Endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage: Patient selection,preparation, and performance

Acute cholecystitis is a common cause of hospital admissions and can result in critically ill patients. For those patients not amenable to cholecystectomy, endoscopic drainage via transpapillary cystic duct stenting or transmural drainage offers a temporizing method for urgent gallbladder decompression. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and the development of novel lumen apposing metal stents can allow for more permanent drainage with comparable outcomes to percutaneous transhepatic catheters. The merits of this approach including the technical and clinical advantages of EUS-guided drainage are discussed further in this review article.     

活动平板试验在冠状动脉临界病变介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨活动平板试验对冠脉临界病变介入治疗的指导作用。方法依据活动平板试验结果对41例冠脉造影显示的临界病变分组,活动平板试验阳性组19例在药物治疗基础上接受介入治疗冠脉植入药物洗脱支架,阴性组22例接受单纯药物治疗,对比分析介入治疗组与单纯药物治疗组不良心脏事件发生率。结果随访1年介入治疗组不良心脏事件发生率显著低于单纯药物治疗组。结论活动平板试验对于评价临界病变的功能意义及辅助冠脉造影指导临界病变介入治疗具有一定的临床应用价值。     

脑动脉狭窄介入治疗的最新进展

脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是缺血性脑卒中的主要病因之一,而目前血管内介入治疗是脑动脉狭窄的重要治疗方法之一,并取得了良好的疗效.对脑动脉狭窄介入治疗的最新进展作一综述.     

Design principles for the use of simulation as an aid in interventional cardiology training

Learning complex skills through simulation is a goal for training physicians in specialties such as interventional cardiology, where traditional training puts patients at risk. Intuitively, interactive simulation of anatomy, pathology and therapeutic actions should lead to shortening of the learning curve for novice or inexperienced physicians. An accurate recreation of the interactions among anatomy, pathology and therapeutic actions is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the development of a simulation-based training system. In addition to real-time graphic interactivity coupled with haptic response, a successful training tool will require features of a 'learning system' such as: an embedded curriculum, functionality that allows rehearsal and practice, hypertext links to educational information, personal archiving, and instructor review and testing capabilities. We describe how such a system might look for the field of interventional cardiology, and suggest that designing a simulation with both technical and pedagogical fidelity is essential in developing simulation-based training systems in any field of medicine.     

介入治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床观察及护理

目的：探讨射频、胶原酶及三氧联合应用治疗颈椎间盘突出症的疗效及护理。方法对46例颈椎间盘突出症患者，在C型臂X线引导下行突出椎间盘穿刺，穿刺成功后盘内予70℃、120 s ，80℃、120 s ，90℃、60 s分别射频热凝，盘内注入胶原酶400 U ，在盘外注入三氧5 ml ，浓度为20μg/ml。术后1个月、3个月、6个月随访症状的改善情况及生活质量。结果治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月优良率分别为91．3％（42/46例）、95．6％（44/46例）、95．6％（44/46例），差异无显著意义，总有效率为95．6％（44/46例）。结论射频、胶原酶及三氧联合应用治疗颈椎间盘突出症是一种操作方便、创伤小、安全有效的治疗方法，精心的护理是此项技术成功实施的重要保障。     

介入治疗颅内前循环动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的临床疗效

目的探讨介入治疗与药物治疗颅内前循环动脉狭窄的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析重度前循环颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄而导致的脑梗死或短暂性脑缺血发作患者166例的临床资料,根据患者治疗方法分为介入组（81例）和药物组（85例）。比较两组患者随访期间累积主要终点事件和次要终点事件发生率。结果两组主要终点事件累积发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。不考虑围手术期并发症,以30 d后责任血管同侧缺血性脑血管事件作为次要终点事件,随访3年时两组累积发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论介入治疗重度颅内前循环动脉狭窄对30 d后责任血管同侧缺血性脑卒中的预防作用更优于单纯药物治疗,介入治疗的围手术期并发症仍然是限制其临床推广的主要因素。     

Establishing diagnostic reference levels for interventional procedures in Kenya

PurposeTo quantify ionizing radiation exposure to patients during interventional procedures and establish national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for clinical radiation exposure management.MethodsThe cumulative reference point air kerma, kerma area product, fluoroscopy time and other operational parameters were monitored for 50 children and 261 adult patient procedures in five catheterization medical laboratories in Kenya. To estimate the risk associated with the exposure, effective doses were derived from the kerma area product using conversion factors from Monte Carlo models.ResultsAbout 3% of the measured cumulative reference point air kerma for the interventional procedures approached the threshold dose limit with the potential to cause deterministic effects such as skin injuries. In interventional cardiology, the results obtained for both children and adults indicated 33% were below the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). In adult interventional radiology, 29% for cumulative reference point air kerma, and 43% for kerma area product and fluoroscopy time respectively were below the diagnostic reference levels. NDRLs were proposed for routine use in the procedures considered and for the non-existent DRLs situations in paediatric interventional cardiology.ConclusionThe measured patient doses were above the DRLs available in the literature indicating a need for radiation optimization through, continuous monitoring and recording of patient dose. To promote radiation safety, facilities performing interventional procedures need to establish a radiation monitoring notification threshold for possible deterministic effects, in addition to the use of the newly established national diagnostic reference levels, as a quality assurance measure.     

先天性心脏病介入治疗与外科治疗临床比较

目的:对房间隔缺损(ASD)、室间隔缺损(VSD)的介入治疗(Amplatzer封堵器)和外科手术治疗的临床疗效进行比较。方法:2004年5月至12月住院患儿,符合单一左向右分流畸形ASD或VSD,根据治疗方法不同分为介入组和手术组;比较2组在疗效、费用、并发症、输血量及住院时间等方面的异同;通过放免法测定2组治疗前后的心钠素(ANP)水平。结果:2组手术成功率均为100%;介入组均未输血,手术组均输血治疗(P<0·01);术后住院时间介入组少于手术组(P<0·01);治疗费用介入组高于手术组(P<0·01);ANP水平、外科手术及介入治疗后均较治疗前降低。结论:单一ASD、VSD的介入治疗与手术治疗临床效果相同;介入组不需输血,术后住院时间短,但治疗费用较昂贵。     

原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻的影像诊断与介入治疗

目的　探讨原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻的影像诊断与介入治疗价值。方法　对 2 6例原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻者进行回顾性分析 ,所有患者均行超声和CT检查 ,18例行MRI检查 ,11例行PTC检查 ,10例行ERCP检查 ,12例行胆道内支架置入术 ,2 2例经肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)治疗。结果　 2 6例患者经超声、CT、MRI、PTC和ERCP等影像学检查后获得正确诊断。 12例患者分别置入了 4枚塑料内支架和 8枚金属支架 ,技术成功率为 10 0 % ,均有明显的减黄效果 ,患者术后 1周的血清胆红素水平由术前的 ( 2 96± 67) μmol/L降至 ( 10 4± 5 2 ) μmol/L(P <0 .0 5 )。 2 2例患者成功地进行了TACE治疗。结论　超声、CT、MRI和胆管造影检查对原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻有较高的诊断价值 ,其相互补充有助于本病的正确诊断。胆道内支架置入术与TACE等介入治疗是其有效的治疗方法。