头颈部肿瘤CT灌注成像表现与微血管生成因子表达水平的相关性研究

目的研究头颈部肿瘤CT灌注与肿瘤血管生成因子（VEGF）的相关性。方法对85例共88个（恶性77个，良性11个）头颈部肿瘤术前行CT灌注检查。采用螺旋CT机自带软件绘制感兴趣区（ROI）的时间-密度曲线（TDC）并计算ROI强化峰值（PH）、达峰时间（PT）、平均通过时间（MTT），病灶相对强化峰值（RPH）和灌注量（PF）。其中35例切取与CT灌注靶层面相同的组织切片，行CD34、VEGF抗体免疫组织化学染色，分析肿瘤CT灌注成像表现与微血管密度（MVD）和VEGF表达的相关性。结果（1）头颈部肿瘤CT灌注成像TDC主要有3种类型，77个恶性肿瘤中53个（68．9％）表现为速升速降型；9个淋巴瘤中6个TDC表现为低平型曲线，与68个其他肿瘤中仅有9个为低平型曲线相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）甲状腺癌呈高灌注，其PF（中位数为82．2ml·min^-1·100g^-1）与淋巴瘤PF（中位数为24．5ml·min^-1·100g^-1）、头颈鳞癌PF（中位数为23．8ml·min^-1·100g^-1）相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）11个良性肿瘤的MVD均数为（44．7±3．4）条／高倍视野，24个恶性肿瘤的MVD为（49．6±14．8）条／高倍视野，良恶性肿瘤间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；VEGF在恶性肿瘤呈强阳性者15个，弱阳性9个；在良性肿瘤呈强阳性1个，弱阳性10个，VEGF的表达强阳性率在良、恶性肿瘤差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。（4）MVD（中位数40．0）与PH（中位数26．9）、RPH（中位数14．5）和PF（中位数46．8）有明显相关性（r值分别为0．35、45．49和0．41），VEGF（中位数4．0）表达与MTT（中位数16．7）呈负相关（r=-0．41）。结论CT灌注成像TDC形态对头颈部肿瘤诊断及鉴别诊断有一定的帮助。MVD、VEGF与CT灌注相关，CT灌注成像可以反映肿瘤微循环情况。     

复方角菜酸酯栓在痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术后的临床应用评价

目的评价复方角菜酸酯栓对缓解痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术(PPH)后患者早期不适症状方面的疗效。方法选取2002年11月至2003年7月行PPH的80例患者,随机分为治疗组(复方角菜酸酯栓组,42例)和对照组(常规处理组,38例),分别记录两组患者术后24h和第6及第12天时的症状改善情况、术后24h有无尿潴留情况、术后首次排便时间、试验结束时伤口愈合情况、住院时间和换药次数、停药及停药的原因以及伴随用药情况。结果术后24h治疗组患者症状总得分(4.4)较对照组(6.1)低,P<0.05。但至术后第6和第12天时,两组症状得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组患者在各时间点的症状得分减少值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者在术后24h出现尿潴留的比率和住院天数方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论复方角菜酸酯栓对于缓解PPH术后早期的不适症状效果良好。     

TEN YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN LOW VISION PRACTICE

The Low Vision Clinic at the Palmerston North Hospital has now been oerating for 70 years. Over the course of these ten years a number of factors have emerged which can be as readily applied to general ophthalmological practice as to low vision practice. The philosophy of low vision care is one of which all ophthalmologists should be aware and includes factors to be taken into account when dealing with children, people in the workplace, and everyday factors involved in daily living activities, all of which are equally relevant in routine ophthalmological practice. This paper endeavours to share some thoughts on these factors and also discusses means by which the visually handicapped can be helped in areas where specialist low vision services are not readily available.     

Further evidence of preserved memory function in Alzheimer's disease

Memory performance of elderly patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (DAT) was compared with that of elderly control subjects. In explicit tests of recognition memory, which involve conscious recollection, the DAT patients were grossly impaired. In implicit tests of anagram solution and wordstem completion, which do not require conscious recollection, the DAT patients were not impaired. These findings further support the idea that a separate memory system, episodic memory, underlies conscious recollection, that it is this system which is most commonly damaged in amnesia, and that memory systems not involving conscious recollection may be spared in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.     

老年人急性阑尾炎的腹腔镜手术治疗

目的 探讨老年人急性阑尾炎的临床特点，更好地把握腹腔镜阑尾切除（LA）术的方法和特点。方法 回顾分析50例老年人急性阑尾炎LA的临床资料。结果 LA均获成功，患者全部治愈，无严重的并发症发生，肠功能恢复时间及住院时间均缩短。结论 老年人反应迟钝，阑尾炎进展快，易发生坏疽及穿孔，合并症多，手术风险较高，LA是安全、可行的，除个别腹膜后阑尾炎外，其余均可施行LA。     

MRI对累及头颈部淋巴组织病变的鉴别意义

目的:基于累及头颈部淋巴组织病变的临床不典型性,旨在探讨MRI对其进行鉴别诊断的客观依据。方法:对本组22例可疑累及头颈部淋巴组织的各类病变进行MRI检查并与病理学结果进行对照。结果:MRI对本组22例累及淋巴组织病变的诊断与病理学诊断的符合率(21/22)约为95%。结论:MRI是对累及头颈部淋巴组织病变的重要检查手段,并能为明确其诊断提供客观依据。     

Implication of the systolic hump in systemic arterial pressure waves

The systolic hump in the aortic blood pressure wave is defined as the aorticresistance component proportional to the aortic blood flow superimposed on the windkessel component. An electrical analogue comprising a series resistance (aortic resistance) plus a resistance (peripheral resistance) and capacitance (aortic compliance) in parallel (i.e. windkessel component) is used for analysis. Curve fitting using the leastsquares method is performed on calculated and measured blood pressure waves from dogs under haemodynamical conditions induced by infusion of three drugs (noradrenaline, isoproterenol and acetylcholine). The curve fitting RMS (root mean square) errors are <3% for blood pressure waves and <30% for blood flow waves, with good agreement between measured and calculated blood flow waveforms. Infusion of noradrenaline and acetylcholine is found to induce a significant decrease and increase in the aortic resistance, respectively. Although only a small fraction of the blood pressure wave, the systolic hump has a marked effect on the systolic pressure waveform.     

神经节苷酯对老年性学习记忆减退鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响

目的研究神经节苷酯对老年性学习记忆减退鼠空间学习记忆的影响。方法用Ｍｏｒｉｓ水迷宫筛选老年性学习记忆减退昆明小鼠，腹腔注射神经节苷酯１４天，然后测试小鼠定位航行和空间探索能力。结果与老年学习记忆减退鼠对照组比较，治疗组平均逃避潜伏期缩短，原平台游泳距离和穿环数次却增大，但均未达到老年学习记忆正常组和青年组水平。结论提示神经节苷酯可改善老年性学习记忆减退鼠空间学习记忆能力。