γ -谷氨酰转移酶及同工酶对肝细胞癌变的监测作用

目的 探讨γ－谷氨酰转移酶（ＧＧＴ）异常表达在监测肝细胞癌变中的价值。方法 以２－乙酰氨基芴（２－ＦＡＡ）喂饲ＳＤ大鼠诱发肝癌,观察鼠肝细胞在癌变期间的病理组织学,酶组织化学,肝总ＲＮＡ水平,不同分子主同工酶的动态改变。结果 诱癌后随鼠肝组织学改变,肝ＧＧＴ过度表达,可溶性及膜结合性ＧＧＴ比活性均明显异常;肝总ＲＮＡ浓度与肝ＧＧＴ比活性或血清ＧＧＴ活笥均呈显著正相关;     

环氧化酶-2与前列腺癌研究进展

环氧化酶-2(COX-2)是花生四烯酸合成前列腺素的限速酶,在人类许多肿瘤中过表达。近年来研究表明,COX-2通过促进肿瘤细胞增殖、抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡、促进肿瘤血管生成以及降低机体免疫力等机制在前列腺癌变过程中发挥着重要作用。现就其研究新进展作一综述。     

Cytochemical and electrophoretic characterisation of alpha naphthyl acetate esterases (ANAE) in acute myeloblastic leukaemia

Summary The alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) cytochemical staining patterns were examined in 40 cases of acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML: FAB groups M1 and M2) classified by morphological and immunological criteria. The blast cells in most cases (62%) were ANAE-negative with the remainder showing diffuse, granular or focal reactions of varying intensity. The nature of cytoplasmic ANAE enzymes was further characterised in 20 cases by isoelectrophoretic analysis of ANAE isoenzymes. The results suggest that the presence of significant cytoplasmic ANAE reactivity in leukaemic myeloblasts is not due to the presence of monocyte-associated isoenzymes, in otherwise well-defined myeloblasts, but may reflect abnormally increased synthesis or atypical localisation of normally-occuring ANAE isoenzymes. In particular, the results of this study indicate the lack of discriminatory value of ANAE cytochemistry in the differentiation of AML from other acute leukaemias of non-monocytic type.     

胰胆管连接异常动物模型的胰型淀粉酶同工酶分析

目的 观察胰胆管连接异常(PBM)模型血清和胆汁胰型淀粉酶同工酶的变化。方法 采用十二指肠—胆囊吻合术建立猪PBM模型(n=4),收集手术前、手术后7d、14d、30d、60d血清及胆汁;采用胰管结扎法建立猪急性胰腺炎模型(n=2),取血清。应用不连续缓冲系统薄膜电泳法行酶谱分析。结果 IBM模型在实验第60d时的总胆管无明显扩张。术前血清中胰型淀粉酶同工酶仅出现P1、P2波峰;7d后出现异常的P3、P4、P5、P6波峰,无优势波峰。术后14d、30d、60d的血清胰型淀粉酶同工酶出现率与术后7d时相似,而P6略多见;术后血清胰型淀粉酶同工酶出现率和构成比与胆汁相似。急性胰腺炎组仅出现P1—P3波峰。结论 PBM动物模型的血清和胆汁中均存在异常的胰型淀粉酶同工酶,该异常与急性胰腺炎不同,具有特异性。     

尿大分子碱性磷酸酶在窒息新生儿肾损害早期诊断中的意义

目的:研究窒息新生儿肾损害时尿大分子碱性磷酸酶(HMAP)水平的变化及其在肾功能早期损害诊断中的意义。方法:利用抗HMAP的单克隆抗体,用ELISA方法检测69例窒息新生儿(包括轻度窒息39例和重度窒息30例)治疗前后及36例正常新生儿(对照组)尿HMAP的水平,并测定两组尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)的水平。结果:窒息组治疗前尿HMAP、β2-MG水平高于治疗后(t=17.01和9.56,P<0.001)和对照组(t=13.38和9.45,P<0.001),且重度窒息组高于轻度窒息组(t=2.48和2.14,P<0.05);窒息组尿HMAP、β2-MG的异常发生率(86.96%和69.57%)高于血清BUN、Cr的异常发生率(24.64%和46.38%)(χ2=7.61,P<0.01),尿HMAP的异常发生率高于β2-MG的异常发生率(χ2=6.13,P<0.05)。尿HMAP与β2-MG呈直线正相关(r=0.648,P<0.001)。结论:窒息新生儿普遍存在肾功能损害,尿HMAP能比β2-MG更灵敏地反映窒息后肾损害的程度,可作为监测窒息新生儿肾损害的早期诊断指标。     

Alterations in myocardial creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme-distribution in a model of left ventricular dysfunction

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate myocardial creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) systems in a model of epinephrine-induced cardiomyopathy in rabbits. Eight rabbits received four repetitive epinephrine infusions (300 mg/kg/60 min, i.v.) in 12-day intervals and eight untreated rabbits served as controls (CTRL). Echocardiography demonstrated a significant deterioration of LV function as well as increased LV-diameter and -mass index in catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy. Histological examination revealed that repetitive catecholamine infusion resulted in LV fibrous areas with collagenous content and an increase in myocyte width (16.9+/-0.8 microm vs. CTRL 12.9+/-0.9; P<0.05). LV dysfunction was associated with a decreased total LV lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH; 0.43+/-0.03 IU/mg protein vs. CTRL 0.52+/-0.04; P<0.05) whereas total creatinine kinase activity was unchanged (CK; 7.30+/-0.63 IU/mg protein vs. CTRL 9.20+/-0.49, n.s.). Furthermore, myocardial LDH isoenzymes were shifted with a decrease in LDH(1) and an increase in LDH2 and LDH3 (LDH(1): 84.90+/-2.60% vs. CTRL 94.50+/-0.40; LDH2: 7.30+/-1.20% vs. 1.50+/-0.13; LDH3: 5.40+/-0.90% vs. 3.20+/-0.25; all P<0.05). Foetal B-CK isoenzymes were significantly increased (CK-MB 5.30+/-0.66 vs. 2.20+/-0.35%; P<0.05). The current study demonstrates changes in cardiac energy metabolism including an impaired LDH activity with a shift towards anaerobic isoenzymes as well as a more efficient CK system in a model of catecholamine-induced LV dysfunction.     

血清甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶同工酶对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的研究血清甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶（grycylprolinedipeptidylaminopeptidase,GPDA）同工酶对PHC的诊断价值,提高早期PHC和AFP阴性PHC诊断水平。方法采用阶段梯度垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法进行血清GPDA同工酶分离检测,同步测定比较PHC患者血清GPDA同工酶与GPDA总活性（TGPDA）、AFP、肿瘤大小及ALT的关系。结果血清GPDA按其泳动速度可分为快带（GPDA-F）与慢带（GPDA-S）两种同工酶。PHC患者血清GPDA-F的阳性率为85.3%,而肝外肿瘤、转移性肝癌、肝炎后肝硬化、慢性肝炎中阳性率均较低,正常对照组以及良性肝占位全部阴性。GPDA-F阳性率在TGPDA活性增高组明显高于正常组（94.4%对75.0%）,GPDA-F与AFP及肿瘤大小无关系。良性肝病ALT升高组GPDA-F阳性率高于ALT正常组,而PHC患者GPDA-F与ALT无关。PHC患者GPDA-F呈持续阳性,良性肝病患者GPDA-F常为一过性阳性。结论GPDA-F为一新的PHC血清标志物,有助于PHC的定性诊断,尤其对早期PHC及AFP阴性PHC的诊断具有重要价值。     

磷酸肌酸钠对重度窒息新生儿血清肌酸激酶同工酶和心肌肌钙蛋白I的影响

目的观察磷酸肌酸钠对重度窒息新生儿血清肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）和心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）的影响。方法入选重度窒息新生儿60例,按照入院顺序随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例患儿,均给予常规对症支持治疗,治疗组在常规对症支持治疗基础上加用磷酸肌酸钠,1g／d,静脉滴注,6～7d为一疗程。比较治疗前后两组患儿血清CK-MB和cTnI水平的变化。结果治疗前两组患儿血清CK-MB和cTnI水平均高于正常水平,但两组间差异无统计学意义[治疗组分别为（68．7±18．7）U／L、（2．73±0．22）斗g／L;对照组分别为（68．8±19．3）U／L、（2．85±0．20）μg／L]（P〉0．05）。治疗3d后,治疗组血清CK-MB和cTnI水平显著下降[（24．4-4-3．1）U／L、（0．36±0．03）μg/L]（P〈0．01）,接近正常水平;而对照组则在7d后恢复至正常水平[（27．8±2．5）U／L、（0．77±0．03）μg/L]。结论磷酸肌酸钠能够快速有效地降低重度窒息新生儿血清CK-MB和cTnl的水平。     

Distribution of prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzymes in normal and cancerous states

We have studied the IEF (isoelectric focusing) profiles and the sedimentation characteristics of intracellular and secretory prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in normal and cancerous states. IEF studies show a similar relative distribution of tartrate inhibitable pI 4.9 (approximately 80%) and 5.6 (approximately 20%) forms of this enzyme in normal as well as cancerous prostate. The same IEF profile is obtained regardless of whether an enzymatic or RIA method is utilized for detection of PAP. Of these two isoenzymes, only the form of pI 4.9 predominates in prostatic and seminal fluids and in Stage IV serum. Sedimentation analysis shows that the purified enzyme is exceptionally stable since it retains an S020,w value of 5.7 at low concentrations (ng/ml). While only the 5.7S form is observed in normal and cancerous tissues as well as in prostatic fluid, analysis of Stage IV serum reveals an additional form at 8.7S. Control experiments suggest that the 8.7S form is not induced by non-specific association with normal serum proteins or by the inhibitor tartrate. Our results suggest that: (a) of the two major isoenzymes in tissue, only the pI 4.9 isoenzyme predominates in secretion, (b) this relationship of intracellular to secretory forms is unaltered in the transition from normal to cancerous tissue, and (c) the utility of PAP as a tumor marker is derived at least in part by the intrinsic stability of the 5.7S form. The significance of the 8.7S form is unknown at the present time, but it does not distort the clinical (RIA) measurement of PAP in serum.     

Serum creatine kinase and isoenzyme responses of veteran class fell runners

Summary The exercise response of creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) was studied in 11 veteran class male fell runners (aged >40 years) following (1) a laboratory functional diagnostic test (GXT) to maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂ max), (2) a competitive fell race (8 km distance and 419 m total height gain) at approx. 80% VO₂ max. Subjects rested for 72 h pre- and 24 h post-GXT test, resuming normal training for 8 days before resting again 72 h pre- and 24 h post-fell race. Blood samples were obtained during normal training, pre- and 24 h post-GXT test, and pre-, 24 and 48 h post-fell race. Two distinct exercise profiles emerged. Post-GXT test CK-MB rose significantly (x 2.0 U·1^–1, p<0.05) with the mean values of per cent CK-MB to CK (MB/CK%) rising to 4.4% (p<0.01). Total CK remained stable at 50 U·1^–1. Post-fell race CK-MB rose significantly (x 2.4 U·1^–1, p<0.01) with the mean MB/CK% rising to 3.1% (p<0.05) and total CK to 81.6 U·1^–1 (p<0.01). Two subjects who exhibited ECG abnormalities during and post-GXT test, were observed to have the highest MB/CK% post-test (8.2 and 5.6% respectively) and the highest CK-MB (2.3 and 3.7 U·^–1). An inverse relationship was observed between MB/CK% and time to complete the fell race. It is probable that the increase in serum isoenzyme CK-MB following exercise arises from myocardial tissue efflux, reflecting reversible ischaemia. CK-MB appears to be a very specific indicator of myocardial stress during exercise.This research was funded by the Preston District Health Authority Research Committee