CT引导下带钩钢丝术前定位在胸腔镜下孤立性肺小结节切除术中的应用

Objective Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) provides a minimally invasive approach to resect small solitary pulmonary nodules (SSPN). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization for SSPN in VATS. Methods Hookwire was used to localize 26 SSPN under CT guidance in 24 patients (14 male, 10 female, age range 21-61 years, mean 52.3 years), preoperatively, and wedge resection was performed through VATS. The lesion size, distance from the lesion to parietal pleura, the time of localization and complications were evaluated. Results All the 26 pulmonary nodules were preoperatively detected and localized with hookwire under CT-guidance. The mean lesion size was 10.05 ± 3.08 nun in diameter, and the mean distance from lesion to parietal pleura was 10.09±2. 62 mm. The mean localization time was 20. 18±7.16 min, and then the nodules were removed by VATS within 18 ± 6. 65 min. The major complication of CT-guided hookwire localization was mild pneumothorax in 6 patients (25.0%), but no one needed chest tube drainage. The dislodgment of hookwire was found in only one patient (4.2%) during the operation, but the lesion was still successfully resected under VATS. Of those patients, 8 were confirmed to have a primary NSCLC by rapid pathologic diagnosis during VATS wedge resection, and then VATS lobectomies were performed. Condusion The preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization for small solitary pulmonary nodules is an effective and safe technique to assist VATS resection of the nodules.     

Design and test of a vascular access device

Transarterial left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), such as the Hemopump, IABP, and PUCA-pump, are meant to be introduced into the body via the femoral or axillary artery without major surgery. For certain applications, introduction is performed directly into the aorta via an open thorax procedure. A prototype of a vascular access device has been realized that allows direct access into the aorta as an alternative for the common surgical graft anastomosis suturing technique. The device consists of a metal tube acting as a circular knife to cut a hole in the aortic wall, a screw to store the removed part of the aortic wall, and a plastic tube that is introduced through the hole and tightly connected to the aortic wall. The device could be placed without aortic clamping. The device has been tested on a slaughterhouse porcine aorta. A low-pressurized aorta appeared to be the worst case; thus, two animal experiments in the low-pressurized pulmonary artery were performed. No leakage occurred for pressures between 40 and 300 mm Hg.     

Use of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in oral surgery: biological and clinical evaluation

N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate based tissue adhesive, Tisuacryl, was employed as a nonsuture method for closing wounds in oral surgery. One hundred thirty patients were treated with the adhesive and 30 with suture. The surgical procedures were apicectomy, extraction of molars, and mucogingival grafting. The studied product was well tolerated by the tissue and permitted immediate hemostasis and normal healing of incisions. When Tisuacryl was used as dressing material for donor sites and mucosal ulcerations, pain relief was observed.     

Cystosarcoma phyllodes: Our institutional experience

Twenty‐six patients of Cystosarcoma phyllodes, treated between July 1994 and July 2001, were analysed retrospectively. Median age at presentation was 38 years (range 13?61 years). Mean size of the lesion was 6 cm. There were 77% left‐sided lesions and 23% right‐sided lesions. Histologically, 58% lesions were benign, 11% borderline and 31% malignant lesions. All patients underwent definitive surgical procedure in the form of wide local excision or mastectomy. Four patients received postoperative radiotherapy. Median follow‐up period was 35 months. Six patients showed recurrence, and four of these were malignant. Median disease‐free survival period was 34 months.     

38例腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的临床分析

目的 分析腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的治疗结果。方法 1958～1998年我院收治38例腹膜后脂肪肉瘤。21例为首程治疗,17例局部复发后再程治疗。21例初治患者均接受手术治疗,手术完整切除率为86％。3例接受术后放射治疗。17例外院术后复发再程治疗患者有13例在我院接受手术,4例接受单纯放疗。再程手术完整切除率为54％,1例接受术后放放射治疗。放疗剂量DT30Gy～70Gy,中位剂量50Gy。结果 全组患者5年总生存率为50％,5年远转率为7.3％,5年局部复发率为65％,初程治疗和再程治疗组的5年总生存率为53％和48％,无显著性差异(P=0.293,5年局部复发率为59％和74％,无显著差别(P=0.615)。全组手术完整切除组5年生存率为58％,部分切除或未切除者5年生存率为27％,有显著性差异(P=0.006)。34例有肿瘤大小记录的患者,其中4例肿瘤<10cm,均存活;22例肿瘤10～30cm,有13例死亡;8例肿瘤≥30cm,有6例死亡。结论 腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的治疗以手术为主,手术完整切除可显著提高生存率。经积极治疗,复发患者仍能取得很好的效果。     

73例70岁以上妇女妇科恶性肿瘤手术分析

[目的]探讨70岁以上妇科恶性肿瘤患者手术的耐受情况。[方法]收集浙江省肿瘤医院自1996年1月到2001年12月间,70岁以上妇科恶性肿瘤患者接受盆腔姑息性和根治性手术治疗73例,分析不同年龄及手术范围对术后恢复的影响。[结果]73例患者66例选择了根治性手术,7例接受姑息性手术。术后70~75岁组和>75岁组,其手术方式、平均住院时间、术前术后并发症等无明显差别。术中出血量、手术时间及并发症发生率均明显较姑息性手术组增加,12例严重并发症中,11例发生在根治性手术组。[结论]经过严密的术前准备、术后处理,70岁以上的老年妇女能够耐受根治性手术治疗。     

结直肠癌并发急性穿孔的处理

[目的]探讨结直肠癌并发急性穿孔处理方式。[方法]1994年至2002年11例结直肠癌伴发急性穿孔者均急诊手术，4例行I期肿瘤切除肠吻合术，6例I期肿瘤切除、远端关闭，近端造瘘术(Hartmann手术)，l例行穿孔修补术。[结果]全部病例无手术死亡。随访6—85个月，4例健在，中位生存期27．7个月。[结论]结直肠癌伴急性穿孔应以挽救生命为关键及时手术，尽量争取行I期肿瘤切除以提高生存率。     

非小细胞肺癌的治疗进展

全文综述了近年来非小细胞肺癌手术、化放疗临床治疗上的一些进展，并就可能出现的新的治疗模式作一展望。     

乳腺癌根治术后皮瓣坏死原因及预防措施探讨

目的 探讨乳腺癌术后皮瓣坏死的原因及预防皮瓣坏死的新方法。方法 将1990～1999年420乳腺癌病例分为对照组和实验组,将其手术方法进行对比研究。结果 前6年对照组皮瓣坏死率为43.3％,后4年实验组皮瓣坏死率为11.8％。经统计学处理,两组差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 实验组的新措施对预防乳腺皮瓣坏死有重要作用,真皮层血管网的损伤是皮瓣坏死的根本原因。     

胸腺瘤外科治疗

目的 对96例胸腺瘤进行临床分析,了解胸腺瘤手术与分期、预后的关系。方法 总结96例胸腺瘤患者,按Masaoka分期法进行分期。分析不同分期胸腺瘤与生存率之间关系。结果完整手术切除83例(86.5％),姑息性切除9例(9.4％),探查活检4例(4.2％),死亡1例(1.04％)。5年、10年生存率Ⅰ期为91.4％、84.5％,Ⅱ期为70.6％、52.9％,Ⅲ期为50.0％、28.6％,Ⅳa期为14.3％、0。结论 胸腺瘤治疗应尽可能完整切除肿瘤及部分周围组织,以达到手术彻底切除。Masao-ka分期是主要预后因素。