白花丹的研究进展

通过查阅参考大量的文献资料，对多民族药材白花丹的原植物、药材、化学成分、药理作用、临床应用等作一介绍。     

肺炎支原体对大环内酯类抗生素的耐药分子机制

目的了解肺炎支原体(MP)对大环内酯类抗生素的耐药分子机制。方法对370例咽拭子标本进行MP分离培养,应用巢式PCR扩增MP种特异16S rRNA基因对临床分离株进行分子鉴定;通过体外药物敏感试验测定MP临床分离株对红霉素的最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC),并筛选出耐药株;除23S rRNA结构域Ⅴ区外,通过PCR扩增与大环内酯类抗生素耐药性有关的23S rRNA结构域Ⅱ区及核糖体蛋白L4、L22的基因,扩增产物进行全自动DNA测序,测得序列与美国国立生物信息中心已登录的MP标准株M129的相应基因序列作比对。结果370例咽拭子标本中分离MP50株。其中敏感株4株,耐药株46株。耐药株的红霉素MIC显著升高。50株临床分离株和标准株FH均未出现23S rRNA结构域Ⅱ区的基因突变。在核糖体蛋白L4中,其中6株临床分离株和标准株FH分别出现了58位C→A、66位T→G、81位G→T、162位C→A和(或)430位A→G点突变。在核糖体蛋白L22中,50株临床分离株和标准株FH均出现了508位T→C点突变,且其中11株和标准株FH还分别出现了62位C→A、65位T→A和(或)279位T→C点突变。结论MP对大环内酯类抗生素耐药现象严重,23S rRNA结构域Ⅴ区中心环的药物作用靶位基因突变是耐药性产生的主要机制。在使用大环内酯类药物治疗的过程中,有体内诱导出耐药株的可能性。     

广西余甘子叶导数光谱鉴别的研究

[目的]为广西余甘子叶的鉴别提供科学依据。[方法]采用紫外-可见光谱法。[结果]广西余甘子叶紫外-可见光谱法具有一定的光谱特征，且大多数回流液比冷浸液的吸收峰强。[结论]本研究可为广西余甘子叶的鉴别提供辅助手段。     

维药香青兰中挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的：用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）法对香青兰的挥发油成分进行分析。方法：按《中国药典》要求用水蒸气蒸馏法得到香青兰的挥发油，用GC-MS法分离并分析其化学成分，采用气相色谱峰面积归一化法定量。结朵：鉴定出51种成分，其中柠檬醛（顺式及反式）含量较高，占总挥发性成分的相对含量为31．43％，其次为棕榈酸（16．48％）及香叶醇乙酸酯（9．02％），提示其可以作为制备柠檬香系香料的重要原料。结论：本方法稳定可靠，重现性好，适用于香青兰挥发油的化学成分分析。     

新疆一枝蒿化学成分的研究

目的研究新疆一枝蒿Artemisia rupestris全草的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、聚酰胺和Sephadex LH-20等方法进行分离纯化,采用光谱分析和理化常数对照等方法对所得化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从新疆一枝蒿的醋酸乙酯部分分离得到6个化合物,分别是:6-去甲氧基-4′-O-甲基茵陈色原酮-7-O-[6″-乙酰氧基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6-demethoxy-4′-O-methylcapillarisin-7-O-(6″-acetoxy)-β-D-glucopyranoside,]、6-去甲氧基-4′-O-甲基茵陈色原酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6-demethoxy-4′-O-methylcapillarisin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,)、刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,)、对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid,)、一枝蒿酮酸(rupestonic acid,)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,)。结论其中化合物为新化合物,命名为一枝蒿苷A(rupestriside A),化合物～为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

枸杞子乙酸乙酯提取部位的抗氧化活性研究

【目的】研究枸杞子乙酸乙酯提取部位的抗氧化作用。【方法】采用荧光分光光度法研究其抗羟自由基作用;采用紫外可见分光光度法研究其抗氧自由基作用及氧自由基对红细胞的氧化作用。【结果】枸杞子乙酸乙酯提取部位对.OH有很强的抑制和清除作用,并具有浓度依赖性;可清除邻苯三酚自氧化体系产生的O2-.,对抗O2-.对红细胞的氧化作用。【结论】枸杞子乙酸乙酯提取部位具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

大黄中大黄素煎(浸)出率研究

选用传统水煎及袋泡两种方法制备大黄药材单味药汤剂，探讨了不同粒度、不同浸泡时间对大黄主要成分之一大黄素煎（浸）出率的影响。     

Present status and future prospects of oral iron chelation therapy in thalassaemia and other diseases

In the last few years we have witnessed the emergence of oral chelation which is a new form of therapy for transfusional iron-loaded patients in thalassaemia and other refractory anaemias. The need for a cheap, non-toxic, orally effective iron chelator is paramount because it could potentially save the lives of many thousands of patients. At present, less than 10% of the patients requiring iron chelation therapy worldwide receive the widely used chelating drug desferrioxamine (DF) because of its high cost, oral inactivity and toxicity. The most promising oral iron chelator is 1, 2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1 or INN: Deferiprone), which has so far been taken by over 450 patients in 15 countries, and in some cases daily for over 4 years with very promising results. L1 was shown at 50–100 mg/kg/day to be effective in bringing patients to negative iron balance. It increases urinary iron excretion, decreases serum ferritin levels and reduces liver iron in multi-transfused iron-loaded patients. Toxic side effects were mainly encountered at high doses (80–100 mg/kg/day) and include transient agranulocytosis (5 cases), transient musculoskeletal and joint pains (10–20%), gastric intolerance (2–6%) and zinc deficiency (1%). The incidence of these toxic side effects was reduced by using lower doses of 50–75 mg/kg/day. The overall efficacy and toxicity of L1 is comparable to that of DF in animals and humans. Further work is required for identifying susceptible individuals to L1 toxicity, and also optimum dose protocols of L1 which can maximise iron excretion and minimise the incidence of toxic side effects.     

Anti-ulcerogenic effects of Spartium junceum flowers on in vivo test models in rats

Flowers of Spartium junceum L. (Fabaceae) are used for the treatment of gastric ulcers in Turkish folk medicine. Through bioassay-guided fractionation using chemical and chromatographical means and water immersion and restraint-induced stress ulcer model in rats, a saponin fraction was determined as the potent anti-ulcerogenic ingredient. The active fraction was also highly effective in preventing ethanol- and pyloric ligation-induced gastric lesions as well as inhibiting gastric secretion volume, gastric pH and titratable acidity, but did not affect the hexosamine content of the gastric mucosa. A novel oleanen-type triterpenic saponin, named as spartitrioside, was isolated as the active principle by using chromatographical separation techniques.     

L-NNA对脑缺血再灌注后海马区细胞凋亡的影响

自从一氧化氮(Ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅ,ＮＯ)作为一种特殊的效应分子引起人们的关注以来,许多生物学效应被归因于ＮＯ的作用。在脑血管系统中,ＮＯ的生物学效应对调节脑血管功能有重要意义。已有文献报道细胞的ＮＯ依赖性死亡是通过细胞凋亡实现的。本文探讨一氧化氮合酶(Ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅ,ＮＯＳ)抑制剂ＬＮＮＡ与海马区细胞凋亡的关系。1　材料与方法1.1　实验动物　♂沙土鼠70～80ｇ(约12ｗｋ龄)20只,随机分为两组,实验组及对照组各10只。19991030收稿,19991224修回山东省自然科学基金资助课题,ＮｏＹ98Ｃ19048作…