Isoenzymes of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Human Lymphocytes

The types of isozymes of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) present in human lymphocytes has been investigated using isoelectric focusing of polyacrylamide gels followed by substrate-specific staining. Lymphocytes obtained from most individuals were found to contain both types I and II ALDH. This group of 'typical' individuals reported that they did not develop marked facial flushing or rapid heart rate after drinking alcohol nor did they develop an erythema to cutaneously applied ethanol. Lymphocytes obtained from 'atypical' individuals who do suffer from alcohol-induced flushing and rapid heart rate and who developed erythema to cutaneous ethanol displayed type II, but not type I, ALDH. Lymphocytes thus appear to be an easily accessible and suitable tissue for determining type I ALDH phenotype.     

磷砷四氯化碳对大鼠肝切片乳酸脱氢酶同功酶影响的研究

利用肝切片技术探讨P_4、NaAsO_2、CCl_4染毒大鼠肝切片及培养液中LDH同功酶的剂量效应关系。研究表明P_4、CCl_4 染毒组LDH_5 泄漏存在剂量效应关系;介质中LDH_5和LDH活性升高比ALT明显,LDH_5和LDH升高不伴随切片匀浆酶活性下降与毒物对酶的直接作用无关;LDH_5似乎较其它组分更易泄漏。NaAsO_2染毒组肝切片匀浆及培养液LDH同功酶无明显变化,介质中LDH活性升高较ALT明显。     

Δ2-Valproate biotransformation using human liver microsomal fractions

The metabolism of 2-n-propyl-2-pentenoate (²-VPA) was evaluated in human hepatic microsomal fractions. Two biotransformation pathways have been particularly investigated. In the presence of the cytochrome P-450 co-factor, NADPH, the main metabolites recovered were ³-VPA, ^2,4-VPA and VPA. The glucuronidation of ²-VPA was also studied on various hepatic microsomal fractions using Brij^® 35 as activator and UDP-glucuronic acid as co-factor. A large interindividual variability occurred in this metabolic pathway.K _m andV _max were 0.85 mmol/l and 1.75 nmol·min^–1·mg^–1, respectively, for ²-VPA and 1.11 mmol/l and 5.71 nmol·min^–1·mg^–1 for VPA, respectively. The good correlationr=0.82; p<0.001) observed between the glucuronidation of VPA and ²-VPA as well as the mutual inhibition of each other's glucuronidation strongly suggests that (a) common single UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoenzyme(s) was (were) involved in this glucuronidation step. The glucuronidation of specific substrates for various UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoenzymes showed a good relationship between the glucuronidations of ²-VPA and morphine, a substrate for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-2B. Moreover, morphine competitively inhibits A -VPA glucuronidation. It seems the same isoenzyme or, at least, (a) very closely related isoenzyme(s) belonging to UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-2 isoenzyme, is involved in ²-VPA glucuronidation.     

Mixed infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in a naturally infected dog from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

We report here the first case of co-infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in a naturally infected dog from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Isoenzyme characterisation identified the parasites isolated in culture from the cutaneous lesion as L. (V.) braziliensis and the isolates from blood and lymph node as L. (L.) chagasi. PCR analysis using specific primers followed by molecular hybridisation for direct Leishmania species identification in tissue fragments confirmed the presence of L. (V.) braziliensis DNA in the cutaneous lesion and of L. (L.) chagasi DNA in spleen and popliteal lymph node fragments. This report emphasises the importance of identification of Leishmania species infecting seropositive dogs in endemic areas, and the consequent re-assessment of control and epidemiological surveillance measures for the control of leishmaniasis, as is the case in Brazil.     

麦芽凝集素沉淀法检测骨碱性磷酸酶同工酶及应用

目的：应用麦芽凝集素（ＷＧＡ）沉淀法检测骨碱性磷酸酶同工酶（Ｂ－ＡＬＰ）水平,并探索Ｂ—ＡＬＰ与骨矿含量的相关性。方法：建立维生素Ｄ和钙缺乏所致的佝偻病动物模型,测定骨矿含量和血清钙、磷、２５－ＯＨＤ３、总碱性磷酸酶（Ｔ—ＡＬＰ）水平;采用ＷＧＡ沉淀法检测不同生长阶段大鼠血清中的Ｂ—ＡＬＰ活性。结果：血清Ｂ—ＡＬＰ在佝偻病组明显升高,且出现时间较Ｔ—ＡＬＰ早;Ｂ—ＡＬＰ与同期骨矿含量呈显著负相关。结论：血清Ｂ—ＡＬＰ活性是反映成骨细胞功能更为敏感和可靠的指标。