基于 Shapiro 模型推理算法的智能知识获取在中医知识库中的实现

本文应用现代计算机技术,将Shapiro模型推理算法运用于中医知识库中,使该知识库系统具有智能知识获取的能力.     

Hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in anemia

Summary In blood of 21 anemic patients and 8 normal subjects (N) thre oxygen dissociation curves each were measured at different pH values to calculate Bohr coefficients after acidification with CO₂ (BC_{CO 2}) or fixed acid (BC_FA), and other important parameters of oxygen affinity. The patients had either low hemoglobin or red cell production (L:n=11, 7.3 g/dl Hb) or high erythrocyte production combined with high loss (H:n=10, 7.8 g/dl Hb). The standard half saturation pressure P₅₀ (pH 7.4, 37°C) was equally elevated in both anemic groups (L:30.5, H:30.8, N:26.7 mmHg), as well as the diphosphoglycerate concentration (DPG) (L:18.7, H:18.6, N:12.7 mol/g Hb). The red cell pH of the anemics was lower than for the N (approximately 0.045 units) causing part of the difference in P₅₀. Hill's ntended to high values in the anemics except at low O₂-saturation in the H. For BC_{CO 2} no significant difference among the groups was observed. BC_FA, however, increased in the H at low S_{O 2} compared to the N and L. The cause for most of the changes in hemoglobin oxygen affinity in anemics was the high [DPG]. The combination of high P₅₀ and high n value as in the L seems to be most advantageous for tissue oxygenation.The measurements were performed during a stay as visiting professor at the Universidad del Valle, supported by Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst VS 931 509 0013     

糖尿病患者药物治疗认知、态度与依从性研究

目的 了解糖尿病患者药物治疗依从性现状及其影响因素,探讨药物治疗认知、态度与依从性之间的关系,为改善药物治疗依从性提供参考。方法 采用分层抽样方法,在山东省东中西部地区选取900名纳入基本公共卫生服务的糖尿病患者进行问卷调查,对842份有效问卷进行描述性分析、χ2检验以及多因素logistic回归分析。结果 842名糖尿病患者中,52.7%的患者药物治疗依从性较好。年龄越大的患者药物治疗依从性越差（OR = 0.66,95%CI:0.46～0.94,P = 0.022;OR = 0.46,95%CI:0.30～0.71,P＜0.001）;病程5～10年的患者比小于5年的患者药物治疗依从性更好（OR = 1.43,95%CI:1.03～1.98,P = 0.034）;药物治疗认知水平越高的患者药物治疗依从性越好（OR = 2.78,95%CI:1.21～6.38,P = 0.016;OR = 2.89,95%CI:1.27～6.58,P = 0.012）;药物治疗态度较好的患者比较差的患者药物治疗依从性更好（OR = 2.58,95%CI:1.28～5.18,P = 0.008）。结论 糖尿病患者的药物治疗依从性仍有待提升;提高患者的药物治疗认知水平与治疗态度有助于提高药物治疗依从性;应加强对糖尿病患者的健康知识教育,转变患者的药物治疗态度。     

医疗绩效管理中实施PDCA循环的效果分析

目的对比分析实施PDCA循环前后医疗绩效管理的效果。方法医院每季度进行一次绩效管理考核,分为核心制度、病历质量、用药情况、耗材情况和医疗效率5个维度。2019年第一季度绩效管理开始引入PDCA循环,以第一季度各维度得分作为基础值,对比分析引入PDCA循环前后各维度得分,以手术科室为例,进行统计分析。结果核心制度、病历质量、耗材情况维度得分比较,均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义;用药情况、医疗效率维度得分比较,均P>0.05,但各季度得分相比基础值均逐渐升高,第四季度与基础值比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医疗绩效管理中实施PDCA循环,能有效提升管理水平,促进医疗质量螺旋上升。     

上海市预防接种工作人员疑似预防接种异常反应监测认知和报告影响因素

目的了解上海市预防接种工作人员疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse events following immunization,AEFI)监测的知识和态度以及影响AEFI报告的因素。方法采用方便抽样在上海市所有459个预防接种门诊选择预防接种工作人员开展问卷调查,分析AEFI监测知识得分(满分6分)和态度,采用多因素Logistic回归分析AEFI报告的影响因素。结果1379名调查对象的AEFI监测知识平均得分为3.30±1.31分;认为开展AEFI监测有必要、报告AEFI是自身职责、AEFI监测是额外工作负担的调查对象分别占98.84%、92.75%、30.38%。69.62%的调查对象近1年报告过AEFI;社区接种门诊、免疫规划专职人员、近1年接受过AEFI培训、AEFI监测知识得分高的调查对象报告AEFI的比例高[OR(95%CI):19.55(14.16-26.98)、1.95(1.45-2.64)、3.14(1.76-5.59)、1.91(1.38-2.63)]。结论上海市预防接种工作人员AEFI监测知识水平不高,对AEFI监测存在一定认识误区;需加强AEFI监测培训,进一步提高其AEFI报告意识。     

信息交流视角下国内外科技期刊的知识服务模式

【目的】在信息交流视角下,探讨我国科技期刊知识服务转型发展的突破路径。 【方法】通过文献调研和对比分析法,探讨面向科技期刊知识服务的科学信息交流模式框架,对国内外科技期刊知识服务模式进行分析。 【结果】分别从正式交流和非正式交流视角,归纳总结国内外科技期刊所开展的知识服务。通过对比国内外科技期刊在服务模式、手段和渠道的差异,提出我国科技期刊知识服务的发展策略。 【结论】我国科技期刊应从集团化经营模式、自动化出版流程、基于微信矩阵拓展服务项目等方面入手,完善自身的知识服务体系,实现知识生产向知识服务的创新转型。     

Pediatric cranial osteoblastoma: Technical note of surgical treatment and review of the literature

Osteoblastoma of the skull is a rare entity, and they account only for 2-4% of all the cases of osteoblastoma. We perform a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature on the subject and we report a case of a 3-year-old girl presenting with a 6-month history of a supraorbital mass and exophthalmos due to an osteoblastoma of the frontal and ethmoid bones involving the orbit and anterior skull base. A 3D printed model of the patient's skull was used for the preoperative planning and reconstruction strategy. Total en-bloc resection of the tumor followed by immediate reconstruction was achieved. No recurrence was detected 3 years after the surgery. Gross total resection is strongly advised with skull osteoblastoma, especially in young age, because of the risk of the recurrence and malignant transformation. 3D printing is proven to be a valuable tool to enhance surgical performance by avoiding complications while achieving total resection with accurate reconstruction. Long-term follow-up is important to detect recurrences and improve the management of these young patients.     

Associations and community health workers: analysis and time trends over ten years of training-action

ObjectiveTo analyse the profile of the persons and associations that participated in the course, quantify peer education activities and analyse their evolution.MethodA quantitative study using an analysis of the course records from 2009 to 2018 was designed for this purpose inside mihsalud program designed to promote health amongst persons in vulnerable situations in the city of Valencia (Spain). It offers a yearly training-action course of community health workers (CHW) that is attended by persons who have been proposed by associations. The associations were defined according to their population (immigrant, local or intercultural) and the CHWs according to gender, country of birth, year of course, association and continuity after training. Means and confidence intervals were calculated at 95% and a bivariate analysis was conducted in order to compare the activities that took place in 2009 to 2013 with those of 2014 to 2018. The time trends were analysed by applying linear regression models that included the different years studied as the dependent variable.Results201 CHW of 31 nationalities were trained, 81.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 75.5-86.7] were women. Eighty-two associations participated, 51.2% (95% CI: 39.9-62.4] worked with culturally diverse populations. Participation by associations (p = .017) and CHWs (p = .377) increased in a statistically significant manner over the years. After the course, 35.3% (95% CI: 28.7-42.4] of the CHWs continued to collaborate voluntarily in the associations.ConclusionsThe results of the CHW training-action course improve over time given that a significant increase in participation by associations and women can be seen, along with a greater number of activities completed during the training. One effect of this is that CHWs are contracted or carry out voluntary activities in the associations.     

A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

甲状腺肿的专家诊断与咨询系统

本文通过对１７４８３例甲状腺肿大中五种甲状腺病病例的收集、分析、整理、统计与提炼，确定了诊断原则，建立了知识库、病例库和正反双向混合推理机制，完成了用Ｔｕｒｂｏ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ语言编制。采用适用于表示医学产生式知识表示方法所开发的专家诊断与咨询系统，为教学、临床工作及家庭保健提供了有价值的软件。经临床病例验证，该软件准确、可靠、有很强的实用价值，对人工智能的研究、临床及教学的现代化，提高人们的保健水