,Ⅱ组43.1±11.1％,Ⅲ组56.9±8.5％,Kremer试验与精液常规检查,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组比较均有非常显著差异,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较只伊红Y水试验有非常显著差异,显示Kremer试验与伊红Y水试验临床意义的区别。两种方法各自在不同角度反映精子的功能状态。作为精子功能检查都具有方法简便、经济、结果有临床意义的优点,均可作为临床检查的常规手段。     

神经内镜治疗感染性脑积水10例报告

目的探讨运用神经内镜方法治疗合并脑室内感染性脑积水的疗效。方法采用神经内镜新技术,对10例合并脑室内感染性脑积水患者进行治疗,在结合抗生素冲洗液冲洗的同时,分别行第三脑室底脚间池造瘘术、透明隔造瘘术、脉络丛凝固术及内镜引导下脑室外引流术。结果脑积水及炎症控制9例,死亡1例。结论神经内镜技术辅助治疗合并脑室内感染性脑积水患者能明显缩短病程,提高治愈率。     

替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压逆转左心室肥厚

目的观察替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压逆转左心室肥厚的作用。方法选择66例原发性高血压且合并左心室肥厚的患者,采用自身对照的方法,在给予替米沙坦治疗前后测收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、左心室舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左心室重量指数(LVM I)。结果治疗24周后,SBP、DBP较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05)。IVST、LVPWT、LVDd、LVM I明显低于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论替米沙坦不仅能控制高血压,而且能够逆转高血压引起的左心室肥厚、疗效、安全性及耐受性均好。     

坎地沙坦对心肌肥厚大鼠左室舒张的影响

目的研究坎地沙坦对去甲肾上腺素(norep inephrine,NE)诱导的心肌肥厚大鼠左室舒张功能的影响。方法雌性W istar大鼠29只,随机分为3组:①对照组;②NE组1.2mg/(kg.d)×15d;③NE 坎地沙坦组2mg/(kg.d)×15d。应用病理学方法和超声心动图评价心肌肥厚和左室舒张功能,用免疫组化法和图像分析技术评价心肌纤维化。结果与NE组相比,坎地沙坦组室间隔厚度降低,间质胶原减少,舒张功能改善。结论坎地沙坦能改善去甲肾上腺素诱导的心肌肥厚大鼠左室舒张功能。     

人工全膝关节置换术后康复锻炼的评价

目的评价人工全膝关节置换术后康复锻炼在临床中的价值。方法术前让患者进行患肢髂关节的屈伸、旋转、活动,踝关节背伸、跖屈活动,股四头肌等长等张收缩锻炼,以提高患肢肌力,增强术后关节稳定性。结果20例患者平均关节活动度由80度提高到105度,平均KSS评分由46分提高到88分,术后功能恢复到接近正常人,无1例发生并发症。结论以预防并发症为中心的早期锻炼及指导患者出院后的持续功能锻炼,是患者康复的必由途径。     

美托洛尔缓释片对慢性心衰心功能及心率变异性的影响

目的探讨美托洛尔缓释对慢性充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者心功能、室性心律失常及心率变异性（HRV）的影响。方法 118例慢性心力衰竭患者并室性心律失常患者按随机分配原则分为治疗组、对照组,各59例。治疗组在对照组常规治疗的基础上加用美托洛尔缓释片47.5mg每天一次,逐渐加量至142.5mg每天一次或最大耐受量。结果治疗组猝死率明显减低,治疗后射血分数（EF）较对照组明显增加,室性心律失常明显减少,HRV参数明显好转。结论美托洛尔缓释片可增加慢性心衰患者EF,减少室性心律失常及改善HRV。     

高血压性心脏病早期左心功能不全X线诊断价值分析

目的探讨高血压性心脏病早期左心功能不全X线诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院近2年来高血压性心脏病早期左心功能不全病例76例,依据临床有无早期心衰症状分为A、B两组（A组有早期心衰症状,B组无心衰症状）,两组患者均行常规X线与超声心动检查,并对两种检查方法所得结果进行对比分析。结果 X线诊断左心功能不全病例A组16例,B组13例;超声心动图检查结果A组19例,B组43例均有左心房增大,左心室后壁与室间隔对称性肥厚,左心室内径增大,左心室舒张功能减退,两种检查结果差异无显著性。结论常规胸部X线检查对高血压性心脏病早期左心功能不全具有一定的诊断作用。     

针灸治疗卒中后痉挛性瘫痪状态的临床研究

目的观察针灸治疗对卒中后痉挛性瘫痪状态的影响。方法 80例卒中后痉挛性瘫痪状态患者随机平分为两组,对照组采用康复训练,观察组患者使用针灸治疗。结果观察组总有效率为95.0%。对照组总有效率为75.0%,两组间总有效率相比具有统计学差异(P<0.05);两组FMA、BMI与治疗前相对比,评分均有显著性差异,但是观察组的评分有更加明显的上升。结论针灸治疗卒中后痉挛性瘫痪具有明显的效果,能够改善患者肢体运动功能,值得临床推广应用。