Identification of treatment strategies for Mycoplasma genitalium-related urethritis in male patients by culturing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Mycoplasma genitalium was first isolated from urethral swab specimens of male patients with non-gonococcal urethritis. However, the isolation of M. genitalium strains from clinical specimens has been difficult. Co-cultivation with Vero cells is one available technique for the isolation of M. genitalium. The strains that can be used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by broth dilution or agar dilution methods are limited. Macrolides, such as azithromycin (AZM), have the strongest activity against M. genitalium. However, AZM-resistant strains have emerged and spread. Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene contribute to the organism’s macrolide resistance, which is similar to the effects of the mutations in macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Of the fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin (MFLX) and sitafloxacin have the strongest activities against M. genitalium, while levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are not as effective. Some clinical trials on the treatment of M. genitalium-related urethritis are available in the literature. A doxycycline regimen was microbiologically inferior to an AZM regimen. For cases of treatment failure with AZM regimens, MFLX regimens were effective.     

山茱萸多糖的研究进展

山茱萸多糖是山茱萸中的一种主要活性成分之一,具有多种药理作用和生物活性功能,是目前的一个研究热点。笔者对山茱萸多糖的提取、分离纯化、化学结构及生物活性等多方面进行了综述,为山茱萸资源的深入开发起一定借鉴作用。     

长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中类凝血酶的分离纯化方法研究

目的:研究长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中类凝血酶的简单分离纯化方法。方法:采用DEAE-Sephadex A-25及Sephadex G-25层析的方法,比较二者对长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中类凝血酶简单分离纯化的效果。结果:从长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中分离出类凝血酶,SDS-PAGE电泳显示为一条带,分子量大约为35.5kDa,达到电泳纯。理化性质研究表明,此类凝血酶具有体外凝血活性,体外凝血酶比活力为12.57IU.mg-1,用N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐测得该酶的精氨酸酯酶比活力为137.65IU.mg-1。用蛋白酶抑制剂和乙二胺四乙酸对该酶进行抑制实验,结果表明该酶属于丝氨酸蛋白酶,而不是金属蛋白酶。结论:本方法可用于长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中类凝血酶的分离纯化。     

苦葫芦中有效成分的提取分离及降血糖作用研究

目的:提取、分离苦葫芦中的有效成分,并确定其降血糖作用。方法:依据中草药煎剂及天然药物化学的有关方法,用有机溶剂对苦葫芦进行分离;观察提取分离后得到的各组分对四氧嘧啶复制糖尿病模型小鼠血糖值的影响程度,将其作为筛选活性组分的指标,确定其活性降血糖组分。结果:以水和乙醇作为溶剂提取、经丙酮沉淀得到的物质为降血糖的活性组分,其分离得到的组分C降血糖作用极显著。结论:苦葫芦中含有天然降血糖活性成分。     

板蓝根醇提部位化学成分研究

目的:从板蓝根中分离化学成分。方法:板蓝根95%乙醇提取物经硅胶吸附,不同溶剂洗脱部分经硅胶柱层析反复分离纯化,测定所得化合物的理化常数和波谱数据,鉴定其化学结构。结果:从氯仿部位分得5个化合物,从正丁醇部位分得1个化合物,分别鉴定为:胆甾醇(Ⅰ)、靛蓝(Ⅱ)、靛玉红(Ⅲ)、对羟基苯甲醛(Ⅳ)、水杨酸(Ⅴ)、落叶松脂素-4,4′-2-O-β-D-二葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)。结论:化合物Ⅰ、Ⅳ为首次从板蓝根药材中分离,具有一定的参考价值。     

不同来源人树突状细胞的培养诱导及鉴定

目的通过对不同来源的人树突状细胞的体外培养与诱导,建立树突状细胞的稳定体系,为更进一步实验打好基础。方法分离人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),用不同树突状细胞亚群的特异性表面标记抗体磁珠分离树突状细胞前体,通过加入不同的刺激分子,分别诱导未成熟、成熟及活化等不同阶段的树突状细胞。结果与未成熟树突状细胞相比,成熟活化型树突状细胞表达HLA-DR、CD86以及CD40等共刺激分子明显升高,其中MoDC对成熟标记物CD83的表达水平亦较高。此外,两者在形态上也有明显的差异。结论通过对不同亚群树突状细胞的体外诱导、培养和鉴定,建立了较为成熟的研究树突状细胞的平台,为深入开展工作打下基础。     

天然药物——多糖的主要生物活性及分离纯化方法

多糖具有复杂的多方面的生物活性和功能。本文综述了多糖的抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎等方面的主要生物活性。多糖是大分子物质,且不同于蛋白质等大分子,它的分离纯化方法与手段有其特殊性,而通过分离纯化获得的均一的多糖组分又是进行结构分析、药理和构效关系等研究的首要条件。本文根据文献报道并结合本实验室的工作经验对多糖的各种分离纯化方法进行了介绍。     

Aggression-associated changes in murine olfactory tubercle bioamines

The relationship between changes in regional brain bioamine levels and the expression of intraspecies aggressive behavior was evaluated in two murine models. In one study, normal male mice were maintained either in aggregate (i.e., normal, intraspecies social behavioral controls) or isolated (i.e., developed, non-social intraspecies aggressive 'fighter' behavior) housing environments, and the accompanying changes in both olfactory tubercle (OT) and hypothalamic (HYPOTH), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) concentration indices quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analysis of behavior-related alterations in localized bioamine deposition loci. Intact mice which had been housed in isolation cages and which exhibited aggressive, intraspecies reflexive-biting ('fighter') behavior when introduced to a novel (stimulus) animal, exhibited significant (P<0.05) elevations in NE levels, and depressed DA concentrations, in the OT regions relative to aggregated controls, indicating an intrinsic social influence on the maintenance of basal adrenergic indices at this neural locus. No changes in 5-HT levels were indicated between control and aggressive, isolated 'fighter' groups in either OT or HYPOTH loci. In addition, the NE and DA levels in the HYPOTH samples of both control and aggressive groups were found to be comparable. In the second study, utilizing an alternate type of aggression-induced murine model, changes in bioamine parameters were determined from samples obtained from aggregated, olfactory-bulbectomized (Obx) mice which are recognized to exhibit an overt, intraspecies, reflexive-biting behavior as compared to sham-operated (control) mice housed under identical conditions. In these studies, Obx-mice exhibited a significant increase in 5-HT levels in the OT relative to sham-operated controls, but similar NE and DA concentrations. In addition, all hypothalamic bioamine indices were found to be comparable between control and Obx groups. These data, collected for both isolation-developed, and experimentally-induced (i.e., OBX), intraspecies aggressive models, indicate that the distinctive types of aggressive behaviors displayed by these two murine models are accompanied by specific alterations in regional bioamine levels within the OT of these groups, relative to controls. These data suggest that the specific type of overt aggressive behavior demonstrated by these models may be causally related to the identified changes in bioamine concentrations in the forebrain regions of the CNS, in loci recognized to participate in environmental recognition and social processing activities.     

深圳市环境非结核分枝杆菌的初步调查

目的了解深圳市非结核分枝杆菌主要分布情况。方法采集深圳市的几家大的市属医院和各区人民医院的处理前后污水以及医院候诊室、病房、输液宣的空调过滤网灰尘，另外采集各区有代表性的居民生活区明沟污水和各区农贸市场的污水（特别是肉类、禽类、鱼类摊挡的污水），进行非结核分枝杆菌培养。结果各样本培养的阳性率，医院污水处理前为87．5％、处理后为37．5％、医院空调为6．3％、农贸市场污水为54．5％、居民区生活污水为70．3％、沫浴场海水为25％、生态区海水为0、沙滩沙为0、宾馆喷泉为12.5％、生活区水景池水为0、居民游泳池水为0、山泉水、井水为0。结论环境非结核分枝杆茵在医院污水、居民区明沟污水、农贸菜场污水存在较多，应引起重视，以便采取有效措施，保护人群的身体健康。     

乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌临床分离与耐药性的7年监测

目的了解1998~2004年乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌在临床标本中的分离情况及其耐药趋势,为临床感染的预防和治疗提供参考资料。方法回顾分析1998~2004年间所有标本中乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌的分离率,菌株在标本和病区的分布以及对14种抗菌药物的耐药率。结果乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌的分离率有逐年升高的趋势,从1998年的0.18%增至2004年的1.48%;其在呼吸道标本的分离率最高(70.58%),其次是尿液(9.42%)、血液(4.63%);病区分布以重症监护室最高(47.28%),乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌对14种抗菌药物的耐药率,1998年仅有氨曲南>50%,而到2004年仅头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率<50%,其他13种均>50%;其耐药率均呈递增的趋势,耐药性增幅列前3位分别为:头孢他啶11.1%~88.9%、亚胺培南0~64.8%、复方新诺明0~64.0%。结论乙酸钙-鲍氏不动杆菌的临床分离率在增加,其对多数抗菌药物有较高的耐药性,且耐药率呈逐年上升趋势,尤其是对亚胺培南耐药率的快速增长,应引起临床抗感染治疗的高度重视。