阴道半封闭术对老年盆腔器官脱垂患者的治疗作用

阴道半封闭术又称LeFort手术,对于高龄体弱、耐受手术能力差、不要求保留阴道功能的重度盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)患者是一种重要的术式.该术式简便、安全、经济,有着独有的优势和不可或缺的地位,此经典的术式术后有一定复发率,并有新发尿失禁等并发症的发生,王武亮教授团队针对LeFor...     

Facial fractures �C association with ocular injuries: A 13-year review of one practice in a tertiary care centre

BACKGROUND

The incidence of ocular injury associated with facial fractures has been reported to be between 0.8% and 30%.

OBJECTIVE

Because of this wide range of incidences, a system to stratify the risk of ocular injury by type of facial fracture was sought.

METHODS

The present study reviewed 266 patients with facial fractures to determine the risk factors for ocular injury. The anatomy of each facial fracture was classified using an orbit-centred approach according to the number of orbital walls fractured. Patients were then grouped using this classification system. Charts documenting follow-up for each patient over a minimum of one year were examined and initial emergency room presentations of patients with subsequent visual impairment were recorded.

RESULTS

The incidence of severe visual impairment and blindness was 4.5% overall. Although all facial fractures (including isolated fractures of the mandible) had a notable incidence of ocular injury, an increased number of orbital wall fractures were correlated with an increased incidence of permanent visual disability. One of 147 (0.68%) patients without an orbital wall fracture sustained permanent severe ocular injury or blindness, while 13.5% (five of 37) of three-wall orbital fracture patients and 25% (four of 16) of four-wall orbital fracture patients sustained the same injury.

CONCLUSIONS

The risk of ocular injury in complex facial fractures can be stratified by the degree of orbital wall involvement. However, because all patients with persistent visual impairment had ocular findings on initial examination, it is proposed that oculovisual testing is a more sensitive indicator of lasting ocular injuries than the type of facial fracture.     

Fracture of the clivus as an unusual complication of LeFort I osteotomy: case report

LeFort I osteotomy is a standard technique for the surgical correction of dentofacial deformities. Despite its low morbidity, it can lead to various complications at the base of the skull. We report the case of a fractured clivus as an unusual complication.     

Midface osteotomies lines: Evolution by Paul Tessier,the second Tessier classification

The Tessier collection is an inheritance of a whole career of a surgeon and a life dedicated to cranio-facial malformations. It is a good opportunity to analyse some particular points of the surgical work of Paul Tessier, in particular to understand how the midface advancement procedures were made up and thought out. Medical files, pictures, X-rays and drawings help us to describe step by step the different types of midface osteotomies done by Paul Tessier, from TESSIER I to TESSIER VII osteotomies. The author describes the reason for the surgical lines and their modifications justified by all those files and by Tessier's personal annotations. Based on a single clinical case, Tessier experimented with new surgical procedures, firstly on skulls and dissection then the proposed surgery, the experience of the surgery and the post-operative result for each patient made him decide to change lines and procedures. At each step, the modification was done to improve stability, aesthetics, or to do the procedure in an easier way. Difficulties and mistakes were always new lessons for further patients.     

虚拟手术设计在双颌正颌手术中的精准性研究

目的评估虚拟手术设计在双颌正颌手术中的精准性,以期为临床提供参考。方法纳入需行双颌正颌手术的患者30例,利用CT数据和牙弓平面扫描数据建立复合颅骨模型,在Dolphin Imaging 11.7 Premium软件上模拟上颌骨LeFort I型骨切开术和双侧下颌支矢状骨劈开术,必要时行颏成形术,利用3D打印的手术导板将虚拟手术设计转移到术中。选择3个平面:眶耳平面(FHP)、面中平面(垂直于FHP且通过鼻根点)和冠状面(垂直于FHP且通过蝶鞍点)。选择6个标志点:上、下颌中切牙的近中接触点(UI、LI)以及上下颌第一磨牙的近中颊尖(U6-R、U6-L、L6-R、L6-L)。在虚拟手术模型和真实术后模型上测量选定标志点和对称平面之间的距离,并计算两模型之间的线性差异和总体平均线性差异(UI、LI、U6-R、U6-L、L6-R、L6-L分别与眶耳平面、面中平面和冠状面之间距离的平均差异)。确定由咬合平面、腭平面和下颌平面分别与眶耳平面和面中平面构成的角度值,并计算虚拟手术模型和真实术后模型之间的角度差异和总体平均角度差异。结果借助3D打印手术导板,虚拟手术设计被成功转移至实际手术中,所有患者术后对面型和咬合都很满意。虚拟与真实模型间的总体平均线性差异为0.81 mm(上颌骨0.71 mm,下颌骨0.91 mm);总体平均角度差异为0.95°(相对于眶耳平面的平均角度差异为1.10°,相对于面中平面的平均角度差异为0.83°)。结论虚拟手术设计有助于牙颌面畸形的诊断和治疗计划的制定,可以增加双颌正颌手术中骨块定位的精准性。     

LeFort I 型截骨术在陈旧性上颌骨骨折中的临床应用

目的：探讨LeFortⅠ型截骨术在陈旧性上颌骨骨折中的临床应用。方法：对30例陈旧性上颌骨骨折患者采用LeFortⅠ型截骨术进行治疗，考察其咬合关系等恢复情况。结果：28例患者咬合关系及咀嚼功能恢复满意；2例患者咀嚼功能恢复不理想，考虑为咬合平面的改建没有达到神经-肌肉的平衡。结论：LeFonⅠ型截骨术是治疗陈旧性上颌骨骨折一种较好的方法。