羟考酮用于血管减压手术术终镇痛衔接的半数有效剂量

目的通过序贯法测定羟考酮用于显微血管减压手术术终镇痛衔接的半数有效剂量(Median effective dose,ED_(50))。方法选择2017年6—10月在全麻下行经乙状窦入路显微血管减压手术的面肌痉挛患者23例,男5例,女18例,年龄18~64岁,BMI 18~24kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。手术结束前30min给予羟考酮,手术结束后连接相同配方的镇痛泵。根据序贯法设定浓度,当出现第7个交叉点时终止试验。术后30min患者镇痛口述分级(verbal rating score,VRS)评分1分为阴性。结果 Dixon-Mood法计算羟考酮ED_(50)为0.054mg/kg(95%CI 0.053~0.056mg/kg);Probit回归模型计算为0.054mg/kg(95%CI 0.030~0.077mg/kg)。结论羟考酮用于显微血管减压手术术终镇痛衔接的ED50为0.054mg/kg。     

北京地区某医院2014~2018年肠道门诊流行病学分析

目的对肠道门诊连续五年的临床病例进行整理分析及讨论,以掌握其分布规律和流行趋势,为制定和完善传染病防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法以2014年1月1日至2018年10月31日连续五年首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院肠道门诊就诊共10 808例病例为研究分析对象,对就诊人群年龄分布、就诊月份分布、发病病症、实验结果和临床诊断进行分析。结果①五年来病例统计年龄分布在21~40岁最多,占比41.3%;其次为51~70岁,占比33.1%。②每年6~8月为急性腹泻高发期,就诊人数与气温高低呈正比。③五年腹痛发生率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),但腹痛发生的部位差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于腹痛部位,五年来统计数据表明,脐周发生率最高,其次为上腹部,再次为下腹部。患者伴有里急后重症状的人数显著低于无里急后重症状者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。④五年来,不同性状大便比率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),占比最多的前3位分别为糊状或稀样便、水样便和黏液便。动力阴性细菌比率显著高于动力阳性细菌(P<0.01),动力阳性细菌检出率近3年呈下降趋势。志贺菌属检出量逐年下降,五年比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),沙门菌属检出量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。近五年内共检出霍乱弧菌2例。⑤近五年腹泻待查为肠道门诊临床诊断的首位,占比60%左右;其次为感染性腹泻,占比约30%左右。菌痢诊断近3年呈下降趋势。结论该医院所在地区5年来肠道传染病的基本特征为:患者以青壮年居多、夏季高温时多发,疾病发生时不同年份腹痛发生概率差异大、脐周发生疼痛的概率最高、大便性状以糊状或稀样便等为主。     

Proximal small bowel intussusceptions in adults: CT appearance and clinical significance

Background: According to the clinical literature, intestinal intussusception in adults is rare, is associated with a pathologic lead point, and is usually treated surgically. Nonobstructing small bowel intussusception has been reported as a transient finding on computed tomographic (CT) studies.Methods: We evaluated the radiographic and clinical findings in 24 patients who were found to have 26 proximal small bowel intussusceptions on abdominal CT scans performed for a variety of indications.Results: Twenty patients with intussusceptions had no evidence of small bowel obstruction. The transient and clinically insignificant nature of 22 intussusceptions in these 20 patients was proven radiologically (n = 14), surgically (n = 1), or by clinical follow-up (n = 7). These patients demonstrated a bowel-within-bowel pattern on multiple contiguous images and absence of strangulation or intestinal dilatation. No lead points were demonstrated in these patients. Three other patients had symptoms of low-grade small bowel obstruction and were treated conservatively. Extensive follow-up investigations showed no recurrence of intussusception or a lead point. One patient had high-grade obstructive intussusception with intestinal ischemia and required surgical resection of necrotic bowel.Conclusions: Proximal small bowel intussusceptions are likely to be transient and nonobstructive and unlikely to have a significant lead point.     

少儿期迟发性肠旋转不良的诊治体会

目的 总结延迟发病的肠旋转不良少儿期的临床特点和诊断治疗经验.方法 对我院1998年至2008年临床诊断明确并经手术治疗的23例迟发性肠旋转不良患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 23例患者均经过立位腹部平片或透视检查;9例行上消化道钡餐检查,2例行辅助钡灌肠检查,20例行腹部多普勒超声检查,13例行腹部CT扫描.术前确诊18例,确诊率为78.3%.全部病例经拉德(Ladd)手术治疗.结论 迟发性肠旋转不良临床表现多样,诊断困难;小肠扭转、肠坏死是死亡的主要原因.治疗以传统的Ladd手术为主,且对此疾病早诊断、早手术是提高治愈率的关键.     

严重多发伤患者血浆肠脂肪酸结合蛋白水平变化及其与胃肠功能障碍的关系

目的探讨严重多发伤患者血浆肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(iFABP)水平变化及其与创伤后胃肠功能障碍的关系。方法36例多发伤患者分为轻伤组(ISS评分<16分,15例)和重伤组(ISS评分>16分,21例),再根据是否并发胃肠功能障碍分为胃肠功能障碍组(32例)和非胃肠功能障碍组(4例),另10例择期手术者为正常对照组。正常对照组采外周静脉血1次,多发伤患者分别于伤后第1、3、5天采外周静脉血3次,采用酶联免疫吸附测试法检测iFABP。结果与正常对照组相比,轻伤组和重伤组血浆iFABP水平于伤后第1天即显著升高(P<0.01),且重伤组显著高于轻伤组(P<0.01),随后iFABP水平逐渐下降,轻伤组于第5天恢复至正常水平,而重伤组仍显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01);胃肠功能障碍组伤后第1天血浆iFABP水平显著高于非胃肠功能障碍组(P<0.01),其差异一直持续到创伤后第5天。多发伤后第1、3、5天血浆iFABP水平与胃肠功能障碍评分均有相关性。结论严重多发伤后早期血浆iFABP水平显著升高,其水平变化与创伤严重程度和胃肠功能障碍程度呈正相关,这种变化可能对创伤后胃肠功能障碍的早期预测有较重要意义。     

乳酸菌对肠粘膜通透性及中小分子尿毒素清除的影响

目的研究乳酸菌对慢性肾衰竭大鼠的肠粘膜通透性及中小分子尿毒素清除的影响。方法40只SD大鼠分为正常对照组（10只）行假手术,30只作5/6肾切除后分为肾衰竭病理对照组、双歧杆菌治疗组和乳酸杆菌治疗组。喂养1周后处死动物留取血粪标本。用紫外线吸收法测定血/粪中分子物质（MMS）。尿素（UN）和肌酐（Cr）;用酶偶联紫外分光度法检测血D-乳酸。结果病理对照组血、粪MMS和UN、Cr均升高（P〈0.01）;血浆D-乳酸含量增高（P〈0.01）。双歧杆菌治疗组和乳酸杆菌治疗组较病理对照组的血浆D-乳酸含量降低（P〈0.01）;BUN、SCr均降低（P〈0.01）;而粪UN、Cr均增加（P〈0.01）。结论双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌均可维持慢性肾衰竭大鼠肠粘膜正常通透性,加速肠道清除MMS,分解肠道内尿素和肌酐降低其血中的浓度。     

婴儿隐匿性原发性小肠淋巴管扩张症一例

为提高对婴儿隐匿性原发性小肠淋巴管扩张症的临床、内镜及病理特点的认识,减少漏诊及误诊,我们对厦门市儿童医院收治的1例原发性小肠淋巴管扩张婴儿的临床表现和诊疗相关资料进行了回顾性分析。该例患儿以支气管肺炎收住入院,轻度腹泻和水肿,未见外周血淋巴细胞数减少,呈现低蛋白血症。输注白蛋白未能缓解低蛋白血症,随后胃镜检查显示十二指肠段可见大小不等密集的白色粟粒样颗粒状隆起,黏膜呈广泛白斑样病变,病理检查显示明显的小肠淋巴管扩张,进而确诊小肠淋巴管扩张症。确诊后每两日输注白蛋白,连续输注两个疗程并予portagen中链脂肪酸奶粉喂养。经处理后血浆中总蛋白和白蛋白基本升至正常水平,腹部及胸部彩超显示双胸腔及双肺积液均已被吸收。对该病例的回顾性分析结果表明对于有血浆白蛋白及球蛋白下降而导致浮肿的婴儿,排除肝肾疾患及肿瘤、结核等慢性疾病所致蛋白消耗过多的可能性,均应考虑小肠淋巴扩张症,需尽可能尽早行胃镜检查,进一步完善病理活检,实现早日确诊、尽早进行对症治疗及饮食干预治疗,避免处理不及时导致的严重后果。     

Differential reversal of drug-induced small bowel paralysis by cerulein and neostigmine

Objective: Cerulein and neostigmine are prokinetic drugs whose potency and effective dose range are barely known. The aim of this study was to assess their benefit for normal and compromised peristalsis. Design: In vitro, isolated segments of guinea pig small intestine. Setting: University laboratory. Interventions: Small bowel segments were mounted in tissue baths and luminally perfused with Tyrode solution. Test drugs (prokinetic: cerulein, neostigmine; inhibitory: atropine, hexamethonium, epinephrine, sufentanil) were added to the tissue bath. Measurements and results: Peristalsis was quantified via changes in the peristaltic pressure threshold. One-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. Cerulein (0.03–100 nM) stimulated normal peristalsis in a concentration-dependent manner and reversed paralysis of peristalsis induced by all inhibitory test drugs to a similar extent. The properistaltic effect of neostigmine was limited to a narrow concentration range (0.03–0.1 µM), whereas concentrations >0.3 µM inhibited peristalsis. Neostigmine more effectively counteracted blockage of peristalsis caused by atropine than that caused by hexamethonium. The inhibitory effects of epinephrine and sufentanil on peristalsis were reversed only at the concentration range of 0.1–0.3 µM neostigmine. Conclusions: Cerulein stimulates normal peristalsis in vitro at a wide concentration range and reverses blockage of peristalsis caused by drugs with a site of action either on the enteric nervous system or intestinal smooth muscle. Neostigmines prokinetic effect, to the contrary, is limited to a small concentration range and best seen when peristalsis is depressed by blockage of cholinergic muscle activation.     

Antigastric autoantibodies inHelicobacter pylori infection: role in gastric mucosal inflammation

The aim of the study was to ascertain whether there is an association between the presence of serum parietal cell autoantibodies (PCA) and: (1) Helicobacter pylori infection; (2) the presence and degree of gastritis and intestinal metaplasia; and (3) the H. pylori infecting strain. Gastric mucosal biopsies were obtained from 49 consecutive patients in order to assess and grade gastritis, make a histological diagnosis, and culture and genotype H. pylori. H. pylori infection was present in 26 patients (group 1), had been present in 17 patients (group 2), and the remaining 6 (group 3) had never had the infection. The infecting strain was cagA positive in 21 of 26 group 1 patients. Positive PCA results were found in 84%, 76%, and 14% of patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. PCA results were correlated with anti-H. pylori antibody titers (P<0.05). In group 2 patients, PCA were associated with the degree of antral gastritis (Fisher's exact test P<0.05). cagA status was not associated with the presence of PCA (chi2=0.68, NS). The frequency of positive findings for PCA in group 2 was higher in patients with (90%) than in those without (50%) intestinal metaplasia. In conclusion: (1) H. pylori infection is associated with the production of PCA, which, after eradication of the infection, persist and might contribute to the persistent antral chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia; (2) the gastric lesions associated with infections sustained by the more-virulent H. pylori strains do not appear to be due to the induction of antigastric autoantibodies.