几丁糖预防宫腔镜术后宫腔粘连

目的探讨几丁糖预防宫腔镜术后宫腔粘连的临床应用价值。方法将84例因早孕要求进行宫腔镜手术的患者按随机数字表法分组,即几丁糖5 ml子宫腔内局部应用组(实验组)及无任何干预措施组(对照组),观察两组术后宫腔改变情况。结果实验组宫腔粘连轻、中、重度粘连发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宫腔内应用几丁糖可以减少宫腔镜术后宫腔粘连的发病率,是一种操作简便、疗效满意的预防方案。     

Invading of intrauterine contraceptive device into the sigmoid colon through uterine perforation caused by a blunt trauma

Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is relatively safe but still with some serious risks. Uterus perforation is rare and would be fatal. A case of Cu-7 IUCD invading into the sigmoid colon through uterine perforation caused by a pelvic blunt trauma was presented. Our case showed that uterus perforation by an IUCD could induce utero-sigmoid fistula which is likely to be missed. Imaging is required when the patients with IUCD present abdominal pain, particularly with a history of trauma.     

Awareness about postpartum insertion of intrauterine device among antenatal cases

Background

In spite of many available contraceptives numerous unwanted and unplanned pregnancies occur. Though the couples desire contraception but are not able to accept it due to their ignorance and misconceptions. Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD); an effective contraceptive is usually inserted six weeks after delivery. It can be inserted within 48 h of delivery called postpartum insertion for which government has started the program in many states. The study was undertaken to find out the choices about contraception after delivery and awareness about postpartum insertion.

Methods

The present observational study was conducted in one of the zonal service hospitals. 500 antenatal cases were included in the study. Their choice of contraception after delivery and awareness was determined through a questionnaire. Reasons for refusal of postpartum insertion were recorded. A small sample of staff also was included in the study.

Results

500 cases were included in the study, a large number had decided about contraception; mainly breast feeding supplemented by barrier contraceptive. 94 of 500 were willing for insertion of contraceptive device but not immediately after delivery due to apprehension in general and fear of side effects. Staff''s awareness about postpartum insertion was poor.

Conclusion

Knowledge and acceptance of postpartum insertion is very low among antenatal women; probably because the concept is new in the community. There is a strong need to increase the knowledge and awareness about this by health education and counseling.     

使用自制模拟宫内妊娠模型练习产科超声检查技术

目的探讨使用自制模拟宫内妊娠模型练习产科超声检查技术的价值。方法应用自制模拟宫内妊娠模型进行产科超声检查练习并与临床相同孕周产科超声检查进行对比,评价其效果。结果自制模拟宫内妊娠模型虽然内部胎儿虽无胎动,且无法显示循环系统的彩色血流信号,但胎儿结构显示清晰,可以达到练习产科超声检查技术的目的。结论自制模拟宫内妊娠模型可广泛用于练习产科超声检查技术。     

宫内生长发育受限患儿血清糖皮质激素变化

目的探讨宫内生长发育受限患儿是否存在下丘脑一垂体一’肾上腺轴功能紊乱。方法收集2012-1-1至2013-6-1在北京友谊医院儿科住院的宫内生长发育受限（inttauterine growth re8triction,IUGR）患儿和适于胎龄儿（appropriate for gestational age,AGA）血清,采用ELISA方法检测血清促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇、醛固酮激素水平变化。结果IU6R48例,AGA50例,两组性别比无差异。IUGR血清ACTH、皮质醇浓度（均数±标准差）浓度均比AGA组明显升高,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;IUGR血清醛固酮浓度与AGA组相比,血清水平下降,但差异无统计学意义,P〉0．05。结论宫内生长发育受限患儿血清ACTH、皮质醇浓度均明显高于适于胎龄儿,提示宫内生长发育受限患儿存在下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的功能紊乱。     

早发型败血症早产儿脐血培养价值研究

背景　新生儿败血症是导致早产儿死亡的主要原因之一,尤其是早发型败血症（EOS）,因此早诊断、及时治疗尤为重要。血培养是诊断败血症的金标准,但新生儿外周血采血量有限,而脐血作为新生儿出生后最早的血液标本,血量充分,且收集方便。目的　探讨EOS早产儿脐血培养的临床应用价值,同时观察脐血培养阳性患儿炎性指标变化,以期为EOS的临床治疗提供依据。方法　选取天津医科大学第二医院2018年6月-2019年6月疑似或确诊宫内感染的产妇及其早产儿（胎龄≤37周）共150对,其中102例早产儿诊断为EOS,48例早产儿未诊断为EOS。于早产儿出生后即刻留取脐血,出生后24 h内留取外周静脉血,行血培养。分别于EOS患儿出生后0~<24、24~<48、48~72 h检测炎性指标〔超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞计数（WBC）、血小板计数（PLT）〕,比较脐血培养阳性与脐血培养阴性EOS患儿不同时间炎性指标。EOS患儿脐血、外周血培养报警阳性后,进行脐血、外周血细菌鉴定。结果　EOS患儿脐血培养阳性率〔19.6%（20/102）〕与外周血培养阳性率〔16.7%（17/102）〕比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。非EOS患儿脐血、外周血培养阳性率均为0。脐血培养阳性EOS患儿出生后0~<24、24~<48、48~72 h hs-CRP、PCT高于脐血培养阴性EOS患儿（P<0.05）;脐血培养阳性EOS患儿出生后0~<24 h WBC低于脐血培养阴性EOS患儿（P<0.05）;脐血培养阳性EOS患儿出生后48~72 h PLT低于脐血培养阴性EOS患儿（P<0.05）。EOS患儿脐血培养共鉴定出20株致病菌,其中革兰阳性菌15株（包括葡萄球菌10株、单核细胞增生李斯特菌3株、无乳链球菌2株）,革兰阴性菌5株（包括大肠埃希菌3株、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种1株、鲍曼不动杆菌1株）。EOS患儿外周血培养共鉴定出17株致病菌,其中15例患儿外周血培养鉴定结果与脐血培养鉴定结果一致。结论　EOS患儿脐血培养阳性率与外周血培养阳性率相似,但脐血取血方便,留血量充分,有利于进行EOS的诊断。新生儿出生后若hs-CRP、PCT升高,WBC、PLT降低,提示可能存在EOS,可酌情调整抗生素用药,并依据细菌培养结果及时确定抗感染疗程及进一步诊治方案。     

Preliminary trial in treatment of postpartum endometritis with intrauterine application of hyperimmune serum in dairy cows

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of hyperimmune serum (HS) in treatment of postpartum endometritis.MethodsIn a field trial, cows with vaginal discharge, 25–35 d in milk were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. In group 1 (n=42), cows received an intrauterine treatment with 50 mL HS. HS was produced against Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli that had already been isolated from the Iranian dairy farms. In group 2 (n=39), cows were treated with one intrauterine infusion of 5 g oxytetracycline (OTC). In group 3 (n=65), cows affected with endometritis were treated with 0.5 mg cloprostenol (PG). Group 4 (n=89) included clinically healthy cows as control (HC) group without any treatment in groups HS, OTC and PG; all cows were re-examined 39–49 d in milk.ReultsCure rate after treatment defined as the absence of vaginal discharge at the re-examination, was 64.3%, 61.5% and 72.3% in HS, OTC and PG groups, respectively (P>0.05). Cows categorized as E1 and E2 showed higher cure rate and reproductive performance measures than E3 cows in both treatment groups but their differences were not significant. Conception rate to all services for cows with endometritis (category E1, E2 and E3) was 52.9% in HS group, 57.1% in OTC and in PG 62.1% compared to 66.7% in HC (P>0.05). The difference in the conception rate between the HS and HC group was not significant.ConclusionsWe suggest that HS could be the no antibiotic alternative treatment choice for postpartum endometritis in dairy cattle.     

阴道内镜技术在诊治无性生活女性宫内病变中的临床应用

目的分析及评估以阴道内镜技术治疗无性生活女性宫腔内疾病的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2016年3月至2022年3月,73例无性生活女性行阴道内镜手术的完成情况、手术时间、术中出血量、平均住院时间、术中镜下诊断与术后病理情况、术后及随访情况。 结果73例患者均成功实施阴道内镜诊疗,其中宫腔镜下子宫肌瘤电切术34例、宫腔镜下宫颈息肉电切19例、宫腔镜下子宫内膜息肉电切15例、宫腔镜下宫颈肌瘤电切3例、宫腔镜下生殖道畸形整形2例。73例手术均顺利完成,手术时间12~130 min,平均(54.2±30.0)min。平均术中出血量(12.4±16.0)ml。平均住院时间(3.6±1.9)d。术中镜下诊断,34例子宫肌瘤(其中FIGO 0型7例、FIGO 1型10例、FIGO 2型12例、FIGO 3型1例、弥漫性子宫肌瘤病4例)、19例宫颈息肉、15例子宫内膜息肉、3例宫颈肌瘤、2例生殖道畸形。所有患者无一例损伤处女膜及宫颈,无子宫穿孔、严重TURP等并发症。所有患者术后及随访过程中,无阴道异常分泌物、阴道异常出血、腹痛、发热等不良反应。 结论阴道内镜手术技术在有效治疗妇科下生殖道疾病的同时,可有效保护处女膜的完整性,对无性生活女性患者的身心健康均加以保护。     

Predictors of Early Discontinuation of Effective Contraception by Teens at High Risk of Pregnancy

Study ObjectiveIn the United States, teen pregnancy rates are declining. However, the United States still has the highest teen pregnancy rate among high-income countries. Understanding factors that predict discontinuation of effective contraception might help to further decrease teen pregnancy. We aimed to assess predictors of early discontinuation of effective contraception during typical use by high-risk teens.Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome MeasuresWe recruited 145 women aged 13-20 years (mean, 17.7 ± 1.8 years); 68% (99/145) Hispanic; 26% (38/145) black; 14% (20/145) ever pregnant; and 4% (6/145) high school dropouts who chose an effective contraceptive method during a health care visit and we prospectively assessed use of the method after 6 months. Contraceptive choices of the 130 participants who were reassessed at 6 months (90% retention) were: intrauterine device (IUD), 26% (34/130); depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), 8% (10/130); combined oral contraceptives (COCs), 48% (62/130); transdermal patch (Patch), 13% (17/130); and intravaginal ring (Ring), 5% (7/130).ResultsAfter 6 months, only 49 of 130 (38%) continued their chosen method; 28 of 130 (22%) never initiated the method; and 53 of 130 (40%) discontinued. Users and nonusers at 6 months did not differ according to cultural and/or social characteristics (age, ethnicity, acculturation, education, health literacy) but differed according to contraceptive method type. For the 102 of 130 who initiated a method, 88% continued use of the IUD, 20% DMPA, 43% COC, 17% Patch and Ring (P < .001). Using Cox proportional hazards multivariable analysis, compared with IUDs, all other methods predicted discontinuation: DMPA (hazard ratio [HR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-26.7; P < .05); COCs (HR, 6.6; 95% CI, 1.8-25; P < .01); Patch and Ring (HR, 12; 95% CI, 3.0-48; P < .001). Discontinuation was also predicted by past use of hormonal contraceptives (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.6; P < .05) and high school dropout (HR, 8.2; 95% CI, 1.6-41; P < .01).ConclusionContraceptive method type is the strongest predictor of early discontinuation; compared with IUDs, all other methods are 6-12 times more likely to be discontinued. Cultural and/or social characteristics, with the exception of school dropout, are of little predictive value. Increasing the use of IUDs by high-risk teens could decrease discontinuation rates and possibly teen pregnancy rates.     

Markers of early endothelial dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction-derived human umbilical vein endothelial cells revealed by 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry analyses

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) associates with fetal and placental vascular dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk later on life. We hypothesize that endothelial cells derived from IUGR umbilical veins present significant changes in the proteome which could be involved in the endothelial dysfunction associated to this conditions. To address this the proteome profile of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) isolated from control and IUGR pregnancies was compared by 2D-Differential In Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) and further protein identification by MALDI-TOF MS. Using 2D-DIGE 124 spots were identified as differentially expressed between control and IUGR HUVEC, considering a cut-off of 2 fold change, which represented ∼10% of the total spots detected. Further identification by MALDI-TOF MS and in silico clustering of the proteins showed that those differentially expressed proteins between control and IUGR HUVEC were mainly related with cytoskeleton organization, proteasome degradation, oxidative stress response, mRNA processing, chaperones and vascular function. Finally Principal Component analysis of the identified proteins showed that differentially expressed proteins allow distinguishing between control and IUGR HUVEC based on their proteomic profile. This study demonstrates for the first time that IUGR-derived HUVEC maintained in primary culture conditions present an altered proteome profile, which could reflect an abnormal programming of endothelial function in this fetal condition.