超声造影剂在高强度聚焦超声治疗肝癌中的应用

高强度聚焦超声(high-intensityfocusedultrasound,HIFU)技术是将体外低能量的超声波汇聚于体内肿瘤靶区,通过高温效应、空化效应和机械效应,使肿瘤组织产生凝固性坏死,从而达到治疗肿瘤的目的。超声造影剂(ultrasoundcontrastagents)在HIFU治疗肝癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)中也有很大的应用价值。探讨了超声造影剂在HIFU治疗肝癌前定性、定位及治疗后疗效评定等方面的作用,尤其是造影剂在HIFU治疗过程中通过增强空化效应,改变声学环境从而提高HIFU治疗肝癌的生物学效应,使超声造影剂成为一种备受重视的HIFU增效剂。     

比较影像学在评价HIFU治疗肝癌疗效中的应用

高强度聚焦超声是治疗肝癌的有效物理手段之一。影像学技术是评价高强度聚焦超声治疗肝癌疗效的重要手段。比较影像学是近年来一门新兴的医学学科,主要探讨比较影像学在高强度聚焦超声治疗肝癌评价中的应用。     

基于超声体模的颈动脉血流介导血管扩张斑块高度测量方法比较

通过设计实验对超声体模的血管扩张功能(FMD)斑块高度进行了测量,对各种测量方法做出了定性与定量分析和比较,从而确定最佳的评估方法及软件,以用于颈动脉粥样硬化临床早期诊断和治疗。以颈动脉超声体模的实际尺寸作为金标准,对FMD斑块高度进行了测量,利用超声诊断仪专用软件和自行开发的分割软件,分别使用3种不同的测量方法：横向直接测量、横向间接测量和纵向直接测量,获取斑块的高度,并进行了比较和分析。结果表明,在横向间接测量方法中,超声诊断仪专用软件比自行开发的分割软件更为准确;而在横向直接测量和纵向直接测量中,自行开发的分割软件比超声诊断仪专用软件更为准确。自行开发的分割软件与超声诊断仪专用软件的测量结果在统计学上存在显著性差异(P<0.05),但两者相差的绝对值并不大（对应0.30、0.45、0.60 cm等 3种斑块高度,小于0.02 cm）。总体来说,超声诊断仪专用软件和自行开发的分割软件测量结果都接近于金标准,但自行开发的分割软件的精确性优于超声诊断仪专用软件     

Transthoracic ultrasound assessment of B-lines for identifying the increment of extravascular lung water in shock patients requiring fluid resuscitation

Introduction:

Several studies have shown that the number of B-lines was related to the amount of extravascular lung water (EVLW). In our study, we aimed to demonstrate the magnitude of the incremental B-lines in shock patients with positive net fluid balance and the association with gas exchange impairment.

Materials and Methods:

We performed trans-thoracic ultrasound at admission (T₀) and at follow-up period (T_FL) to demonstrate the change of B lines (ΔB-lines) after fluid therapy. We compared the total B-line score (TBS) at T₀ and T_FL and calculated the Pearson''s correlation coefficient between the ΔB-lines and PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio.

Results:

A total of 20 patients were analyzed. All patients had septic shock. Net fluid balance was + 2228.05 ± 1982.15 ml. The TBS at T₀ and T_FL were 36.6 ± 23.73 and 63.80 ± 29.25 (P < 0.01). The ΔB-lines along anterior axillary line (AAL) correlated to the ΔTBS (r = 0.90, P < 0.01). The ΔB-lines along AAL had inverse correlation to PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (r = −0.704, P < 0.05). The increase of B-lines ≥ 10 was related to the decrease of PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio. The inter-observer reliability between two ultrasound readers was high (r = 0.92, P < 0.01).

Discussion:

The number of B-lines increased in shock patients with positive net fluid balance and correlated to impaired oxygenation. These data supported the benefit of ultrasound for assessing the EVLW.     

基于微型反射式超声测量的肠内容物分类研究

目前的人工肛门括约肌不能感知不同的肠内容物状态,本研究试图利用反射式超声波探测系统分辨不同肠内容物状态,从而为研制具有感知功能的人工肛门括约肌打下研究基础。我们测量了30只巴马香猪直肠内固体、流体、气体和空瘪状态时反射波的个数,实验结果显示,当巴马香猪直肠内为4种不同肠内容物时,形成的反射波数目的差异具有统计学意义(F=1 088,P<0.05)。本研究结果提示,反射式超声波探测系统具有分辨不同肠内容物的作用,可作为研究微型人工肛门括约肌感知肠内容物功能的一种新的有效方法。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断胎儿单脐动脉的临床价值

目的探讨超声对胎儿单脐动脉的诊断意义。方法应用彩色多普勒超声连续观察21405例中晚孕期孕妇单脐动脉的发生情况并测量其脐动脉血流频谱（PI、RI及S/D比值）。结果共发现单脐动脉胎儿140例,99例单纯性单脐动脉,41例合并畸形,它们分别与正常胎儿的PI、RI、S/D值比较均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论应用彩色多普勒超声可准确诊断胎儿单脐动脉的发生情况,为遗传生殖提供临床价值。     

Diagnosis, etiology, and outcome of fetal ascites in a South African hospital

Objective

To analyze the etiology and outcome of fetal ascites in a hospital in a low-resource country.

Method

Data were reviewed for patients with fetal ascites who attended Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, from 1 January, 2006, to 31 December, 2009.

Results

There were 50 cases of fetal ascites. Prenatal investigations included detailed ultrasonography, Doppler studies, TORCH screening and chromosome analysis if amniocentesis was accepted by the patient. The underlying cause was diagnosed prenatally for 41 (82%) cases. The following etiologies were documented: secondary to a genetic cause (n = 10); structural fetal abnormality (n = 20); congenital syphilis (n = 4) or other infection (n = 3); fetal environment (n = 3); placenta (n = 3); and unknown origin (n = 7). The perinatal mortality was 72%. Factors predicting a poor prognosis included multiple abnormalities (100% fetal loss), cardiac anomalies (91% loss), hydrops fetalis (80% loss), and infection (71% loss). Ascites of unknown origin and ascites secondary to renal causes had the best prognosis (perinatal loss of 17% and 25%, respectively).

Conclusion

The cause, and therefore the prognosis, was identified in 82% of cases of fetal ascites. The prognosis for prenatally diagnosed ascites was poor; however, a few patients did well, which has important implications for genetic counseling.     

子宫内膜消融术治疗良性病变所致子宫出血疗效的研究

目的探讨超声引导下子宫内膜消融术在良性疾病导致的异常子宫出血中的治疗效果。方法 应用自凝刀对114例患者在超声监护下行子宫内膜射频消融术,术后定期随访,观察疗效。结果自凝刀子宫内膜消融术治疗子宫出血平均（12.32±4.51）min,96例治愈,18例有效,总有效率100%,无严重并发症。结论超声引导下子宫内膜消融术治疗子宫异常出血是一种安全、疗效好、简单、快速的治疗方法。     

两种剂量来曲唑与克罗米芬对多囊卵巢综合征患者子宫卵巢血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨2种剂量来曲唑(LE)与克罗米芬(CC)对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者子宫卵巢血流动力学的影响。方法:2种剂量LE与CC治疗90例PCOS不孕症患者,随机分CC组(A组,n=32,50 mg/d)、低剂量LE组(B组,n=30,2.5 mg/d)和高剂量LE组(C组,n=28,5.0 mg/d)。同时以28例正常育龄妇女作为对照组(D组)。经阴道超声监测子宫卵巢血流的参数,比较排卵率、妊娠率。结果:①LE的2个剂量组子宫卵巢血流均出现类似正常育龄妇女的周期性血流变化;②C组方案治疗PCOS有较高的排卵率和妊娠率。结论:来曲唑改善了PCOS患者的子宫卵巢血流供应,5.0 mg可能有更好的促排卵效果。     

孕中、晚期阴道超声测量宫颈长度对预测早产的临床价值

目的:研究孕中、晚期经阴道超声测量宫颈长度对预测早产的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析无任何严重合并症或并发症的单胎头位初产妇241例(A组),包括早产55例(A1组)、足月产186例(A2组),在孕中期14￣15+6周及23￣24+6周分别行阴道超声测量宫颈长度;另选择同期住院的先兆早产孕妇63例(孕28￣34+6周)(B组)行阴道超声测量宫颈长度。所有对象均于初次产检时取阴道分泌物进行生殖道感染的筛查,分析宫颈长度变化、生殖道感染与早产的关系。结果:①A1组与A2组孕中期不同孕周的宫颈长度组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05),孕23￣24+6周的宫颈长度明显长于孕14￣15+6周的(P<0.05)。63例先兆早产孕妇中,妊娠结局为早产者(B1组)的宫颈长度略短于足月产组(B2组)(P>0.05),但1周后复测宫颈长度的21例中,12例早产者(C1组)宫颈长度的缩短明显大于足月产的9例(C2组),两者间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。②A1组的支原体感染率显著高于A2组(P<0.05);A1组合并2种或以上感染者高于B组,组间比较亦有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:阴道超声动态检测宫颈可预测早产,但孕中期超声测量宫颈长度对正常孕妇预测早产的意义不大;对先兆早产孕妇发生早产有一定的预测价值。对孕期出现生殖道感染的孕妇尤其是支原体感染或同时存在2种或以上感染者更应加以重视,预防早产。