东南亚常见害鼠种类及其检索

目的了解越南、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾等东南亚常见害鼠的种类及其检索要点。方法根据文献资料,介绍东南亚国家常见害鼠的种类,并描述我国尚无分布的种类的形态学特征。结果东南亚常见害鼠有26种,分别属于小家鼠属、大鼠属、板齿鼠属、小竹鼠属、竹鼠属、青毛鼠属和地鼠属,其中7种在我国无分布。结论鉴定检索表可供专业人员现场初步鉴定参考。     

原钒酸钠对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的糖耐量的影响

目的研究原钒酸钠对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的糖耐量的影响。方法建立四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型,对正常大鼠及糖尿病大鼠给予原钒酸钠治疗7天后,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定大鼠的血糖值、糖耐量,并以放射免疫法测定血清胰岛素值。结果原钒酸钠能显著对抗由四氧嘧啶诱导的大鼠血糖值升高,并改善糖耐量;对正常大鼠的血糖值和血清胰岛素值无影响。结论原钒酸钠对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠有明显的改善糖耐量作用,且这种改善作用与血清胰岛素含量无关。     

Myocardial bridging increases the risk of coronary spasm

BACKGROUND: Myocardial bridging (MB) has been associated with cardiac events. Whether coronary spasm is one factor contributing to those events is unknown. HYPOTHESIS: This study investigated whether the likelihood of coronary spasm is increased in patients with MB. METHODS: A spasm-provocation test was performed by infusing acetylcholine into the left coronary artery in 114 Japanese patients with chest pain. The test result was defined as positive when the diameter of the coronary artery was reduced by > or = 50% and ST-segment changes were documented. Myocardial bridging was defined as a > 15% reduction in coronary arterial diameter during systole after intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin. RESULTS: Myocardial bridging was identified in 41 patients (36%) and was located in the mid-segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in all patients. Patients with MB experienced coronary spasm more frequently than patients without MB (MB+: 73%; MB-: 40%, p = 0.0006). Furthermore, among patients with a positive spasm-provocation test, coronary spasm occurred more frequently in the mid-segment of the LAD in patients with MB than in those without MB (MB+: 73%; MB-: 45%, p = 0.0259). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that MB was a predictor of coronary spasm (odds ratio: 3.478, p = 0.0088). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MB increases the risk of coronary spasm and that coronary spasm may be the proximate etiology of cardiac events associated with MB.     

Combined Efficacy of Acamprosate and Disulfiram in the Treatment of Alcoholism: A Controlled Study

This study presents the results of a multicenter investigation of the efficacy of acamprosate in the treatment of patients with chronic or episodic alcohol dependence. One hundred eighteen patients were randomly assigned to either placebo or acamprosate, and both groups were stratified for concomitant voluntary use of disulfiram. Treatment lasted for 380 days, with an additional 360-day follow-up period. The primary efficacy parameters evaluated were: relapse rate and cumulative abstinence duration (CAD). Results were analyzed according to Intention-To-Treat principles using χ², t , and multiple regression analyses where appropriate. After 30 days on study medication, 40 of 55 (73%) acamprosate-treated patients were abstinent, compared with 26 of 55 (43%) placebo-treated patients ( p = 0.019). The treatment advantage remained throughout the study medication period and was statistically significant until day 270 ( p = 0.028). Twenty-seven percent of patients on acamprosate and 53% of patients on placebo had a first drink within the first 30 days of the study. The mean CAD was 137 days (40% abstinent days) for the patients treated with acamprosate and 75 days (21% abstinent days) for the placebo group ( p = 0.013). No adverse interaction between acamprosate and disulfiram occurred, and the subgroup who received both medications had a better outcome on CAD than the those on only one or no medication. Acamprosate was well tolerated. Diarrhea was the only significant treatment-induced effect. It was concluded that acamprosate was a useful and safe pharmacotherapy in the long-term treatment of alcoholism. Concomitant administration of disulfiram improved the effectiveness of acamprosate.     

Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease: Is There Evidence for a Preventive Effect?

It is well-known that the intake of large quantities of alcohol is hazardous to the health. During the last few decades, moderate alcohol consumption has been claimed to have a protective effect in the cardiovascular system. For this study, literature search and review on moderate alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease was performed. Data from ecological studies indicate that the consumption of wine, but not hard liquor or beer, are associated with a reduced mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Data from case-referent studies indicate no beneficial effect at all, whereas data from prospective cohort studies indicate a beneficial effect from all types of alcohol. There are several interpretational problems involved in this issue. No results from interventional studies are available. In the absence of such data, less valid conclusions are drawn from other types of studies. The soundness of conclusions based on comparisons of moderate drinkers and abstainers in case-referent and cohort studies has been questioned, because abstainers may have a higher than normal incidence of cardiovascular disease due to self-selection. Several possible modes of action have been proposed. However, provided that there is a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption, there is no hard evidence that any of the proposed modes of action would be the sole one. Probably more than one mechanism is involved.     

Identifying and prioritizing industry-level competitiveness factors: evidence from pharmaceutical market

Background

Pharmaceutical industry is knowledge-intensive and highly globalized, in both developed and developing countries. On the other hand, if companies want to survive, they should be able to compete well in both domestic and international markets. The main purpose of this paper is therefore to develop and prioritize key factors affecting companies’ competitiveness in pharmaceutical industry. Based on an extensive literature review, a valid and reliable questionnaire was designed, which was later filled up by participants from the industry. To prioritize the key factors, we used the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).

Results

The results revealed that human capital and macro-level policies were two key factors placed at the highest rank in respect of their effects on the competitiveness considering the industry-level in pharmaceutical area.

Conclusion

This study provides fundamental evidence for policymakers and managers in pharma context to enable them formulating better polices to be proactively competitive and responsive to the markets’ needs.     

Delayed DNA Synthesis Induced by 3-Aminobenzamide in Partially Hepatectomized Liver of Rats

The possibility of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation playing a role during liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy (PH) in vivo was examined. When rats were given an i.p. injection of 3-antinobenzamide (ABA) at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight 12 h after PH, the levels of DNA synthesis at 20 h after PH were significantly reduced. The time course of DNA synthesis in regenerating liver was significantly delayed in the ABA-treated group. Enzymatic assay revealed the activity of poly-(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PADPRP) in controls to be increased in parallel with the increase of DNA synthesis induced by PH. This increase in PADPRP activity was delayed and very much weaker after ABA treatment. The results thus suggested that poly (AUP-ribosyl)ation might play an important role in DNA synthesis during liver regeneration in vivo.     

老年甲状腺功能亢进患者情绪障碍和生活质量调查

目的 对老年甲状腺功能亢进患者情绪障碍及生活质量进行调查,并分析影响其生活质量的因素。方法 选择2022年1月至2023年4月湖北文理学院附属医院襄阳市中心医院收治的134例老年甲状腺功能亢进患者。并对其进行甲状腺激素水平检测和问卷调查,包括基础资料、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及简明生活质量量表(SF-36)。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验及方差分析。采用Pearson相关性分析患者情绪障碍与生活质量的相关性;采用多因素logistic回归分析老年甲状腺功能亢进患者生活质量的影响因素。结果 本次老年甲状腺功能亢进患者SAS得分为(52.97±4.33)分,SDS得分为(54.89±4.68)分,生活质量得分为(65.25±6.39)分。不同受教育程度、居住方式、家庭人均月收入、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平的老年甲状腺功能亢进患者生活质量得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,老年甲状腺功能亢进患者生活质量得分与SAS、SDS得分均呈负相关性(r=-0.403、-0.361;均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、FT3和FT4水平以及SAS和SDS得分是老年甲状腺功能亢进患者生活质量的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年甲状腺功能亢进患者容易发生情绪障碍,生活质量较低,而受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、FT3和FT4水平以及情绪障碍均是影响其生活质量的重要因素。     

降钙素基因相关肽通过抑制Nod样受体蛋白3表达促进小鼠成骨细胞分化的研究

目的 研究降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）作用下相关炎症体和信号因子的表达变化,探讨CGRP对成骨细胞分化的作用机制。方法 将不同浓度的CGRP（0、10、30、100 ng•mL-1）加入到成骨细胞中,采用实时聚合酶链反应技术检测细胞内Nod样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）mRNA的表达水平,蛋白质印迹法检测NLRP3的蛋白表达,酶联免疫吸附测定检测IL-1β的蛋白表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）含量,茜素红染色显示成骨细胞分化情况。结果 随着CGRP浓度的增加,NLRP3和IL-1β的蛋白表达及mRNA表达均呈降低趋势（P<0.05）,而且细胞内ROS浓度逐渐下降（P<0.05）。100 ng•mL-1CGRP实验组较0 ng•mL-1CGRP对照组显著促进成骨细胞分化。结论 CGRP在一定条件下,可通过抑制细胞内炎症因子的表达促进成骨细胞分化。     

套式序列特异引物聚合酶链反应技术的建立及其在HLA配型中的应用

磁式序列特异引物聚合酶链反应方法，用于ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ基因分型。利用一对外引物扩增ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１第２外显子部分片段，作为第２次扩增的模板，ＰＣＲ循环参数；