Association of chloride intracellular channel 4 and Indian hedgehog proteins with survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer‐related mortality. Novel molecular biomarkers need to be identified for personalized medicine and to improve survival. The aim of this study was to examine chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) expression in benign and malignant lesions of the pancreas and to examine the eventual association between CLIC4 and Ihh expression, with clinicopathological features and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. A retrospective study of specimens collected from January 2000 to December 2011 at the Department of Pathology of the Second and Third Xiangya Hospitals, Central South University was undertaken to explore this question. Immunohistochemistry of CLIC4 and Ihh was performed with EnVision^? in 106 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma specimens, 35 paracancer samples (2 cm away from the tumour, when possible or available), 55 benign lesions and 13 normal tissue samples. CLIC4 and Ihh expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than in paracancer tissue and benign lesions (CLIC4: P = 0.009 and Ihh: P < 0.0001; CLIC4: P = 0.0004 and Ihh: P = 0.0001 respectively). CLIC4 and Ihh expression was negative in normal pancreatic tissues. The expression of CLIC4 and Ihh was associated significantly with tumour grade, lymph node metastasis, tumour invasion and poor overall survival. Thus CLIC4 and Ihh could serve as biological markers for the progression, metastasis and/or invasiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.     

CA19-9与hTERC基因联合检测在宫颈上皮内瘤变诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)联合人端粒酶RNA基因(hTERC)在诊断宫颈上皮内瘤变中的价值。方法选取2010年1月至2014年11月右江民族医学院附属医院妇科门诊采集的392例宫颈脱落细胞标本作为研究对象,利用全自动酶免疫分析系统测定血清CA19-9的变化水平,荧光原位杂交(FISH)方法检测hTERC基因的表达水平。结果 CA19-9的总体阳性率38.78%(152/392);hTERC的总体阳性率26.79%(105/392);HPV检测阳性率64.54%(253/392);χ2趋势检验显示,随着宫颈病变病理级别的升高,CA19-9和hTERC阳性率均呈现逐步上升的趋势(χ2CA19-9=-4.089,P0.05;χ2hTERC=7.795,P0.05);Spearman分析结果显示,CA19-9水平和hTERC基因表达均与宫颈病变的程度呈正相关关系(rCA19-9=0.308,P0.05;rhTERC=0.256,P0.05);CA19-9水平的检测灵敏度71.64%,hTERC基因的检测灵敏度65.67%,CA19-9联合hTERC基因的检测灵敏度则可达92.54%,联合检测策略的灵敏度明显高于单独CA19-9或hTERC基因检测(χ2CA19-9=6.292,P0.05;χ2hTERC=5.121,P0.05);CA19-9和hTERC基因检测有4种类型结果,分别是:CA19-9(+)/hTERC(+)、CA19-9(+)/hTERC(-)、CA19-9(-)/hTERC(+)和CA19-9(-)/hTERC(-)。检测结果 CA19-9(+)/hTERC(+)的构成比随宫颈病变级别的增高而逐渐增加(P0.05)。结论 CA19-9联合hTERC检测有助于提高宫颈上皮内瘤变诊断的灵敏度。     

Safety of growth hormone replacement therapy in adults

Growth hormone (GH) is a powerful metabolic hormone that regulates fuel homeostasis through its protein anabolic and lipolytic actions. The introduction of recombinant human GH has expanded the narrow indication of treating children with severe GH deficiency (GHD) to include a broader target population of children with growth retardation and short stature and adults with hypopituitarism and severe GHD. Furthermore, because children continue to receive GH replacement therapy into adult life, the duration of treatment exposure has increased and the safety of long-term GH treatment has become increasingly important. This is of particular concern given that GH-deficient children and adults may be more vulnerable to the mitogenic stimuli of GH and insulin-like growth factor-1, both because of the underlying cause of GHD and also because of previous treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review focuses on the safety of treating adults with severe GHD, with specific emphasis on dose regimens, carbohydrate metabolism, neoplasia, and morbidity and mortality. Available experience from long-term replacement therapy, studies using supraphysiological doses of GH in adults and lessons learned from patients with acromegaly who have high endogenous GH levels over many years, is considered.     

派特灵治疗宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染的临床观察

目的探讨派特灵在高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的宫颈病变患者中的临床价值。方法2009年6月至2011年6月在南通市妇幼保健院宫颈门诊行宫颈高频电刀电圈切除术治疗，病理学诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ-Ⅲ级，术后6个月细胞学、阴道镜检查正常而高危型HPV检测阳性未自然转阴患者40例，随机分为治疗组及对照组；治疗组给予派特灵局部上药，对照组不再进行任何干预治疗。停药3、6个月后再次进行细胞学及高危型HPV—DNA检测。结果治疗组停药3、6个月后抗HPV感染的总有效率为90．0％、90．0％，对照组总有效率分别为30．0％、35．0％，治疗组的疗效明显高于对照组（∥分别为3．779、3．751，均P〈0．01），3个月及6个月后治疗组HPV—DNA负荷量均较治疗前明显下降（‰分别为3．606、4．365，均P〈0．01），对照组无明显疗效（U0分别为0．947、1．407，均P0〉0．05），治疗HPV负荷的改善率明显高于对照组（U。=3．653，U2=3．147，均P〈0．01）。结论派特灵可用以治疗高危型HPV感染。     

Premalignant and malignant lesions of the vagina

This paper will review vaginal lesions including common premalignant conditions as well as primary malignant epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. Discussion of the precursor vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesion (VaSIL) will precede a section focused on vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (VaSCC). The topics of adenosis and atypical endometriosis will precede discussion of vaginal clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma. Vaginal sarcomas and adenosarcomas will be briefly addressed. Metastatic tumours which comprise the majority of vaginal malignancies will also be discussed. The review will conclude with a brief discussion of the neovagina and the rare occurrence of malignancy in this site.     

子宫颈上皮内瘤变患者CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞表达与高危型HPV感染的关系

目的探讨不同级别宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）组织中CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞表达及与高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）的关系。方法对2005年1月至2008年8月在珠海市人民医院阴道镜下宫颈活检诊断为CIN并行宫颈锥切治疗的72例患者的资料进行分析,采用杂交捕获第二代方法（HC-Ⅱ）检测高危型HPVDNA含量;采用免疫组化检测30例CIN1、43例CIN2/3及10例正常宫颈组织中CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞的表达。结果 CIN2/3组的HR-HPV感染率显著高于CIN1组（P〈0.05）,CIN组HR-HPV感染率高于慢性宫颈炎组（P〈0.01）。慢性宫颈炎组、CIN1组和CIN2/3组CD4＋T细胞表达率分别为60.0%、43.3%和33.3%,CD8＋T细胞的表达率分别为70.0%、46.7%和31.0%;CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞在CIN1组及CIN2/3组的表达显著低于慢性宫颈炎组（P〈0.05）。结论 CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞表达下调可能促进宫颈HR-HPV感染的发生,并对宫颈癌前病变的发生、发展起一定的作用。