新疆地区宫颈癌和CIN患者HPV-16感染和血清中HPV-16 L1抗体的检测及其临床意义

目的 探讨宫颈癌和宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）患者血清中HPV 16 L1抗体水平及其与HPV-16感染的关系。方法 收集宫颈癌患者51例和CIN（包括CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ）患者44例。取患者宫颈病变组织并提取组织DNA,PCR检测HPV-16 DNA。同时取患者血样,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清样品中HPV-16 L1抗体。结果 宫颈癌组中HPV-16 DNA的阳性率为82.4％,CIN组为52.3％。宫颈癌组血清HPV-16 L1抗体阳性率为70.6％,CIN组为79.5％。宫颈癌组中HPV-16 DNA阳性而HPV-16 L1抗体阴性的比例为27.5％,显著高于CIN组的9.1％（P＜0.05）;宫颈癌组HPV-16 DNA阴性而HPV-16L1抗体阳性的比例为15.7％,显著低于CIN组的36.4％（P＜0.05）。宫颈癌组HPV-16 DNA和患者HPV-16 L1抗体均阳性的重合率为54.9％,CIN组为43.2％。结论 CIN和宫颈癌患者HPV-16 L1抗体的产生与HPV-16 DNA的检出率相关,血清中HPV-16 L1抗体可作为宫颈癌和CIN病程的辅助诊断指标。     

Extramammary Paget disease – clinical appearance,pathogenesis, management

Extramammary Paget disease is a rare malignant neoplasm. With regard to the pathogenesis, two prognostically different forms can be distinguished. The primary form of extramammary Paget disease is an in situ carcinoma of the apocrine gland ducts. In contrast, the secondary form is characterized by an intraepithelial spread due to an underlying carcinoma of the skin or other organ systems. Extramammary Paget disease occurs in older patients. The predilection sites include the entire anogenital skin and less often the axillary region. We present five different patients with this disease, thereby demonstrating its variation in clinical morphology. The lesion usually presents as an erythematous sharply defined spot. The polygonal borders, caused by the centrifugal growth of the tumor, may provide a diagnostic clue. The treatment of choice for extramammary Paget disease remains Mohs’ microscopic surgery. However, radiotherapy or topical applications may be alternative treatment options in selected cases. In patients with the secondary form of extramam‐mary Paget disease, treatment of the primary tumor is the main approach.     

In vivo confocal microscopy of ocular surface squamous neoplasia

Purpose

To analyse in vivostructural and cellular features of ocular surface squamous neoplasia using clinical confocal microscopy.

Methods

Ten consecutive cases of untreated ocular surface squamous neoplasia were in vivoinvestigated using clinical confocal microscopy (ConfoScan4, Nidek Co. Ltd, Gamagori, Japan) with a × 40 surface non-contact objective lens. Confocal microscopy images were compared with cytologic samples obtained by scraping technique.

Results

Confocal microscopy examination revealed large areas of superficial cells debris and/or keratin debris accompanied by syncytial-like groupings, loss of the normal structure of the conjunctival epithelium andor of the corneal basal epithelium layer, papillomatous organization, large fibrovascular structures, and fine vessels perpendicular to the tumour surface. Sub-epithelial (pre-Bowman) space involvement was documented in four cases (50%). Irregular healthy tissue infiltration at the lateral edge of the lesion was documented in two cases (20%) whereas abrupt demarcation between neoplastic cells and normal epithelium was documented in eight cases (80%). In vivocyto-morphologic study using clinical confocal microscopy showed cellular anisocytosis, pleocytosis, and anisonucleosis, enlarged nuclei with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, high reflective cytoplasm and indistinct cytoplasmic borders in all cases (100%).

Conclusion

CCM appears to be a promising and non-invasive method for in vivostructural and cellular analysis of OSSN.     

Clinical significance of human papilloma virus infection in the cervical lesions

Cervical lesions have been regarded as the common and frequently occurring diseases in China. Recently, the morbidity and youth tendency of cervical cancer have gradually increased. Cervical cancer, related with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, has been one of the severest diseases threatening health and life of women, and is an infectious disease. The universality of HPV infection in the reproductive tract should not be ignored. The well-known risk factors of HPV infection in cervical lesions consist of high-risk sexual behaviors, immunosuppression, age, contraceptive methods, the concurrent infection of other sexually transmitted diseases, etc. The variation of cervical lesions induced by HPV infection is involved in the continuous pathological process, including the subclinical, latent, and persistent infection of high risk (HR)-HPV, chronic cervicitis with abnormal results of cytological examination, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and cervical cancer. The outcome of patients with HPV infection is influenced by many factors, such as HPV subtype dominance, persistent HPV infection, HPV loading dose, and multiple HPV infection. Controlling HR-HPV persistent infection should be an important strategy for reducing cervical lesions.     

液基细胞学检查与阴道镜联合应用诊断宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的价值评价

目的:评价液基细胞学检查(TCT)与阴道镜联合应用诊断宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的价值。方法:采用TCT检查异常或阴道镜检查异常的妇女178例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组89例,观察者采用TCT与阴道镜联合检查,对照组单纯行阴道镜检查,两组均行多点活组织检查,以病理诊断为金标准,对比两组组织学诊断阳性符合率。结果:观察组组织学诊断阳性符合率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:TCT与阴道镜联合检查能够提高早期宫颈癌的诊断率。     

UPA和CD44s在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中表达的临床意义

目的:探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(urokinase type plasmivnogen activator,UPA)和细胞粘附因子标准型(Cell coheresive factor,CD44s)在宫颈癌中表达的临床意义。方法:收集宫颈癌标本86例、瘤样变36例,利用免疫组织化学技术检测UPA和CD44s阳性表达率,并分析它们与癌瘤生物学特性之间的相关性。结果:CD44s在瘤样变中阳性率为19.44%(7/36),在宫颈癌阳性率为45.35%(39/86);UPA在宫颈癌和CIN中阳性率分别为56.98%(49/86)和27.78%(10/36);CD44s和UPA在宫颈癌中的阳性率明显高于瘤样变中的阳性率(P0.05),在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期组明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期组(P0.05),有淋巴结转移组阳性率明显高于无转移组(P0.05)。结论:UPA和CD44s高表达与癌发生及转移有相关性,检测癌UPA和CD44s对提示患者预后和开展靶向化学治疗有指导作用。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒检测在诊断宫颈上皮内瘤变中的应用

目的:探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒(Hr-HPV)检测在诊断宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)中的应用。方法:2008年6月～2009年6月间102例患者,采用第二代杂交捕获技术检测HPV的感染情况,比较不同级别的高危型人乳头瘤病毒(CINHr-HPV)的感染情况及各级间的差异。结果:CINⅠ级、CINⅡ级和CINⅢ级Hr-HPV的负荷量及Hr-HPV的阳性表达率明显高于炎症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CINⅡ级和CINⅢ级Hr-HPV的负荷量及Hr-HPV的阳性表达率明显高于CINⅠ级,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Hr-HPV感染与宫颈癌前病变及子宫颈癌密切相关,其病毒载量和阳性表达率随宫颈病变的严重程度增加呈上升趋势。     

表皮生长因子受体表达与高危型人乳头状瘤病毒载量在宫颈癌及癌前病变中的相关性

目的:探讨宫颈癌发生、发展过程中,表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)与人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)的作用及其相互关系。方法:选取2004～2007年于广州市第一人民医院或中山大学肿瘤防治中心行妇科手术的宫颈标本、且术前行高危型HPV-DNA检测的病例110例,包括宫颈癌病例50例、宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)30例、对照30例。以S-P免疫组化法检测其宫颈EGFR表达。结果:宫颈癌、CIN、对照组的EGFR过表达率分别为76.00%、43.30%、0%,HPV载量的中位数及四分位数间距分别为156.64(842.00～11.35)、79.30(303.75～3.10),0.15(0.25～0.06)。EGFR过表达率、HPV载量在各组间的差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。宫颈癌及CIN组中,EGFR过表达者的HPV-DNA载量显著高于无过表达者(P<0.05),EGFR过表达与HPV-DNA载量均呈正相关(宫颈癌组r=0.782,P=0.008;CIN组r=0.710,P=0.021)。结论:EGFR过表达程度、高危型HPV病毒负荷量均与宫颈病变程度密切相关。提示EGFR与高危型HPV感染在宫颈癌变过程中均起重要作用,且两者有密切关系。     

宫颈环形电切术对阴道镜下活检为轻度宫颈上皮内瘤样变的再评估

目的:通过宫颈环形电切术(LEEP)对阴道镜活检诊断为轻度宫颈上皮内瘤样变(C INⅠ)进行重新评估,比较不同病理类型的高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染及TCT(液基细胞学检查)检测结果,评估阴道镜活检诊断C INⅠ的准确性和全面性。方法:选取2007年1月~2009年11月就诊于柳州市人民医院妇科的宫颈疾病患者,行TCT、HPV16及18 DNA及阴道镜检查,同时选取阴道镜下宫颈活检确诊为C INⅠ的患者90例,短期内行LEEP术,并采取自身对照法,对比阴道镜下活检和LEEP术病理结果。结果:阴道镜下活检与宫颈LEEP术后病理结果的符合率为81.11%(73/90),宫颈LEEP术后有49例降级为炎症,占54.44%(49/90),24例仍为C INⅠ,占26.67%(24/90),LEEP术后病理级别未升级的73例患者中,有16例HPV16、18阳性,占21.92%(16/73);宫颈LEEP术后病理升级的有17例,占18.89%(17/90),C INⅡ10例,C INⅢ7例(其中4例患者因年龄大,无生育要求,自愿要求行全子宫切除术,2例术后病检为C INⅡ,1例为C INⅠ,1例LEEP术后累及腺体最后诊断为中分化鳞癌),其中HPV16、18阳性13例(C INⅡ组中有6例,C INⅢ组中有7例),占76.47%(13/17)。高危型HPV(HR-HPV)阳性率及病毒负荷量在低级别宫颈病变及高级别宫颈病变中差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),并随着宫颈病变程度的加重而逐渐升高。TCT检测结果与LEEP术后病理结果存在相关性,TCT检测结果级别偏高,LEEP术后病理结果也趋向于偏高;两种方法的检测结果存在统计学差异(P=0.000),TCT检测结果级别偏低的,LEEP术后病检结果级别可能会偏高。结论:阴道镜直视下活检对确诊C INⅠ尚不够准确,存在着高级别病变漏诊的可能;阴道镜下活检诊断为C INⅠ而细胞学检查结果为HSIL或HR-HPV病毒负荷量较高时要警惕漏诊宫颈高级别病变的可能,LEEP术在明确诊断宫颈上皮内瘤样变中优于活检,是诊断和治疗C IN的一种有效地方法。     

FISH技术检测宫颈上皮细胞hTERC基因的临床应用研究

目的:探讨hTERC基因扩增与宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及宫颈癌发生、发展的关系和临床意义。方法:应用FISH技术检测120例宫颈脱落细胞中hTERC基因的表达情况。结果:100例各级宫颈病变中,CINⅠ组TERC基因异常扩增为13.3%(4/30),CINⅡ组为71.0%(22/31),CINⅢ/原位癌组及宫颈癌组均为100.0%(39/39)。各组TERC基因异常扩增例数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌时,hTERC基因有扩增,且随着病变的进展,hTERC基因异常扩增几率增加,高度病变和癌的阳性表达率明显高于低度病变,可以作为宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌筛查及预后评估的重要指标。