Advancing infection control in dental care settings: Factors associated with dentists' implementation of guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Background and OverviewThe authors set out to identify factors associated with implementation by U.S. dentists of four practices first recommended in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings—2003.MethodsIn 2008, the authors surveyed a stratified random sample of 6,825 U.S. dentists. The response rate was 49 percent. The authors gathered data regarding dentists' demographic and practice characteristics, attitudes toward infection control, sources of instruction regarding the guidelines and knowledge about the need to use sterile water for surgical procedures. Then they assessed the impact of those factors on the implementation of four recommendations: having an infection control coordinator, maintaining dental unit water quality, documenting percutaneous injuries and using safer medical devices, such as safer syringes and scalpels. The authors conducted bivariate analyses and proportional odds modeling.ResultsResponding dentists in 34 percent of practices had implemented none or one of the four recommendations, 40 percent had implemented two of the recommendations and 26 percent had implemented three or four of the recommendations. The likelihood of implementation was higher among dentists who acknowledged the importance of infection control, had practiced dentistry for less than 30 years, had received more continuing dental education credits in infection control, correctly identified more surgical procedures that require the use of sterile water, worked in larger practices and had at least three sources of instruction regarding the guidelines. Dentists with practices in the South Atlantic, Middle Atlantic or East South Central U.S. Census divisions were less likely to have complied.ConclusionsImplementation of the four recommendations varied among U.S. dentists. Strategies targeted at raising awareness of the importance of infection control, increasing continuing education requirements and developing multiple modes of instruction may increase implementation of current and future Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.The authors thank Jon Ruesch, who when this study was conducted was the director, Survey Center, American Dental Association, Chicago, for his effort in the collection of the data for this research project. Mr. Ruesch is now retired.     

期刊审稿人的科研能力对创新效能感的影响研究

目的：探讨期刊审稿人的科研能力对创新效能感的影响,为期刊遴选优秀审稿人提供参考。方法：以《护理学报》为例,选取188名期刊审稿人为调查对象,采用科研能力自评量表及创新效能感量表,利用网络发放的方式进行调查。结果：期刊审稿人科研能力得分指标为79.47%,总分为（95.36±17.39）分;创新效能感得分指标为78.75%,总分为（31.50±5.11）分。期刊审稿人科研能力与创新效能感呈正相关（r =0.507,P＜0.001）。问题发现能力、科研设计能力、科研实践能力对创新效能感均有预测作用（P＜0.05）。结论：期刊审稿人的科研能力水平越高,其创新效能感越高。通过提升其问题发现能力、科研设计能力、科研实践能力可提高其创新效能感,提高审稿水平,确保审稿质量,更好地为读者与作者服务。     

Peer reviewing in foot and ankle surgery: is there a limit to scientific altruism?

IntroductionComplex foot and ankle trauma surgery is a super-specialization of orthopedic trauma surgery. This topic is gaining in interest, both clinically and in research. The peer review process is the cornerstone of the current scientific model of evaluation of research papers. The burden of peer review activity in foot and ankle trauma surgery is currently unknown.Material and methodA comprehensive Microsoft Outlook® analysis of over seven years’ worth of review invites from one surgical Foot & Ankle specialist working at a Level-1 trauma center was evaluated. The topic of each paper was recorded. Whether or not the journal was specifically foot ankle, orthopedic, general medicine or predatory of origin was noted. In addition, it was recorded if the journal was indexed in Pubmed, Medline, or Scopus. The topic of the paper was scored as being foot and ankle related, and more specifically foot and ankle trauma related. Review of revisions were scored as invites as well.ResultsFrom January 2013 to December 2019 a total of 467 review invites were received. The number of peer review invitations rose from 14 in 2013 to 127 in 2019. The percentage of foot and ankle specific journals was 27.4%. The number of requests from non-indexed (predatory) journals rose from 3.7% in 2014 to 36.2% in 2019, with a decrease in article topics related to the authors subspecialty. The annual absolute number of performed reviews stayed approximately the same throughout the study period (34 on average in the last 5 years).ConclusionThe number of review requests in foot and ankle surgery has increased about 5-fold over the 5 year period evaluated. There is a need for more reviewers to spread the burden. Therefore, foot and ankle specialists who are prepared to publish, should also be prepared to provide peer reviews to maintain a high level of quality in foot and ankle research.     

栉风沐雨 春华秋实 中国尿控事业发展历程回顾——纪念《中华泌尿外科杂志》创刊40周年

尿控是泌尿外科学的重要分支学科,也是最为复杂的领域之一。我国尿控领域的科研与临床工作起步较晚、起点较低。近40年来,在全国泌尿界同仁的共同努力下,我国尿控领域在尿动力学、尿失禁、膀胱过度活动症、神经泌尿学、功能泌尿学、盆底功能障碍等领域有了飞速发展,取得了显著进步,但与国际水平相比仍存在一定差距。《中华泌尿外科杂志》一直伴随着中国尿控事业的发展,正值她创刊40周年之际,我们以检索到的杂志发表论文为循证依据展开综述,系统回顾我国尿控事业的发展历程,展示学科建设成果,以兹祝贺《中华泌尿外科杂志》40岁生日,并鞭策激励我国尿控工作者更加努力,共同推动我国尿控事业向更高水平发展。     

Effects of repeated Cr(VI) intratracheal instillation on club (Clara) cells and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B pathway via oxidative stress

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure is known to induce respiratory inflammation and contribute to lung cancer development, but little is known about its target cell type in lung. In the current study, we investigated the effects of repeated Cr(VI) intratracheal instillation on club (Clara) cells and club (Clara) cell secretory protein (CC16) in rats and explored whether the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) related pathway was involved. We also studied the role of orally delivered Zn against Cr-induced adverse health effects. For four weeks, sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats received weekly intratracheal instillation of potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) at 0, 0.063 and 0.630 mg Cr/kg with or without daily intragastric administration of zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) at 10 mg Zn/kg. Results showed that exposure to Cr(VI) significantly increased the organ coefficient of lung (organ weight as a percentage of body weight), albumin and total protein level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), indicating lung injury and compromised bronchoalveolar/blood barrier (BA/BB) integrity. With increasing Cr(VI) dose, the secretion of CC16 decreased in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that CC16 can serve as a peripheral biomarker for club cell damage during early lung injury induced by Cr(VI). Increased expression of NF-κB were observed in club cells in both Cr-exposed groups, indicating upregulation of NF-κB, which can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by club cells during Cr reduction with repetitive Cr(VI) exposure. Cr-induced DNA damage was also observed, as significant increase of 8-OHdG was found with Cr exposure at 0.630 mg/kg week. Oral Zn supplementation did not alleviate changes in serum CC16 level under Cr(VI) exposure, indicating its failure in protecting against Cr(VI)-induced club cell damage.     

国际会所模式对社区精神分裂症患者回归社会的影响

目的 探讨国际会所模式对社区精神分裂症患者回归社会的影响。方法 2007年4月以来在ICCD专家的指导下,按照会所36条准则,及ICCD的基本理念和操作技巧,为会员提供康复锻炼、社交锻炼、职前培训、文书培训、烹饪培训、健康生活培训、行政事务培训、个案辅导、过渡就业等服务。结论 社区精神分裂症的治疗最终目标是回归社会,国际会所模式成为目前社区精神分裂症治疗和康复的有效途径之一,为有效改善精神分裂症患者的心理健康和生活质量提供保障。     

环境与健康保护：从理论到行动的转化之路——“第六届环境与职业医学国际学术研讨会”纪要

＂第六届环境与职业医学国际学术研讨会暨《环境与职业医学》杂志创办30周年研讨会＂于2014年10月16—18日在上海市召开,会议的主题是＂环境与健康保护：从理论到行动＂。此次会议由上海市疾病预防控制中心、上海市预防医学研究院、上海市预防医学会、《环境与职业医学》杂志主办,复旦大学公共卫生学院、江苏省预防医学会、浙江省预防医学会协办。共有44位中外专家进行了报告,200余位参会者就＂环境相关疾病的预防与控制＂＂职业人群的健康保护＂＂环境与职业医学中的组学研究＂＂环境政策与公共卫生＂等内容展开讨论。本次会议收到中英文论文投稿近200篇,同时设置了壁报展示并评选出3份优秀壁报。在＂《环境与职业医学》编者、审者、作者交流会＂上,编委会成员和审稿专家共同回顾了杂志创办30年来的发展历程,为杂志的发展提出了缩短出版周期、提供增值服务、进入重要数据库等意见。本次会议的成功举办可望进一步加深加强上海与国际国内在相应领域的联系与合作,更好地促进环境与职业医学领域理论与实际的结合、基础与临床的整合、微观与宏观的融合,为环境健康研究注入新的活力。     

中文科技期刊英文编辑中“回译”应用——以《环境与职业医学》杂志为例

是国外科研人员了解中国科研成果最快捷的途径,英文摘要是否符合语法规范和准确传达原文信息直接影响文章的可读性和被引率。鉴于我国学术期刊英文摘要语言和编校质量较差的现状,本文探讨＂回译＂——一种在国际翻译实践中采用的方法,在中国科技期刊英文编辑中的应用,并通过《环境与职业医学》杂志编辑过程中的实例,分析回译的作用：查漏补缺,明确句子结构,提示表达差异,准确传达原文的信息,梳理中文表达。     

Uruguayan Cannabis Social Clubs: From activism to dispensaries?

BackgroundIn 2013 Uruguay regulated three models for the supply of cannabis for recreational use (Law 19.172), including Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs). According to the Cannabis Regulation and Control Institute, 110 CSCs are active at the time of writing.ObjectivesThis paper has a twofold goal. Firstly, it aims to take stock of how the CSC model has continued to be implemented in practice, drawing on the first-hand accounts of those involved in its management. Secondly, our analysis seeks to contribute to the understanding of the CSC model by considering the different variants of the model that have emerged in Uruguay.MethodologyOur analysis draws on qualitative research conducted in Uruguay between June and October of 2018. We conducted 15 semi-structured and face-to-face interviews with representatives of registered Uruguayan CSCs and with 13 other stakeholders.Results/conclusionsCSCs’ role as cannabis suppliers is perceived positively in terms of the type of cannabis produced and the means of distribution. We found that truly social CSCs co-exist with, and may be losing ground to, quasi-dispensary clubs. A number of factors may have contributed to this, including the Uruguayan regulatory framework, institutional context, and disengagement of members and/or CSC managers. This raises potential new challenges as to the contribution of the CSC model from a harm reduction perspective.     

食管心电生理对照动态心电图评估植物神经所致窦房结和房室结功能不全及其预后

目的：探讨食管心电生理及２４小时动态心电图评估植物神经致窦房结和房室结功能不全及其预后。方法：用食管心电生理检测阿托品用药前后各生理参数，对比２４小时动态心电图监测及远期随访。结果：５８例病态窦房结综合征患者依据心电生理及２４小时动态心电图表现分为３型：Ｉ型为窦房结功能抑制型；Ｉ型为房室传导功能减退型；ＩＩ型为双结病变型。ＩＩ型黑或晕厥发生率（７５％）明显高于其它类型。有症状者２４小时动态心电图平均间歇时间２．４２±０．２４秒，显著长于无症状者１．６８±０．１６秒（Ｐ＜０．０１），与窦房结恢复时间存在明显正相关（ｒ＝０．４２，Ｐ＜０．０５）。经４．２±１．２年远期随访，其中６例因病情需要安装永久型起搏器，其后生活质量明显改善，无一例发生持续严重房室传导阻滞。结论：迷走神经是影响窦房结、房室结功能的重要外源性因素，食管心电生理与２４小时动态心电图对病态窦房结综合征的评估具有重要临床价值；起搏治疗可明显改善病态窦房结综合征患者的生活质量，对远期预后影响不大；房室传导阻滞远期发生率小。