输尿管硬镜处理复杂肾结石残余结石

目的：提高复杂肾结石的治疗水平。方法：采用输尿管硬镜在术中从肾实质切口，术后从肾造接口取肾内残余结石。结果：5例手术中取石，4例取净；11例手术后取石，其中3例一次取石，5例二次取石，3例三次取石，7例取净。结论：复杂肾结石术中、术后配合输尿管硬镜取石可有效处理残余结石。     

移植肾组织TGF-β1和MMP-2表达及IV型胶原沉积与慢性移植肾肾病的关系

目的 探讨移植肾组织中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)的表达及IV型胶原沉积与慢性移植肾肾病(CAN)的关系.方法 对18例CAN患者进行了移植肾切除术.光镜下观察切除的肾组织标本并根据其纤维化的程度进行分期,用免疫组织化学技术和图像分析法检测移植肾组织中TGF-β1和MMP-2表达量及IV型胶原沉积情况,并分析患者血肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)的水平与移植肾纤维化程度的关系.结果 随着患者移植肾纤维化程度的加重,血清肌酐、尿素氮及肾组织中TGF-β1、IV型胶原基因表达量均增加,MMP-2表达量于移植肾纤维化早期明显升高,并随移植肾纤维化程度加重而逐渐降低.结论 移植肾组织中TGF-β1表达量增高及IV型胶原沉积可以促进CAN的进程,而MMP-2则可抑制其进展.     

“津血同源”“肾为唾”的研究

以23例肾功能不全与20例肾功正常患者的唾液尿素氮、钠、钾、舌面pH值和血液的相应生化检查作对照。结果唾液尿素氮、钾与血尿素氮、钾成正相关性。证实了中医“津血同源”“肾为唾”的理论。     

经皮腔内肾动脉成形术及自体肾移植治疗肾血管性高血压(附7例报告)

自1980到1986年,我院泌尿外科对4例单纯右侧肾动脉狭窄(RAS)性和3例双侧RAS性高血压病人进行了治疗。7例右侧 RAS皆进行了自体肾移植治疗,其中3例双侧RAS者采用PTA治疗,全部病人术后8天内血压皆恢复正常,随诊10个月到6年,无复发且都恢复工作。1例17岁女孩,术后2年结婚,又2年生一女孩,母女健在血压维持正常。     

Assessment of split renal function with99mTc-aprotinin

The aim of this work is to correlate the net kidney uptake of^99mTc-aprotinin (TcA) in 103 subjects with separate effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and some blood chemistry parameters at 90, 180, and 360 min postinjection both in the normal and diseased kidney. Correlations found with separate ERPFs are highly significant at any time (P < 0.001). However, although the slope of the regression line is steeper at 180 min,r tends to deteriorate slightly with time postinjection and a higher intercept on they axis: this pattern is more pronounced if diseased kidneys are considered separately. The following are probably related to the renal handling of TcA: (1) Early scans better reflect blood flow to the kidney, while later scans are more related to the metabolism/excretion tubular mechanisms; (2) correlations found with urea, creatinine, urea clearance, and creatinine clearance are highly significant at any time; (3) in 20 additional patients with diseased kidneys, renal uptake measurements done 360 min postinjection first with TcA and then with DMSA showed better correlations with ERPF employing TcA. Our results indicate that TcA is a feasible indicator of split renal function even at 90 min postinjection when a scan is easily carried out on an outpatient basis.This paper was in part presented at the European Nuclear Medicine Congress, August 14–17, 1984, Helsinki, Finland     

DTPA renal scan assessment of renal allograft dysfunction in rats

The precise cause of allograft dysfunction after renal transplantation often cannot be established by non-invasive means. In clinical practice, radionuclide scans form an integral part of the clinician's armamentarium in the assessment of these patients [1, 2]. Unfortunately, in the clinical setting more than one pathological process may be responsible for the impaired function, making it difficult to correlate the scan appearances with the pathology. In this study in rats we compared the renal DTPA scan appearances of the various pathological processes which may cause renal allograft dysfunction in the immediate post-transplant period.     

IL-2R 在急性细胞性排异反应的同种异体尸体移植肾组织中的检测及意义

为探讨白介素－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ，即ＣＤ２５）在同种异体肾移植急性细胞性排异（ＡＣＲ）临床诊断的作用，着重观察移植肾发生（ＡＣＲ）和无ＡＣＲ时，其间质浸润细胞中ＩＬ－２Ｒ阳性细胞数的变化，及其与间质浸润的淋巴细胞的关系。作者选择同期行异体肾移植，且无并发症患者１７例，采用ＰＡＰ四层免疫酶标法，检测移植肾组织中间质浸润细胞中ＩＬ－２Ｒ阳性细胞数的变化。结果显示：无ＡＣＲ的肾组织中，ＩＬ－２Ｒ阳性细胞仅轻度增加，当移植肾出现ＡＣＲ时，ＩＬ－２Ｒ阳性细胞数的增加十分显著，并与间质浸润的ＣＤ８密切相关。作者认为ＩＬ－２Ｒ对于ＡＣＲ的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Human chronic kidney allograft rejection is accompanied by increased intraglomerular cathepsin B and L activity

Abstract The major reason for late graft losses is chronic rejection. Recently, a large number of studies have indicated that proteolytic enzymes play an important role as mediators of glomerular injury. The cysteine proteinases cathepsins B and L degrade structural matrix proteins such as type I collagen and laminin. We investigated intraglomerular protease activities in 12 patients after kidney graftectomy because of end-tage renal disease following chronic rejection. A group of 12 patients undergoing nephrectomy because of cancer served as controls using only non-involved parts of the kidney. The activities of cathepsins B and L in homogenates of isolated glomeruli were measured fluorometrically methylcoumarylamidc substrates and related to DNA content. In rejected kidney allografts we observed significantly enhanced intraglomerular cathepsin B activity and cathepsin B + L activity.     

Nephrectomy during operative management of retroperitoneal sarcoma

Background: Complete resection of a retroperitoneal sarcoma often requires removal of adjacent organs. In this study we evaluated the role of nephrectomy during operation for retroperitoneal sarcoma. Methods: Between July 1982 and July 1995, 75 of the 371 (20%) patients who underwent resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma at MSKCC underwent concommitant nephrectomy. Data concerning the reasons for nephrectomy, degree of sarcomatous renal involvement, and survival were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Fifty-four patients (72%) underwent nephrectomy during the initial resection, and 21 (28%) during a resection of a recurrent or persistent tumor. The most common reason for nephrectomy was total encasement by sarcoma (n=40; 53%), followed by dense adherence of the tumor to the kidney (n=21; 28%), and the direct invasion of the kidney by tumor (n=2; 3%). Pathology demonstrated an absence of kidney invasion in the majority of cases (55 of 75; 73%). Renal capsular invasion was present in 11 of 75 (15%), renal parenchymal invasion in 7 of 75 (9%), and renal vein invasion in 2 of 75 (3%) of cases. There were no significant differences in survival based on degree of sarcoma involvement of the kidney, tumor grade, or whether the resection was for primary or recurrent disease. The 53 patients who underwent a complete gross resection of all tumor had a significantly improved long-term survival compared to the 20 patients who did not (50% versus 20% DFS at 5 years, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusions: Decisions for concomitant nephrectomy during resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma should be based on whether this maneuver will provide a complete resection of all gross tumor, in which case the long-term disease-free survival of 50% is comparable to the reported 5-year survival of all patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma who are completely resected. Presented at the 49th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, March 21–24, 1996.     

手辅助腹腔镜取肾的实验研究

目的　探索和运用手辅助腹腔镜技术切除供肾并行肾移植术 ,了解该方法的优缺点及临床应用的可行性。方法　用成年狗作动物实验进行手辅助腹腔镜供肾切除术并移植 ,观察并记录手术时间 ,供肾热缺血时间 ,移植肾功能恢复情况及供者的康复情况等。结果　实验狗术后均存活 ,供肾切除手术时间平均 13 2min ;肾热缺血时间平均 83s ,移植肾再灌注后排尿时间平均 74s。结论　手辅助腹腔镜活体供肾切除术易于掌握 ;手术时间短 ;供肾热缺血时间短 ,质量好 ;供肾者手术创伤小 ,术后恢复快 ;是临床值得推广应用的一种活体供肾切除方法