儿童保健教育效果分析

目的 通过保健教育使儿童加深对健康知识的了解,自觉培养良好的卫生行为习惯.方法 对我医院2011年6~12月收治确诊的70例儿童进行保健教育,出院后再进行为期1年的随访,随访期间继续进行保健教育,随访结束后发放调查表,了解保健教育前后患者行为变化及保健基本知识知晓率的变化.结果 多数儿童对保健基本知识有了更详细全面的了解,自觉养成了健康的行为习惯.结论 行之有效的儿童保健教育可以保持儿童健康,减少儿科相关疾病,增进儿童身体健康的成长.     

Adolescent Internet use and its relationship to cigarette smoking and alcohol use: A prospective cohort study

The present study aims to investigate the longitudinal impact of situational Internet use on future cigarette smoking and alcohol use among male and female adolescents. A Northern Taiwanese cohort sample of adolescents with no prior use of cigarettes (n = 1445) or alcohol (n = 1468) was surveyed at age 16 and again 4 years later. Information regarding where, why, and length of time spent using the Internet was gathered from the 16-year-old participants. Outcome information regarding cigarette/alcohol use was gathered via a follow-up questionnaire at age 20. Multivariate regressions were used to incorporate peer, individual and family characteristics as measured at age 16 and create models of future cigarette and alcohol use at age 20. The analyses demonstrated that adolescent Internet use, particularly where such use took place, has a significant impact on future cigarette smoking and alcohol use, adjusted for conventional factors, and its relationship differs significantly by gender. Female adolescents with Internet café use appear to be especially likely to develop these two risky behaviors. The why of Internet use is also a predictor of future cigarette smoking. Finally, time spent using the Internet is significantly related to alcohol use; greater use of the Internet is associated with higher levels of drinking. The results revealed that different risky behaviors are differentially influenced by separate components of adolescent Internet use. These findings suggest that programs aimed at promoting adolescent health could potentially benefit Taiwanese adolescents by including components related to situational Internet use and taking gender into consideration.     

Evaluation of an online master’s programme in Somaliland. A phenomenographic study on the experience of professional and personal development among midwifery faculty

To record the variation of perceptions of midwifery faculty in terms of the possibilities and challenges related to the completion of their first online master's level programme in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Somaliland. The informants included in this phenomenongraphical focus group study were those well-educated professional women and men who completed the master's program. The informant perceived that this first online master's level programme provided tools for independent use of the Internet and independent searching for evidence-based information, enhanced professional development, was challenge-driven and evoked curiosity, challenged professional development, enhanced personal development and challenged context-bound career paths. Online education makes it possible for well-educated professional women to continue higher education. It furthermore increased the informants' confidence in their use of Internet, software and databases and in the use of evidence in both their teaching and their clinical practice. Programmes such as the one described in this paper could counter the difficulties ensuring best practice by having a critical mass of midwives who will be able to continually gather contemporary midwifery evidence and use it to ensure best practice. An increase of online education is suggested in South-central Somalia and in similar settings globally.     

刻意训练在护理教育中的应用及研究进展

<正>刻意训练(Deliberate practice,DP)是心理学家Ericsson~([1])在1993年提出的一种专长发展理论,用于解释不同专业领域内专长的获得。这套练习方法的核心假设是:专家级水平是逐渐训练出来的,而有效进步的关键在于合理组织的训练和大量重复的练习,并且在练习过程中个体及时收到根据他们的表现给予的精准反馈。完成这种练习要求受训者思想高度集中,与那些例行公事或者带娱乐色彩的练习有着诸     

哮喘健康教育的临床效果

目的研究哮喘健康教育各个方面对临床效果的影响，为系统规范的进行哮喘健康教育提供科学参考。方法对我院呼吸科104例哮喘病患者进行健康教育，出院时以问卷调查的方式，对患者掌握健康教育5个方面的效果进行评价。用Logistic回归分析影响复发住院率的因素。结果疾病知识、饮食注意、日常活动、正确用药和心理情绪合格率分别为43．75％，52．86％，76．68％，70．64％，67．46％；复发住院率22．12％；日常活动、疾病知识和正确用药对应的OR值为0．176，0．451，0．791，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），表明是复发住院的重要影响因素。饮食注意和心理情绪OR值均小于1，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对于哮喘的健康教育需要更加规范化，专业化，需要着重注意对日常活动、疾病知识和正确用药等方面有针对性地进行健康教育。     

Preschoolers’ mathematical play and colour preferences: a new window into the development of gendered beliefs about math

In play, children often explore mathematical ideas that are vital for future learning. Children’s play also reveals gender differences in both colour and toy preferences. The authors examined how gender-related colour preferences of 5-year-olds are related to preferences for math-specific games/toys and gendered beliefs about math. Spanish preschoolers (N?=?143) completed a self-report measure of gendered beliefs about math. Children then indicated their favourite colour and were given five math-specific games/toys in that colour. Play times for each game/toy were recorded. Three findings emerged. First, girls preferred games/toys of particular colours (pink/purple) that differed from boys’ preferences (blue/red). Second, play time with math games/toys did not differ between girls and boys. Third, 5-year-olds of both genders thought that girls liked math more than boys did. This is the youngest age at which these gendered beliefs about math have been shown, and suggests new theorizing about stereotypes, gender, and math.