络泰及KMG对离体豚鼠心脏的影响

目的：观察络泰及ＫＭＧ对脑垂体后叶素所致离体豚鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。方法：采用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｆ法进行研究。结果：络泰及ＫＭＧ可拮抗脑垂体后叶素所致冠脉流量及心肌收缩力减少（Ｐ＜００５,００１）,呈剂量依赖趋势,高剂量组略能增加冠脉流量。结论：络泰及ＫＭＧ对脑垂体后叶素所致心肌缺血有一定防治作用。     

三维斑点追踪成像对高血压患者左心室心肌应变能力的评价

目的：探讨三维斑点追踪成像技术（3D-STI）对静息状态下高血压患者心肌收缩功能异常的评判价值.方法：选取高血压患者38例,正常健康对照组33例,采集实时左心室全容积图像,应用3D-STI软件进行分析,得出左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室纵向收缩期峰值应变值、左心室面积收缩期峰值应变值;比较两组之间各应变指标的差异,分析3D-STI对高血压患者左心室心肌应变特征评价的可行性.结果：高血压组左心室纵向及面积收缩期峰值应变值较对照组减低（P＜0.05）,对照组左室纵向收缩期峰值应变从基底段至心尖段呈逐渐增大趋势;Pearson相关分析表明,高血压组左室整体纵向、面积收缩期峰值应变与LVEF相关（1=0.758,P1=0.000;r2 =0.567,P2=0.000）.结论：3D-STI可通过测量心肌应变值,客观地评价高血压患者左心室收缩功能.     

诱生型一氧化氮合酶在肺移植大鼠肺血管功能改变中的作用

目的 观察肺移植大鼠再灌注早期肺血管功能的改变,探讨诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在肺移植大鼠肺血管功能改变中的作用.方法 雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠40只,取15只作为移植供体鼠.余下25只分为2组:对照组(10只),仅作左侧开关胸处理;移植组(15只),采用改良三袖套法建立大鼠左肺原位移植模型,肺移植完成,再灌注2 h后处死大鼠,取左肺组织检测毛细血管通透性指标[肺组织湿干比(w/D)和肺内伊文思蓝]、氧化应激指标[丙二醛(MDA)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)],同时检测iNOS及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)水平.另外取大鼠肺动脉,制备离体肺动脉环,再细分为内皮完整组(移植E+、对照E+亚组)和去内皮化组(移植E-、对照E-亚组),采用乙酰胆碱的累积舒张反应曲线法测试血管环舒张功能改变,采用去氧肾上腺素的累积收缩反应曲线法测试收血管环缩功能的改变;并以非选择性一氧化氮合酶抑制剂(L-NAME,300μmol/L)和选择性iNOS抑制剂(L-NIL,10 μmol/L)孵育血管20 min,比较上述两种抑制剂对离体肺动脉血管环收缩和舒张功能的影响.结果 移植组的W/D及伊文思蓝水平分别为5.18±0.45及(36.51±5.07)μg/mL,均显著高于对照组的4.33±0.41及(26.01±4.59)μg/mL(P值均＜0.05).移植组的MDA、MPO含量及iNOS活性均显著高于对照组(P值均＜0.05),eNOS活性显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,移植组血管的收缩、舒张功能均显著降低(P值均＜0.05).与对照E十亚组比较,对照E一亚组的血管收缩反应显著增强(P值均＜0.05);移植E+亚组与移植E-亚组的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).与对照组比较,对照组+L-NAME预处理的血管的收缩反应显著增强(P值均＜0.05);与移植组比较,移植组+L-NAME预处理的血管的收缩反应显著增强(P值均＜0.05);移植组+L-NAME预处理的血管收缩反应与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).与移植组比较,移植组+L-NIL预处理的血管的收缩功能显著增强(P值均＜0.05);对照组+L-NIL预处理的血管收缩反应与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);移植组+L-NIL预处理的血管收缩反应与对照组的差异亦无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 移植肺再灌注早期氧化应激损伤加重,肺毛细血管通透性增加;肺动脉的收缩和舒张功能均有不同程度的损伤.移植肺再灌注早期上述两方面改变的机制可能与肺内iNOS活性的异常增加及eNOS活性的降低有关.     

单纯收缩期高血压患者胰岛素样生长因子-1与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨单纯收缩期高血压患者胰岛素样生长因子-1（ICF-1）及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法单纯收缩期高血压患者102例为高血压组,健康体检者50例为对照组,分别检测血清胰岛素样生长因子-1、血糖、胰岛素、血压及血脂水平,并做统计学分析。结果与对照组相比,高血压组患者血清IGF-1及血压水平明显升高,胰岛素抵抗明显,IGF—1水平与胰岛素敏感指数（IsI）呈负相关。结论单纯收缩期高血压患者胰岛素样生长因子-1升高,IGF-1水平与IsI呈负相关。     

Isolated main pancreatic duct injuries spectrum and management

BACKGROUND: We present our experience with the rare injury of isolated major pancreatic duct disruption. METHODS: From 1997 to 2003, 3 females and 13 males whose age ranged from 4 to 46 years were identified. Stabs caused 2 and blunt trauma 14 injuries. Nine presented acutely. Delay occurred in 7 patients, 6 with pseudocysts and 1 with infected pancreatic necrosis. RESULTS: Nine cases were managed in the acute phase: 6 by splenic-preserving distal pancreatectomy and 2 by distal pancreatico-enteric anastomosis; 1 was drained. A small pseudocyst and transient pancreatic fistula were the only complications. The 6 cases with pseudocysts were managed endoscopically. Five were stented and 1 was drained without stent. Four had resolution. Two had stent cyst migration. One required a pancreaticojejunostomy and another distal pancreatectomy. One patient died of infected pancreatic necrosis. Long-term outcome could not be assessed. CONCLUSION: In the acute situation, resection or distal pancreatico-enteric anastomoses are attainable with low morbidity. Endoscopic pseudocyst management options are feasible, with good short-term resolution. Giant cysts may be better managed operatively.     

前胡丙素与硝苯啶对大鼠工作心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

大鼠ip前胡丙素(Pra-C 15 mg/kg,bid×3d)和硝苯啶(Nif 60μg/kg,bid×3d),使离体缺血再灌注工作心脏的收缩(AP,LVSP,+dP/dt_max)舒张(-dP/dt_max LVEDP和T值)性能在35min时得到改善,尤以舒张性能改善明显,并能促进CO,CF,SV及HR恢复,改善心脏工作效率,减少CK释放和心肌线粒体钙含量,表明Pra-C和Nif对心肌缺血都有保护作用,Pra-C的效应与Nif相近。     

Body Fluid Variations and Endogenous Digitalis-Like Compounds During Chronic NaCl Loading in Wistar Rats

Circulating digitalis-like compounds have been proposed to be raised in volume expanded hypertension and to participate in Na⁺ homeostasis. We have investigated the temporal relationships between the activity of these circulating digitalis-like compounds, blood pressure and body fluid volume variations during a chronic NaCl load in the Wistar rat.

Characteristics of salt-loaded rats were compared to those of weight-matched controls. At one week, when extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) was elevated, the capacity of plasma extracts to inhibit the Na⁺K⁺ATPase activity begun to rise. At two weeks, ECFV remained elevated, and plasma volume, blood pressure and the activity of plasma digitalis-like compounds increased. After 13 weeks, the continuous rise in plasma digitalis-like activity and in blood pressure was accompanied by the return of body fluid volumes towards control values. These changes in plasma digitalis-like activity, body fluid volumes, and systolic blood pressure during a high NaCl diet are compatible with the proposed role of circulating digitalis-like compounds as natriuretic and hypertensive factors.     

Hypertension and Ageing

Hypertension is a common problem in the elderly with a prevalence approaching or exceeding 50%. The risk of cardiovascular disease and death is increased in elderly hypertensives aged 60–74 years, whereas this increased risk seems to be diminished or even nonexistent in those aged 75 and above. Hypotensive drug treatment has been shown to be beneficial for the younger elderly patients, but whether or not this is also true for the older elderly hypertensives is less clear. Isolated systolic hypertension increases the cardiovascular risk, but we lack data on the efficacy of treatment in this group.