丹江口首批移民心理健康干预的效果评价

摘要:目的　评价南水北调丹江口移民心理干预效果,为建立有针对性的心理健康干预提供科学依据。方法　对丹江口库区第一批移民和安置地居民进行多阶段分层、整群抽样,以村为单位,将移民随机分为干预组和对照组1,安置地居民作为对照组2,运用SCL-90症状自评量表分别在干预前后两次进行问卷调查。结果　（1）干预前:移民SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于安置地居民（P＜0.05）;（2）干预后:干预组SCL-90总分及各因子分均低于对照组1和干预前（P＜0.05）,其中强迫症状、附加因子得分低于对照组2（P＜0.05）;对照组1躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、敌对、附加因子和总分得分高于干预前（P＜0.05）。结论　在自然状态下移民的心理健康状况并未改善,对移民进行专业的、有针对性的心理干预是有效的。     

急性脑卒中吞咽障碍康复护理干预不同介入时间与远期功能改善效果的关系

目的探讨急性脑卒中并发吞咽障碍患者早期康复护理干预在不同时间介入与远期进食功能改善的关系。方法收集神经科监护室、普通病房急性脑卒中并发吞咽障碍103例患者,按从发病到开始康复护理干预介入时间分成4组:A组:00.05)。干预后,A组吞咽功能好于B组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组吞咽功能好于C组和D组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论不同介入时间康复护理干预均能积极有效地提高脑卒中吞咽障碍患者远期功能改善率,缩短发病与护理干预措施的间隔时间,更有利于促进吞咽功能的康复,提高患者自主进食能力。     

Développement et validation d’une échelle de qualité de vie axée sur l’alimentation pour la population française

Dietary modifications are hard to achieve and maintain over time. They may affect the subject's quality of life. Very few scales have been developed and validated in French to measure the quality of life of healthy subjects. None of them are designed to specifically analyze quality of life as it relates to diet. Within the framework of the ELPAS study, an original scale (QV-AF) was developed to measure the effects of dietary coaching on food-related quality of life in healthy subjects. This scale underwent linguistic and psychometric validation. It may be freely used; scoring parameters are available upon request.     

血液病患者医院感染分析与干预措施

目的了解血液病患者医院感染的发病特点、病原菌及危险因素,采取干预措施。方法采用前瞻性调查方法,对无锡人民医院2009年1月至2009年12月血液病患者的医院感染情况进行调查分析。结果医院感染率为12.93%,例次感染率为15.34%,感染部位以下呼吸道为首位。医院感染的病原菌中革兰阴性菌占68.82%,真菌占21.50%,革兰阳性菌占9.68%。恶性白血病、接受放疗、化疗、免疫受损、白细胞<1.5×109/L时医院感染发生率明显增高。结论血液病患者医院感染率高,应针对其危险因素进行重点监控,并采取有效的预防控制措施,降低其感染率。     

More than a dance: the production of sexual health risk in the exotic dance clubs in Baltimore, USA

Women who exchange sex for money, drugs, or goods are disproportionately infected with HIV and have high rates of illicit drug use. A growing body of research has underscored the primacy of environmental factors in shaping individual behaviors. HIV/STI rates among sex workers are influenced by environmental factors such as the physical (e.g., brothel) and economic (e.g., increased pay for unsafe sex) context in which sex work occurs. Exotic dance clubs (EDCs) could be a risk environment that is epidemiologically significant to the transmission of HIV/STIs among vulnerable women, but it is a context that has received scant research attention. This study examines the nature of the physical, social, and economic risk environments in promoting drug and sexual risk behaviors. Structured observations and semi-structured qualitative interviews (N = 40) were conducted with club dancers, doormen, managers, and bartenders from May through August, 2009. Data were analyzed inductively using the constant comparative method common to grounded theory methods. Atlas-ti was used for data analysis. Dancers began working in exotic dance clubs primarily because of financial need and lack of employment opportunities, and to a lesser extent, the need to support illicit drug habits. The interviews illuminated the extent to which the EDCs’ physical (e.g., secluded areas for lap dances), economic (e.g., high earnings from dancers selling sex), and social (e.g., prevailing social norms condoning sex work) environments facilitated dancers’ engaging in sex work. Drug use and alcohol use were reported as coping mechanisms in response to these stressful working conditions and often escalated sexual risk behaviors. The study illuminated characteristics of the environment that should be targeted for interventions.     

Biological and psychological interventions: Trends in substance use disorders intervention research

Substance use disorders (SUDs) cause serious medical, financial, and social problems for individuals and society. Thus, understanding the large body of research exploring biological and psychological intervention trends is important to researchers and clinicians. Historically, psychological interventions have dominated the literature, in spite of modest outcome data. Recently, a refocus on biological intervention research has led to results suggested as efficacious in treatment of SUDs with promising clinical potential. The current review indicates that there seems to be some incongruence between this growing body of physiological research and psychological clinical research and practice. The current review explores these trends and argues for more solid integration of biological and psychological research and treatment strategies for SUDs, as well as heightened efforts toward translation of research into practice.     

Interventions for tic disorders: An overview of systematic reviews and meta analyses

We conducted a comprehensive search and the overview included 22 systematic reviews (SRs) for treating tic disorders (TDs). Three SRs indicated typical antipsychotics (i.e., haloperidol, pimozide) were efficacious in the reduction of tic severity compared with placebo but with poor tolerability. Six SRs assessed the efficacy of atypical antipsychotics and indicated that atypical antipsychotics (i.e., risperidone, aripiprazole) could significantly improved tic symptoms compared with placebo or typical antipsychotics with less AEs. Four SRs indicated alpha adrenergic agonists (i.e., clonidine, guanfacine) could improve tic symptoms. Two SRs assessed the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs and indicated topiramate was a promising therapy. Six SRs evaluated the efficacy of behavior therapy and showed habit reversal therapy (HRT) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) were effective. One SR evaluated the efficacy deep brain stimulation (DBS) and indicated DBS is a promising treatment option for severe cases of TS. In conclusion, RCTs directly comparing different pharmacological treatment options are scarce. In practice, typical and atypical antipsychotics are often considered firstly while other pharmacological medications are suggested as alternatives in the case of treatment failure or contradictory outcomes. Behavioral therapies can be used either alone or in combination with medication.     

Capsule Endoscopy for Obscure GI Bleeding: Therapeutic Yield of Follow-up Procedures

Positive findings on capsule endoscopy (CE) often prompt a follow-up procedure with therapeutic intent. Our purpose was to review the therapeutic yield of subsequent procedural interventions based on positive CE findings. The medical records of all patients who underwent CE between June 2002 and February 2005 for obscure bleeding were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-two patients had follow-up procedures based on positive capsule findings. In this group, angiodysplasia was the most common CE finding (n=30), with therapeutic intervention performed in 16 cases (53%). Fresh blood without clear lesion was the second most common finding (n=9), with therapeutic intervention performed in 6 cases (67%). Overall, a therapeutic intervention was performed in 33 of the 52 follow-up procedures (63%). Positive capsule findings directed further procedural investigation in 52 cases, with a high therapeutic yield of 63% in those cases. The long-term efficacy of such interventions warrants further investigation.     

Les répercussions psychologiques des interventions médicales urgentes sur le personnel SAMU. Étude portant sur 50 intervenants SAMU

This study was conducted in the pre-hospital emergency department (SAMU) of Paris hospitals in order to evaluate stress factors among SAMU staff and to measure their psychological consequences.Method. - The data was obtained from 50 service members during interviews in which they were asked to respond to six clinical scales - the Job Stress Survey (JSS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Perceived Stress Scale, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Event Impact Scale (IESR) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Questionnaire (PTSQ) - followed by a clinical interview.Results. - This study confirmed that emergency medical assistance activities are characterized by numerous stressful events but that these events have only minor psychological repercussions.Conclusion. - The presence of acute stress and repetitive symptoms shows that certain interventions have a psychological impact but no disorganizing effects on the mental health of SAMU staff. These results lead us to examine the importance of coping abilities among SAMU staff. The distancing of the relation with the patient seems to be one of the strategies used to cope with stress situations.