创伤性膝关节脱位失稳性的检查与治疗

目的：探讨创伤性膝关节脱位失稳性的检查方法、手术时机与治疗方法。方法：本组63例创伤性膝关节脱位，男48例，女15例；年龄16-75岁，平均36．6岁。鲜新膝关节脱位40例，陈旧膝关节脱位23例。按Wascher膝关节脱位分型标准：KD—Ⅰ型1例，KD—Ⅱ型13例，KD-Ⅲ型17例，KD—Ⅳ型18例，KD—Ⅴ型14例。结合物理与影像学检查评判患膝稳定性。单纯开放手术治疗53例，单纯关节镜治疗4例，关节镜加开放手术治疗4例，截肢1例，全膝关节置换1例。结果：膝MRI阳性率100％（39／39），膝应力位X线检查阳性率100％（19／19），膝关节镜阳性率93．3％（14／15）。按Lysholm膝关节评分标准：治疗前陈旧伤组平均（37．17±5．33）分，新鲜伤组平均（37．41±5．38）分；治疗后陈旧伤组平均（67．33±14．72）分，新鲜伤组平均（82．45±12．13）分（Z=-3．061，P=0．002）。结论：膝关节应力位X线检查、MR及关节镜检查对评判创伤性膝关节脱位的稳定性有积极意义，失稳性创伤膝关节脱住手术治疗的关键是早期，鲜新伤以修复为主，陈旧伤以重建为主。     

Total knee arthroplasty coincident with high tibial osteotomy

Established lower limb alignment and knee stability are the two main prognosis factors influencing good functional result and prosthesis life. During Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), correction of tibial extra-articular deformity cannot be achieved without ligament balancing. Excessive valgus deformity after a failed high tibial osteotomy (HTO) necessitates a much larger resection of bone from the medial tibial plateau resulting in a trapezoidal extension gap. In overcorrected valgus knee patients after failed HTO, meticulous preoperative planning is required to predict complementary procedures needed to achieve flexion-extension balance with optimal postoperative lower limb alignment. This article details the preoperative planning involved and the intraoperative technique used in such cases. We describe a planning methodology consisting of measuring medial and lateral distance between future femoral and tibial orthogonal resection lines, drawn on valgus and varus stress radiographs (arrows). If the medial distance (medial arrows) on the valgus stress radiographs is longer than the lateral arrows on the varus stress radiographs, a lateral release will be necessary to achieve a rectangular extension gap during TKA procedure. However, the lateral release needed to compensate medial bone resection is limited. This limit must not exceed 10 millimeters (about 8 to 10° of valgus malunion). Over this limit, total knee arthroplasty plus corrective tibial osteotomy is one of the solutions. We prefer to insert prosthesis inside the “ligament box”; without any ligamentous release. The limb alignment is achieved with corrective tibial osteotomy. We propose and describe how to carry out TKA based on a rectangular extension gap, associated, in the same procedure, with a HTO to restore a neutral alignment of the leg.     

射频汽化仪用于膝关节镜手术的临床初探

目的探索冷融化技术在膝关节镜手术中的应用前景和手术技术。方法采用 ArthroCare 2000汽化仪对 20例不同膝关节疾病患者施行关节镜手术。关节镜下诊断疾病分别为：半月板撕裂 6例,股骨髁关节软骨退变 6例,髌骨半脱位 5例,滑膜增生性炎症 2例,前十字韧带部分损伤 1例。通过汽化仪做膝关节镜下半月板部分切除、损伤软骨面及韧带修整、滑膜部分切除以及髌骨外侧支持带松解术等。结果术后膝关节无须加压包扎,分别于术后 24、 48及 72 h对术侧膝关节做浮髌试验检查,均为阴性。术后 24 h行 CPM锻炼,均无明显膝关节疼痛。患者自觉症状良好。镜下观察关节和半月板软骨处理面光整,无出血。结论 ArthroCare 2000汽化仪操作方便,治疗精确,在切除病损组织时最大限度地减少了邻近组织损伤,同时具有止血功能,有利于早期康复。     

后方稳定型全膝人工关节置换术疗效随访分析

目的探讨后方稳定型全膝人工关节置换术(PSKA)治疗膝关节疾患的临床应用价值. 方法 1995年7月～2000年7月 ,共计PSKA (Insall-Burstein II)18例(19膝),男2 例(3膝),女16例(16膝),其中双侧 1例.年龄44～78岁,平均62.5岁.术前诊断膝关节骨性关节炎15膝,类风湿关节炎 4膝,伴有骨质缺损4膝.术前X线测量膝内翻畸形16膝,膝外翻畸形3膝,屈曲畸形8膝,, 有膝关节手术史2膝.17(18膝)例随访41～60个月,平均49个月.根据HSS膝关节百分评分系统进行评估. 结果术前平均62分,术后平均89分 ,活动范围(ROM)术前平均91°,术后平均115°,其中优11膝,良5膝,中1膝,差 1膝,手术优良率88.9%. 结论 PSKA可增加膝关节R OM和最大屈曲度,并限制其向后半脱位.它不但用于原发的膝关节疾病,还应用于膝关节翻修术的患者.髌骨并发症在PSKA最常见,应给予重视.     

膝关节滑膜软骨瘤病合并股骨骨折1例

滑膜软骨瘤病（synovial chondromatosis）是一种少见关节滑膜疾患，好发于膝、髋、肘等全身大关节，其中以膝关节发病率最高。我院收治一位病史长达30年且合并病理性骨折的患者，国内报道较少，现报告如下。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的微创治疗

目的探讨单独或联合关节镜微创手术对膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的诊断和治疗价值。方法2002年1月～2006年4月，对38例关节镜下诊断膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎（其中5例为院外手术后复发病例）常规行滑膜切除术，囊外病灶较大者辅助小切口开放手术完整切除病灶。样本全部送病理检查。术后常规放置引流管、局部冰敷和按计划功能锻炼。结果38例均为单膝手术，关节镜下滑膜明显增生呈特征性棕黄色，术后病理确诊，其中局灶性病灶20例，弥漫性滑膜炎18例；6例胭窝部位病灶较大而辅助开放手术。术前国际膝关节评分委员会（IKDC）膝关节功能主观评分为（60．4±6．1）分，术后1年时评分为（89．3±7．2）分。38例随访1～4年（平均2．1年），症状无复发，除2例院外开放手术后复发病例膝关节屈曲仅90。外，其余患者屈伸功能正常。结论关节镜手术对膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎具有较高的诊断价值，还可非常有效地处理关节内病变，对囊外病灶较大时应辅助小切口开放手术完整切除病灶以避免症状复发。     

膝关节多韧带损伤的临床研究

目的探讨膝关节多韧带损伤的诊断与治疗方法并评价其治疗效果。方法治疗51例单侧膝关节多韧带损伤,其损伤类型：21例前交叉韧带（ACL）＋内侧副韧带（MCL）,1例ACL＋后外侧复合体（PLC）,4例后交叉韧带（PCL）＋MCL,6例PCL＋PLC,6例ACL＋PCL＋MCL,3例ACL＋PCL＋PLC,8例ACL＋PCL,2例PCL＋髌腱。14例急性Ⅲ度MCL和3例急性Ⅲ度PLC损伤行切开手术,原位缝合,外固定制动3周,再行关节镜下其他韧带手术。2例Ⅲ度慢性MCL和3例Ⅲ度慢性PLC损伤行切开韧带重建术,并同期行关节镜下ACL或PCL重建术。在总共39条ACL损伤中,20条行关节镜下自体Hamstring腱ACL重建术,17条行关节镜下自体骨-髌腱-骨（BPB）重建ACL术,2条行同种异体肌腱重建ACL;在总共29条PCL损伤中,19条行关节镜下自体Hamstring腱PCL重建术,2条行同种异体肌腱重建PCL,另8条急性损伤经固定后由Ⅲ度变为〈Ⅱ度损伤,故未特别治疗。其中,17例ACL＋PCL损伤处理方法为：4例先行PCL重建,二期再行ACL的重建,7例同期自体Hamstring腱重建PCL、自体BPB重建ACL,2例为同种异体肌腱同期重建ACL和PCL,4例仅做ACL重建术。1例髌腱完全性断裂原位修复,另1例部分性髌腱损伤者未治疗。4例合并腓总神经损伤均未做特别治疗。结果平均随访2.4年（9个月～5年）。术后Lysholm评分平均为86.3（51～100）,Tegner活 动评分为5.2（2～8）,均较术前显著增加（P〈0.001）。1例外翻试验为2＋,2例Lachman试验或轴移试验≥2＋,6例应力后沉征或后抽屉试验2＋,4例内翻试验或反轴移试验2＋。其余的对应各种体格检查均为≤1＋。4例合并腓总神经损伤者,术后3例自行恢复,1例未恢复。结论在多韧带损伤中,≤Ⅱ度的MCL或者PLC损伤应采用保守治疗,Ⅲ度损伤者应尽早手术原位修复内侧副韧带及其关节囊或PLC,以利于后期进行其他重要韧带的治疗。交叉韧带或关节内重要组织可二期在?     

Femoral neck fracture following ipsilateral total knee replacement: an analysis of associations and risk factors

There have been case reports of ipsilateral femoral neck fracture after total knee replacement. This occurrence has been attributed to risk factors such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, steroid use and poor mobility. The aim of this study was to see if total knee replacement is a risk factor for neck of femur fracture and to study the associated risk factors. Twenty two patients who had sustained subsequent ipsilateral femoral neck fracture were identified from 1,362 patients who had previously undergone a posterior cruciate ligament-substituting total knee replacement. Clinical chart review and radiological assessment were performed. The average age of the patients was 77(±7) years and the fracture occurred 35(±27) months following the total knee replacement. Positive associations were identified between ipsilateral neck of femur fracture and total knee replacement (P < 0.01), age (P < 0.01), female sex (P < 0.025) and rheumatoid arthritis (P < 0.05). We did not find an association between ipsilateral neck of femur fracture following total knee replacement and preoperative knee deformity (P > 0.5). We also observed an increased risk of supracondylar fracture of the ipsilateral femur in patients who had sustained a neck of femur fracture following total knee replacement (P < 0.001).     

Does the hip powder of Rosa canina (rosehip) reduce pain in osteoarthritis patients?--a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

OBJECTIVE: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) - of a hip powder of Rosa canina (rosehip) preparation for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), in order to estimate the empirical efficacy as a pain reducing compound. METHOD: RCTs from systematic searches were included if they explicitly stated that OA patients were randomized to either rosehip or placebo. The primary outcome was reduction in pain calculated as effect size (ES), defined as the standardized mean difference (SMD). As secondary analysis the number of responders to therapy was analyzed as Odds Ratios (OR), and expressed as the Number Needed to Treat (NNT). Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) methods were applied for the meta-analyses using mixed effects models. RESULTS: The three studies (287 patients and a median trial-duration of 3 months) - all supported by the manufacturer (Hyben-Vital International) - showed a reduction in pain scores by rosehip powder (145 patients) compared to placebo (142 patients): ES of 0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.60], P=0.002. Test for homogeneity seemed to support that the efficacy was consistent across trials (I(2)=0%). Thus it seems reasonable to assume that the three studies were measuring the same overall effect. It seemed twice as likely that a patient allocated to rosehip powder would respond to therapy, compared to placebo (OR=2.19; P=0.0009); corresponding to a NNT of six (95% CI: 4-13) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although based on a sparse amount of data, the results of the present meta-analysis indicate that rosehip powder does reduce pain; accordingly it may be of interest as a nutraceutical, although its efficacy and safety need evaluation and independent replication in a future large-scale/long-term trial.