New times,new needs; e-epidemiology

The successful and systematic collection of demographic and lifestyle data is central in the process of any epidemiological study. The traditionally used methods such as face-to-face and telephone interviews as well as paper-questionnaires are increasingly failing to produce good qualitative results within financially feasible limits. Tools that are better suited for the present dynamic populations are needed and the Internet presents a powerful alternative for the collection of data with several intrinsic features still unexplored.     

标本转运智慧化管理系统的应用效果

目的 应用标本转运智慧化管理系统,提高临床标本转运质量与效率。 方法 成立智慧化管理小组,引进标本管理系统并应用于标本转运质量管理中。应用1年后评价效果。 结果 标本管理系统应用后,与常规标本转运同时间段比较,标本转运时间显著缩短（均P＜0.05）,转运量相对提高,不良事件发生率减少。 结论 标本管理系统有效整合互联网、物联网及大数据资料,用于标本转运管理可显著提高标本转运时效性和准确性。     

Randomized Controlled Trial of an Online Problem-Solving Intervention Following Adolescent Traumatic Brain Injury: Family Outcomes

Objective

To examine parent and family outcomes of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing Teen Online Problem-Solving with Family (TOPS-F), Teen Online Problem-Solving-Teen Only (TOPS-TO), or access to Internet resources alone (Internet resource comparison [IRC]).

What do people with MS want from a web-based resource to encourage increased physical activity behaviour?

Purpose: To investigate what people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) want from a web-based resource that encourages physical activity (PA). Methods: Three focus groups (n?=?22) and 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The semi-structured interviews were conducted using Skype (audio only) or telephone. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and the thematic analysis approach described by Braun and Clarke was performed. Results: The themes from the data were: (1) Content – important information to include, (2) Presentation – varying format, different abilities, (3) Interactivity – build a sense of community and (4) Reach the Audience – let people know. Participants believed the web resource to be a good idea and suggested that the content of resource should include a focus on the knowledge of the benefits of being physically active. Illustrating the types of exercise in which PwMS could participate in was also discussed. Ensuring information was stratified by mobility level and that the resource was interactive, portraying a ‘Sense of Community’ and use of success stories, was also suggested by participants. Conclusions: The data suggest that PwMS want a variety of information from a variety of sources and that this information is to be both stratified and interactive. These results will be used to inform the development of the ‘Activity Matters’ website which will aim to enable PwMS to become more physically active.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) want information on the benefits of being physically active in order to change physical inactivity behaviours.

• Offering PwMS a range of exercise options that can be stratified by mobility and physical activity levels may further enable them to become more physically active.

• Peer support and creating a sense of community are important components when aiming to motivate PwMS to become more physically active.

     

系统评价中利用英特网检索未发表临床试验的有效性评价

目的 为避免选择和发表偏倚,系统评价者应采用多种查询技术,并尽力获得未发表的研究。本文试图探讨,英特网检索对鉴定未发表和正在进行的临床试验是否有用。研究设计 利用七个Cochrane系统评价的查询策略回顾性地在英特网上检索未纳入的随机对照试验。方法 检索策略 以普通检索式“研究方法学NEAR干预措施NERA条件”、用Alta Vista在英特网上搜索。测量指标包括搜索时间、英特网搜索已发表研究的回溯率、精确度(已发表和未发表的随机临床试验链接的网页比例)、英特网检索到的未纳入的未发表和正在进行的研究数。结果 用21小时查询了429个网页,找到14个链接到未发表的、正在进行的或最近完成的试验,至少有9个与4篇系统评价相关。英特网检索已发表研究文献的回溯率在0～43.6％,其链接已发表和未发表研究的精确度在0～20.2％。结论 未发表尤其是正在进行的试验的信息可在英特网上找到。潜在的问题是如何评价未经同行评审的电子出版物的质量。急需更强的搜索工具。建议用“Open Trial Initiative”定义英特网发表试验的语法,以加强试验登记的共同操作性。因此,专门的搜索引擎可找到更多有关正在进行和已完成的临床试验信息。     

不同活动场所男男性接触人群艾滋病高危行为比较研究

目的分析长沙市不同活动场所(传统场所和网络)男男性接触(MSM)人群的特征及与艾滋病高危行为的关系,为MSM人群艾滋病防治提供参考依据。方法横断面调查。通过传统活动场所(270人)和同志网站聊天室及交友栏目(102人)招募研究对象,填写调查问卷。结果传统场所MSM与网络MSM相比:年龄偏大,在婚比例高;文化程度和性取向无差别,初次性行为年龄无差别;初次性行为对象为男性的比例低,但年龄偏大;最近3个月发生性行为的比例高,且性伴数多,只有1个性伴的比例偏低;最近3个月没有发生性行为的比例是网络的一半,但既与男性又与女性发生行为的比例是网络的2倍;最近一次与男性发生肛交时安全套使用率及最近3个月与男性发生肛交时每次都用安全套的比例均高;自我报告的性病患病率没有差别。结论网络MSM年龄偏低,未婚比例较高,高危行为更为普遍,较传统场所MSM更值得关注;传统场所MSM作为桥梁人群的作用较网络MSM更大。