低分子肝素辅治收缩性心力衰竭临床观察

目的探讨低分子肝素对收缩性心力衰竭患者心功能、凝血功能的影响。方法将62例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各31例。对照组给予强心、利尿、扩血管、β-受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、醛固酮受体拮抗剂等常规治疗;治疗组在此基础上加用低分子肝素5000U皮下注射,每天2次,共15d。2周后检查心脏超声,评估心功能,测定血浆D-二聚体(D-dimer)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平。结果 2组治疗后左室舒张末径(LVEDd)水平明显降低,左室射血分数(LVEF)水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组治疗后LVEDd、LVEF水平改善明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组血浆D-dimer、FIB水平均低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论低分予肝素辅治既能降低收缩性心力衰竭患者血浆D-dimer、FIB水平,又可改善其心脏功能,有益于收缩性心力衰竭的治疗。     

益心酮软胶囊联合硝苯地平控释片治疗冠心病心绞痛的疗效观察

目的研究益心酮软胶囊联合硝苯地平控释片治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法选取2012年6月—2017年6月天津市第三中心医院分院收治的冠心病心绞痛患者100例为研究对象,将所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组患者口服硝苯地平控释片,1片/次,1次/d。治疗组患者在对照组治疗的基础上口服益心酮软胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。7d为1个疗程,两组患者均持续治疗4个疗程。观察两组的临床疗效和心电图疗效,比较两组的临床症状、左室收缩功能。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的临床疗效总有效率分别为82.00%、94.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,对照组和治疗组的心电图疗效总有效率分别为78.00%、94.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心绞痛持续时间和发作次数显著低于治疗前,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组心绞痛持续时间和发作次数明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者每搏射血量(SV)、心脏指数(CI)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)均显著高于治疗前,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组左室收缩功能指标显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论益心酮软胶囊联合硝苯地平控释片治疗冠心病心绞痛具有较好的临床疗效,能改善临床症状、心电图情况和左室收缩功能,安全性较高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

速度向量成像观察双腔起搏前后右心室运动状态

目的探讨速度向量成像(VVI)技术分析双腔(DDD)起搏前后右心室心肌运动位移的变化规律,初步探讨VVI技术在评价右心室运动方面的应用价值。方法 23例DDD起搏患者术前术后均采用VVI技术检测右心室室壁各节段心肌收缩期纵向运动位移,并比较术前术后之差异。结果术前术后右心室各室壁不同节段心肌收缩峰值位移表现为从基底段到心尖段依次降低,其中基底段与心尖段的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与术前相比,术后后间隔、游离壁及右心室整体位移较术前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 DDD起搏后右心室心肌运动位移较术前明显降低;VVI可精确测量DDD起搏前后右心室心肌位移的程度,从而客观反映右心室之运动状态,进而判断右心室之功能。     

Fetal stroke and cerebrovascular disease: Advances in understanding from lenticulostriate and venous imaging,alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic twins

Fetal stroke is an important cause of cerebral palsy but is difficult to diagnose unless imaging is undertaken in pregnancies at risk because of known maternal or fetal disorders. Fetal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging may show haemorrhage or ischaemic lesions including multicystic encephalomalacia and focal porencephaly. Serial imaging has shown the development of malformations including schizencephaly and polymicrogyra after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Recognised causes of haemorrhagic fetal stroke include alloimmune and autoimmune thrombocytopaenia, maternal and fetal clotting disorders and trauma but these are relatively rare. It is likely that a significant proportion of periventricular and intraventricular haemorrhages are of venous origin. Recent evidence highlights the importance of arterial endothelial dysfunction, rather than thrombocytopaenia, in the intraparenchymal haemorrhage of alloimmune thrombocytopaenia. In the context of placental anastomoses, monochorionic diamniotic twins are at risk of twin twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), or partial forms including Twin Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Sequence (TOPS), differences in estimated weight (selective Intrauterine growth Retardation; sIUGR), or in fetal haemoglobin (Twin Anaemia Polycythaemia Sequence; TAPS). There is a very wide range of ischaemic and haemorrhagic injury in a focal as well as a global distribution. Acute twin twin transfusion may account for intraventricular haemorrhage in recipients and periventricular leukomalacia in donors but there are additional risk factors for focal embolism and cerebrovascular disease. The recipient has circulatory overload, with effects on systemic and pulmonary circulations which probably lead to systemic and pulmonary hypertension and even right ventricular outflow tract obstruction as well as the polycythaemia which is a risk factor for thrombosis and vasculopathy. The donor is hypovolaemic and has a reticulocytosis in response to the anaemia while maternal hypertension and diabetes may influence stroke risk. Understanding of the mechanisms, including the role of vasculopathy, in well studied conditions such as alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic diamniotic twinning may lead to reduction of the burden of antenatally sustained cerebral palsy.     

中医药治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压临床疗效的Meta分析

目的:评价老年单纯收缩期高血压的中医药治疗效果。方法:检索中国数字医院图书馆全文数据库(CNKI),中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM),中文科技期刊数据库(VIP),及万方数据医药信息系统中单用中医中药或中医中药联合西药与单用相同西药对照治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压的随机对照试验或半随机对照试验,并以Revman4.2软件做Meta分析。结果:纳入17篇文献,其中4篇为B级,余为C级。Meta分析结果表明,中医中药在治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压的总体疗效(OR=2.63;95%CI(1.99,3.47);P<0.00001)与减轻患者症状(OR=4.55;95%CI(2.79,7.42);P<0.00001)方面均与单用西药组有非常显著差异,对脉压的降低作用也优于单用西医西药(WMD=-8.34;95%CI(-16.23,-0.45);P=0.04)。结论:中医中药在治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压并减轻症状、降低脉压方面有一定疗效。     

Autonomic nervous system mediates the cardiovascular effects of Rhodiola sacra radix in rats

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rhodiola sacra (Crassulaceae) exhibits cardiovascular bioactivities and is used in Tibetan medicine for promoting circulation and preventing hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms of its cardiovascular effects are poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the cardiovascular activity of water-soluble fraction (WtF) and n-butanol-soluble fraction (BtF) of Rhodiola sacra radix and to explore its mechanism of action in propofol anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The changes of blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac contractility after systemic administration of the extracts (10-75mg/kg) were examined for at least 40min. Different antagonists were used to evaluate the mechanisms of cardiovascular effects of the extracts. RESULTS: Intravenous injection of the WtF (10, 25, 35, 50 or 75mg/kg) exhibited dose-dependent hypotension and increases in heart rate and cardiac contractility. In contrast, mild alterations in the same cardiovascular parameters were detected only at high dose (75mg/kg) BtF. The WtF-induced hypotensive, positive inotropic and chronotropic effects were significantly abolished by pretreatment with hexamethonium (30mg/kg, i.v.) or reserpine (5mg/kg, i.v.), whereas the hypotensive, but not the positive inotropic or chronotropic effect was potentiated by captopril (2.5mg/kg, i.v.). Pretreatment with methylatropine (1mg/kg, i.v.), on the other hand, reversed the positive inotropic and chronotropic but not the hypotensive effects of WtF. The WtF-induced cardiovascular responses were not affected in rats pretreated with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (20mg/kg, i.v.). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that systemic administration of the WtF of Rhodiola sacra radix elicited a potent hypotensive effect that was mediated by the withdrawal of sympathetic vasomotor tone and interaction with the circulatory angiotensin system. The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of WtF may result from a direct vagal inhibition on the heart.     

Temporal effect of Guanxin No. 2 on cardiac function, blood viscosity and angiogenesis in rats after long-term occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery

AIM: Cardiac infarction is one of the main causes of death in both developing and developed countries over past decades. Currently available approaches for treating patients with this disease are not satisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicines have been increasingly paid attention to. The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamic protective effects of Guanxin No. 2 decoction (GX II) on cardiac dysfunction combined with the blood viscosity and myocardial hypertrophy parameters in myocardial infarction (MI) rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, coronary artery ligation (CAL), and CAL plus GX II (GX II, 10.0 g raw materials/kg/d, bid, p.o.). The experiment was carried out at 4 time points as the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th day after ligation. RESULT: It was found that on the one hand, GX II could significantly improve the heart function, and remarkably decrease infarct size and inhibit ventricular remodeling. On the other hand, GX II showed some unique effects such as angiogenesis which was induced in the left ventricular tissue. This result was consistent with the finding of an augmented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in this area. CONCLUSIONS: The studies demonstrated that GX II exerted extensively beneficial cardioprotective effect on CAL rats, it might stimulate angiogenesis of ischemic region to compensate blood supply to the heart via upregulated VEGF expression.     

单纯收缩期高血压患者心率变异性与颈动脉内膜厚度相关性研究

目的:探讨单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)患者心率变异性(HRV)与颈动脉内膜厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法:选取164例轻中度高血压患者按血压特征分为单纯收缩期高血压(ISH,n=78)患者及双期高血压(DH,n=86)患者,采用动态心电分析系统分析HRV指数,采用颈动脉多谱勒超声检查IMT。比较两组间所测指标的差异性,并分析IMT与HRV各指标的相关性。结果:ISH组年龄、收缩压、脉压显著高于DH组而舒张压显著低于DH组(P<0.05),ISH组患者IMT显著高于DH组(P<0.05),HRV时域参数24h正常RR间期的标准差(SDNN),24h内5 min节段RR间期均值的标准差(SDANN),24h内5 min节段RR间期平均值标准差(SDNNindex),相邻RR间期差值的均方根(RMSSD)均显著低于DH组(P<0.05)。在ISH组患者中,校正年龄、脉压等影响后,IMT与SDNN(r=-0.29,P<0.01)、SDANN(r=-0.27,P<0.01)、SDNNindex(r=-0.32,P<0.01)、RMSSD(r=-0.35,P<0.01)呈负相关。在DH组患者中,IMI厚度与HRV各指标的相关系数无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:ISH患者具有IMT显著增高以及HRV显著降低的特点,且IMT与HRV密切相关。IMT与HRV可作为评价ISH患者心血管危险程度的重要指标,对其预后有重要意义。     

经导管室间隔缺损封堵术后左心室收缩功能近、中期变化

目的通过经胸超声心动图（TTE）评价室间隔缺损（VSD）封堵术后左心室收缩功能近、中期变化。方法对该院30例成功施行VSD封堵术治疗患者进行研究。所有患者术前3d内、术后3d、术后3月和术后6月分别进行TTE检查，测量左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左室每搏量（LVSV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）。结果VSD封堵术后LVEDD、LVEDV、LVESV和LVSV逐渐减少；LVEF和LVFS封堵术后3d、术后3个月和术后6个月较术前下降，而术后3个月、术后6个月与术后3d比较无明显差异。结论VSD封堵术后，伴随左室扩张得到纠正。代偿增强的左心室收缩功能逐渐恢复正常。     

实时三维超声心动图评价房间隔缺损不同手术方式的右室收缩功能变化

目的 应用实时三维超声心动图(real-time three dimensional echocardiography, RT-3DE)研究房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect, ASD)不同手术方式右室收缩功能的变化.方法 ASD患者按照不同手术方式分为外科手术组和封堵组;常规二维超声心动图检查后,使用RT-3DE采集患者的右室全容积数据库,分析右室舒张末容量(right ventricular end diastolic volume, RVEDV)和收缩末容量(right ventricular end systolic volume, RVESV)、计算右室射血分数(right ventricular ejection fraction, RVEF).比较术前、术后7 d、术后3个月的RVEDV、RVESV、RVEF值变化.结果 术后7 d,封堵组右室RVEDV、RVESV均较术前明显减小(P＜0.05),RVEF值与术前无显著差异;外科手术组右室RVEDV较术前明显减小(P＜0.05),但RVESV较术前无统计学差异,并且EF值较术前减低(P＜0.05).术后3个月两组的RVEF值均较术前明显增高(P＜0.05).结论 RT-3DE能简便、准确地确定右室容积并计算右室收缩功能;ASD患者外科手术组术后早期右室收缩功能较术前减低, 术后3个月恢复到正常水平,封堵组术后初期EF值即达正常水平.